Removal Of Rhodamine Research Articles

In Situ Constructed Magnetic Core‐Shell Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework‐on‐Metal–Organic Framework Structure: an Efficient Catalyst for Peroxymonosulfate Activation

AbstractZeolite imidazole‐based framework (ZIF‐67), a notable class of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), shows promise in activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for pollutant degradation due to its uniformly distributed cobalt ions. However, its nanoparticle form and the elution of cobalt ions during use cause challenges in recycling and the risk of secondary pollution. In this study, a magnetic core‐shell hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF) on the MOF (HOF‐on‐Fe3O4/ZIF‐67) is successfully prepared. The porous HOF shell not only protects the active sites and mitigates cobalt ion leaching but also reduces mass transfer limitations, ensuring sustained catalytic performance. The magnetic Fe3O4 core enhances electron transfer between cobalt ions, boosts catalytic efficiency, and facilitates easy separation and recycling. This core‐shell structure effectively activates PMS, achieving 100% removal of Rhodamine B, a model wastewater dye, within 10 min (Rh B = 50 mg L−1, HFZ = 150 mg L−1, PMS = 1.5 mm, pH = 7, room temperature). Furthermore, under the protection of the HOF shell, cobalt ion leaching is minimized to a negligible value (0.14 mg L−1) after 5 cycles of use. The research provides fresh perspectives into the development of core‐shell composite materials with improved performance and recyclability in wastewater treatment.

Cu-doped NaNbO3 nanorods: Enhanced photocatalytic activity for RhB dye removal and antibacterial activity against E. coli

Sodium niobate (NaNbO3) nanorods with Cu (0.00, 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 mmol) insertion were prepared by the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method and the photocatalytic and antibacterial activity was explored for the first time. X-ray diffraction confirms the coexistence of two orthorhombic phases (P21ma and Pbma) for all samples, with the percentage of each phase being strongly influenced by doping. The micrographs reveal that doping did not alter the shape or size of the grains (nanorods, with a diameter of ∼200 nm and a length of tens micrometers). The samples of pure NaNbO3 and those with 0.01 and 0.02 mmol of Cu showed an average band gap value of 3.08 eV. However, the sample containing 0.04 mmol of Cu exhibited a slight redshift. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was assessed by the removal of Rhodamine B dye (RhB), under ultraviolet light. All doped samples exhibited superior performance, with the sample containing 0.02 mmol of Cu showing the best photocatalytic activity, achieving 100 % RhB removal in 50 min. This was attributed to a lower rate of recombination of photogenerated charges, as evaluated through photoluminescence analysis. Additionally, the photocatalyst demonstrated excellent recyclability over three cycles. Pure NaNbO3 nanorods showed no antibacterial activity, but doping with 0.04 mmol of Cu reduced the growth of Escherichia coli.

Highly efficient photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B by immobilizing CdS quantum dots on ZnCr-layered double hydroxide nanosheets

The removal of Rhodamine B (RhB), a commonly encountered cationic dye in heavily contaminated wastewater streams, from wastewater effluents presents a significant challenge. Herein, we focus on developing an innovative ternary nanocomposite of zinc oxide nanoparticles, quantum dots of cadmium sulfide (CdS QDs), and zinc-chromium carbonate layered double hydroxide nanosheets (ZnCr–CO3-LDH NSs) via a sonochemical synthesis route. The synthesized ternary nanocomposite, CdS QDs@ZnO/ZnCr–CO3-LDH referred to as CZC-LDH, exhibits remarkable photodegradation performance of rhodamine B (RhB) dye under UV-A radiation. A comprehensive investigation into the photocatalytic efficiency and characteristics of CZC-LDH was conducted using various analytical techniques, including XRD, FESEM, DRS, XPS, HR-TEM, PL, and BET (surface area analysis). Results indicate that CZC-LDH demonstrates superior photocatalytic efficiency, achieving 98.26 % degradation of RhB within 3-h only. Moreover, the influence of different scavengers on CZC-LDH photocatalytic efficiency was evaluated to elucidate the plausible RhB photocatalytic degradation pathway. The as-prepared CZC-LDH exhibits exceptional photocatalytic performance, stability, and reusability, positioning it as a promising candidate to previously reported photocatalysts in literature.

Fabrication of the NH2-MIL-125(Ti)@TpPa-NO2 hybrid material and its efficient adsorption and removal of rhodamine B in wastewater

In this work, the hybrid material NH2-MIL-125(Ti)@TpPa-NO2 was synthesized by grafting an amino-functionalized titanium-based metal–organic framework (NH2-MIL-125(Ti)) with 2,4,6-tri(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine-nitro (TpPa-NO2) moieties. The resulting composite material exhibited remarkable removal efficiency owing to the synergistic effects derived from the combination of the NH2-MIL-125(Ti) and TpPa-NO2 components. The material demonstrated excellent stability and recyclability, making it a promising candidate for the treatment of wastewater containing rhodamine-B (Rhd-B). Some characterization techniques were employed to elucidate the structural features and surface morphology of the hybrid material. The adsorption capacity of NH2-MIL-125(Ti)@TpPa-NO2 for Rhd-B dye was evaluated, and the results revealed an exceptional removal efficiency of 99.96 % and a high adsorption capacity of 25.54 mg/g, highlighting the superior adsorption performance of the material. The adsorption process was found to follow Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics, indicating that chemisorption is the predominant mechanism governing the uptake of Rhd-B dye onto NH2-MIL-125(Ti)@TpPa-NO2.

Enhanced Piezocatalytic Performance of Li-doped BaTiO3 Through a Facile Sonication-Assisted Precipitation Approach.

Piezocatalysis-induced dye degradation has garnered significant attention as an effective method for addressing wastewater treatment challenges. In our study, we employed a room-temperature sonochemical method to synthesize piezoelectric barium titanate nanoparticles (BaTiO3: BTO) with varying levels of Li doping. This approach not only streamlined the sample preparation process but also significantly reduced the overall time required for synthesis, making it a highly efficient and practical method. One of the key findings was the exceptional performance of the Li-doped BTO nanoparticles. With 20 mg of Li additive, we achieved 90 % removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye within a relatively short timeframe of 150 minutes, all while subjecting the sample to ultrasonic vibration. This rapid and efficient dye degradation was further evidenced by the calculated kinetic rate constant, which indicated seven times faster degradation rate compared to pure BTO. The enhanced piezoelectric performance observed in the Li-doped BTO nanoparticles can be attributed to the strategic substitution of Li atoms, which facilitated a more efficient transfer of charge charges at the interface. Overall, our study underscores the potential of piezocatalysis coupled with advanced materials like Li-doped BTO nanoparticles as a viable and promising solution for wastewater treatment, offering both efficiency and environmental sustainability.

Sm-doped ZnO with enhanced photocatalytic performance toward destruction of RhB

In this work, Sm-doped ZnO was prepared by a Sol-Gel method. The structure, morphology, composition and optical properties of the prepared samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), surface photovoltage spectrum (SPS) and X-ray photoelectron spectros­copy (XPS). Sm-doping results in high specific surface area and boosted photogenerated carriers separation efficiency, and produces more active free radicals to participate in the photocatalytic reaction. Photocatalytic activities of the samples toward removal of rhodamine B(RhB) were evaluated under UV light irradiation, the results display that Sm-doped ZnO shows higher photocatalytic activity than the reference ZnO.

Enhanced adsorption of dye wastewater by low-temperature combined NaOH/urea pretreated hydrochar: Fabrication, performance, and mechanism.

The highly stable biomass structure formed by cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin results in incomplete conversion and carbonization under hydrothermal conditions. In this study, pretreated corn straw hydrochar (PCS-HC) was prepared using a low-temperature alkali/urea combination pretreatment method. The Massloss rateof cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin from pretreated biomass, as well as the effects of the pretreatment method on the physicochemical properties of PCS-HC and the adsorption performance of PCS-HC for alkaline dyes (rhodamine B and methylene blue), were investigated. The results showed that the low-temperature NaOH/urea pretreatment effectively disrupted the stable structure formed by cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. NaOH played a dominant role in solubilizing cellulose and the combination of low temperature and urea enhanced the ability of NaOH to remove cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Compared to the untreated hydrochar, PCS-HC exhibited a rougher surface, a more abundant pore structure, and a larger specific surface area. The unpretreated hydrochar exhibited an adsorption capacity of 64.8% for rhodamine B and 66.32% for methylene blue. However, the removal of rhodamine B and methylene blue by PCS-BC increased to 89.12% and 90.71%, respectively, under the optimal pretreatment conditions. The PCS-HC exhibited a favorable adsorption capacity within the pH range of 6-9. However, the presence of co-existing anions such as Cl-, SO42-, CO32-, and NO3- hindered the adsorption capacity of PCS-HC. Among these anions, CO32- exhibited the highest level of inhibition. Chemisorption, including complexation, electrostatic attraction, and hydrogen bonding, were the primary mechanism for dye adsorption by PCS-HC. This study provides an efficient method for utilizing agricultural waste and treating dye wastewater.

Electron beam radiation coupled to flocculation for advanced treatment of coking and dyeing wastewater: Performance and synergistic effect

Advanced treatment of industrial wastewater is a tough problem in the field of wastewater treatment. In this study, the electron beam radiation coupled to flocculation process was firstly developed and investigated for the advanced treatment of coking and dyeing wastewater. Three different coupled processes were studied, i.e. electron beam radiation followed by flocculation process (EBF), flocculation followed by electron beam radiation process (FEB), and simultaneous electron beam radiation and flocculation process (SEBF). It was found that different processes had various performances in the removal of targeted organic pollutants. For humic acid, FEB with poly aluminum ferric chloride (PAFC) as flocculants showed the best synergistic effect at 10 kGy, in which the removal of humic acid was 95.2%, while SEBF exhibited the inhibition effect under all the conditions. For Rhodamine B, EBF with PAFC had the highest synergistic effect at 10 kGy, in which the removal of Rhodamine B was 87.4%. For phenol, SEBF with PAFC as flocculants showed the highest synergistic effect at 10 kGy, in which the phenol removal was 64.2%. The transformation of organic pollutants, such as the polymerization was the main reason for the synergistic effect of EBF, while the dissolved iron ions and the enhanced oxidation made major contribution to the synergistic effect of FEB, and the structural change of flocculants and the transformation of organic pollutants during the process of electron beam radiation was mainly responsible for the synergistic effect of SEBF. EBF showed better performance in COD removal for actual coking and dyeing wastewater than FEB, indicating that electron beam radiation could promote the flocculation effect. Considering the operation procedure and treatment cost comprehensively, EBF with PAFC is recommended for the advanced treatment of actual coking and dyeing wastewater. This study could provide a novel and effective method for the advanced treatment of industrial wastewater.

High-efficiency photocatalyst based on Au nanoparticles loaded on defective ZnO nanorods

Optimizing the semiconductor-metal interaction is the key to developing metal single-atom cocatalysts with 100 % metal atom utilization and unique electronic properties. Metal atom sites are exclusively coordinated with semiconductor, featuring a chemical-bond-driven tunable interaction. Here vacancy defect-rich ZnO nanorods (NRs) are fabricated by a facile hydrothermal approach. Au nanoparticles (NPs) are preferentially anchored on surface zinc vacancy sites of ZnO NRs in an ultra-low concentration (10−4 mol/L) of HAuCL4 solution. The Au/ZnO nanohybrids exhibit an excellent photocatalytic activity toward removal of Rhodamine B and levofloxacin. Combining ferromagnetism and valence-band XPS spectra analysis, it is demonstrated that the strong interaction of surface vacancy defects in ZnO and Au generates a distinct upshift of the valence band edge, resulting from the antibonding interaction between O 2p and Au 5d orbitals which significantly weakens the Au–O bonds. This facilitates the release of the lattice oxygen and thus generates more oxygen vacancies. The remarkable photoactivity of defective Au/ZnO is due to the synergistic interaction between the intrinsic oxygen vacancy and Au. Optimizing the hybridization of transition metal d and O 2p states at the atomic scale can induce more active-sites, improve atomic utilization efficiency and thus provide a new approach for enhancing photoactivity.

In-situ construction of Bi25VO40/BiVO4 heterojunctions with boosted photocatalytic activity

In this study, Bi25VO40/BiVO4 heterojunctions were in-situ constructed by NaOH etching of BiVO4. The resulting samples exhibit significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity in removal of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. Notably, the photocatalytic efficiency of BiVO4 etched by NaOH with a concentration of 3 mol/L is 3.17 times of that of the reference BiVO4. Furthermore, the photocatalysts demonstrate remarkable stability during five successive cycle experiments. The heightened photocatalytic activity of BiVO4 treated by sodium hydroxide can be definitely attributed to improved separation efficiency of photogenerated charges owing to construction of Bi25VO40/BiVO4 heterojunctions.

Fluorine-doped TiO2/SiO2/ activated carbon ternary hybrids: Enhancing adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B and methyl orange

The exploration of cost-effective, eco-friendly, and remarkably efficient photocatalysts has been regarded as a promising strategy towards the decomposition of organic dyes. In this study, a facile one-pot hydrothermal approach was utilized to successfully create a novel adsorption photocatalyst (F-TiO2/SiO2/AC) based on activated carbon. This catalyst demonstrated high efficiency in the removal of rhodamine B (RhB) and methyl orange (MO) from wastewater. Experimental and characterization results indicate that the introduction of F ions and SiO2 induces lattice structure modifications and alters the surface functional groups of the material, leading to enhanced adsorption capacity. Moreover, these enhancements contribute to increased efficiency in the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and mitigation of electron-hole recombination. The sample achieved a degradation rate of 92.1 % in real wastewater conditions. This study not only offers valuable insights into the facile synthesis of complex activated carbon-based photocatalysts but also provides an effective strategy for rational design of electron transport pathways.

Removal of rhodamine b and alizarin red from aqueous solutions by oxidized carbon nanotubes: kinetics and isotherm Study

Alizarin Red and Rhodamine B are widely used dyes in the textile, paper, and plastic industries. However, the disposal or release of these dyes into the environment can negatively impact on both the environment and human health. In the present study, oxidized carbon nanotubes (OCNT) were used to eliminate Alizarin Red and Rhodamine B from contaminated water in batch adsorption experiments. The adsorption outcomes suggested that OCNT has the potential to be an effective material for the removal of these dyes from contaminated water. The kinetics modeling revealed that the adsorption process of both dyes onto OCNT follows the pseudo-second-order model, indicating a chemisorption process. Moreover, the OCNT has indicated fast kinetics in which the equilibrium was achieved in 4 h. The isotherm study demonstrated that the Freundlich isotherm model best fits the experimental data, suggesting that dyes’ adsorption onto OCNT is a monolayer adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacities were 124.7 and 614.7 mg/g for Rhodamine B and Alizarin Red, respectively. The adsorption of these dyes was found to be more efficient at pH values of 6-8. This study suggests that OCNT can be an effective adsorbent for removing Alizarin Red and Rhodamine B from contaminated water.

Biomass C-doped three-dimensional Bi2WO6 for enhanced visible-light-driven photodegradation of diclofenac and rhodamine B

Photocatalysis as a green and efficient pollutant degradation technology, displaying great potential in environmental purification. By one step hydrothermal method in this study, flower-like Bi2WO6 with a large specific surface area was obtained, and the preparation of biomass carbon modified Bi2WO6 with sorghum stalks was also proposed to construct a series (BWO/x%C). The composites were effectively characterized in terms of several aspects of structure and properties. With the dyes rhodamine B and diclofenac as typical organic pollutants, the photocatalytic activity of the proposed photocatalysts was evaluated. Under visible light irradiation, the removal of rhodamine B by BWO/4%C reached 97.27% within 50 min and that of diclofenac reached 96.19% within 120 min, which were significantly favorable to single-phase Bi2WO6. The superiority of this system BWO/4%C is mainly due to its large specific surface area (33.51 m2/g), which provides additional reaction sites for contaminants. The UV–Vis DRS findings indicated that the modified biomass C reduced the band gap of Bi2WO6 and improved the availability of Bi2WO6 to visible light, and the separation efficiency of the electron and hole pairs of Bi2WO6 was improved due to the strong electron transfer ability of biomass C. The analyzing results of free radical trapping experiments confirmed that h+ and •O2- are the main active substances involved in the photodegradation reaction. The results of five cycle experiments exhibited that the degradation rate of rhodamine B still reached higher than 90%, confirming the good stability of the prepared material. Finally, a feasible degradation mechanism was proposed for the degradation of rhodamine B and diclofenac. It offers new ideas for the development of composite nano-photocatalytic materials targeting difficult-to-degrade organic pollutants.

Synthesis, characterization and application of Zeolite/Bi2O3 nanocomposite in removal of Rhodamine B dye from wastewater

Many factories use a variety of colours to enhance product aesthetics, leading to untreated wastewater being discharged into natural water bodies. This wastewater not only poses a threat to aquatic life but also endangers human health, causing issues like skin diseases, as some dyes are carcinogenic. Rhodamine B dye (RhB) is commonly used in industries such as textiles, paper, etc. This study focuses on synthesizing, characterizing, and applying Zeolite/Bi2O3 nanocomposites to efficiently remove RhB dye. Nanocomposites were synthesized using the sol-gel method and characterized using techniques including FTIR, SEM-EDS, XRD, DLS, point of zero charge determination, and surface resonance analysis. The removal process in an aqueous solution achieved its maximum efficiency of 100% under the following optimal conditions: initial concentration of RhB dye (0.5 mg/L), time (10 min), adsorbent dose (0.55 g), pH (4), and temperature (298 K). Real wastewater testing confirmed the nanocomposite's efficiency, removing a significant 98.12% of RhB dye. Reusability tests showed stability, with removal efficiencies of 100%, 97.08%, and 88.9% over three cycles. Isotherm analysis adhered to the Freundlich Isotherm Model (R2 = 0.9953), signifying favourable adsorption behaviour. Kinetic analysis supported the pseudo-second-order model, indicating a chemisorption mechanism. Thermodynamic analysis suggested spontaneous (negative ΔG°) and endothermic (positive ΔH°) adsorption, with reduced randomness (negative ΔS°) at the solid-liquid interface. In conclusion, wastewater dye removal, especially Rhodamine B, is vital for environmental and public health protection. The Zeolite/Bi2O3 nanocomposite emerges as an efficient, sustainable, and eco-friendly adsorbent for Rhodamine B dye removal in both synthetic solutions and real wastewater.

Removal of Rhodamine B from Wastewater by Adsorption using Iron Oxide-Polymer Composite Material

The discharge of dye-containing wastewater from textile, paper and plastic industries poses serious environmental pollution hazards. This study investigates the potential application of an ion exchange material-iron oxide composite to remove rhodamine B dye from aqueous solutions. The composite was synthesized by incorporating iron oxide nanoparticles into a cationic ion exchange matrix containing amine groups with high affinity for rhodamine B dye. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted under controlled pH, temperature and initial rhodamine B dye concentrations. The results demonstrate that the composite material can effectively remove rhodamine B dye, with adsorption capacities reaching 23570.4 mg/g and removal efficiencies over 90% under the optimal conditions at pH 7 and 30 ºC. The adsorption followed pseudo-second order kinetics indicating chemisorption as the main mechanism. The findings suggested that this composite material can serve as an efficient and low-cost adsorbent for removing cationic dyes like rhodamine B dye from textile and other industrial wastewaters due to its high capacity, rapid adsorption rate and magnetic properties that enable easy separation.

Removal of Rhodamine B dye by adsorption onto an eco-friendly zeolite and machine learning modeling

The present work aims to synthesize and characterize a zeolite doped with cobalt (ZO-Co) from such as rice husk, residual sludge and pumice stone for application in the removal of RhB dye by adsorption. Experimental design and machine learning were used to verify the ideal condition of RhB adsorption, as well, as ecotoxicity tests against Lactuca sativa L. seeds were carried out. ZO-Co showed diffraction peaks of the tsaregorodsevite phase, groups containing hydroxyl, silicates and aluminosilicates. The ideal condition by machine learning (ML) was [RhB] of = 130 mg/L, [ZO-Co] = 0.6 g/L, pH ≈ 7, and T = 298.15±2 K. The best experimental fit for the adsorption data was the isotherm of Khan (equilibrium) and Avrami (kinetic model), where the maximum adsorption capacity was 259.17 mg g−1 with 83.66 % of the RhB removal. It is noteworthy that in ecotoxicity tests ZO-Co showed root radicular growth of 29.74 mm in 7 days. Therefore, cobalt-doped ZO can be effectively used for the adsorption by organic pollutant RhB correlating topics of environment and nanotechnology.

Cobalt-doped Graphene-supported Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron: Removal of Rhodamine B solution and mechanistic study

nZVI materials loaded on GO have been applied to the treatment of difficult-to-degrade organics due to their higher electron transfer rate. However, cobalt doping of GO/nZVI composites and the effect of the doped materials on difficult-to-degrade organics are not known. In this work, Cobalt-doped Graphene-supported nanoscale Zero-valent Iron (GO/nZVI-Co) was successfully synthesized via the liquid-phase reduction-suspension self-assembly method, which was composited with theoretical mass ratio of GO:nZVI:Co = 1:2:0.08. And GO/nZVI-Co was used as efficient heterogeneous catalyst for degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) via H2O2. Characterization results show that nZVI and Co particles were successfully loaded on GO nanosheets increasing the dispersibility of particles. Under the optimal reaction conditions(the mass ratio of GO: nZVI = 1:2 and Co doping is less than 1/5), the RhB degradation rate was as high as 98.28 %. The degradation pathways of GO/nZVI-Co-HP system could better explained by the secondary kinetic model and GC–MS spectru. The main effect of cobalt doping in the GO/nZVI-Co-HP system is to increase the adsorption properties of the material on H2O2, and this facilitates the contact reaction of nZVI with H2O2. In this study, a GO/nZVI-Co material with improved electron transfer efficiency was prepared and its removal mechanism of pollutants was elucidated to provide relevant theoretical support for the treatment of difficult-to-degrade wastewater.

Brown TiO2-Based Fe–Ni Thiospinel Binary Nanocomposite as a Sustainable Catalyst with Synergistic Improvement Assisted by H2O2 and Ascorbic Acid for Round-the-Clock Removal of Rhodamine B

Brown TiO₂-Based Fe–Ni Thiospinel Binary Nanocomposite as a Sustainable Catalyst with Synergistic Improvement Assisted by H₂O₂ and Ascorbic Acid for Round-the-Clock Removal of Rhodamine B

Conversion of waste biomass to designed and tailored activated chars with valuable properties for adsorption and electrochemical applications.

Waste biomass, a renewable energy source, is inexpensive material that has great potential in sorption and electrochemical application. The selected waste materials (corncobs, coconut shells, walnuts, and pistachio husks) allow to close the production cycle and enable material recycling, which are important aspects in the hierarchy of waste management. The proposed methodology for production and activation of biochars can be used industrially due to highly porous structure, developed surface area, and sorption ability of the obtained activated carbons (AC). A significant increase (from 4 up to more than 10 times) in specific surface area (SSA) is observed for all samples after the CO2 activation process (0.5 h at 800 °C) up to 725 m2 g-1 for corncobs, 534.9 m2 g-1 for pistachio husks, 523 m2 g-1 for coconut shells, and 393 m2 g-1 for walnut husks. The highest value of SSA is achieved for the AC derived from corncobs. This material is evaluated for use as an adsorbent, revealing 99% removal of Rhodamine B (dye/AC ratio of 0.0017) and 69% removal of chromium (dye/AC ratio of 0.0028). Based on the adsorption kinetics analysis, it is demonstrated that the Cr(VI) undergoes physical adsorption, while RhB undergoes chemisorption. In addition, corncob-derived AC exhibits superior electrochemical performance in 6 M KOH compared to the nonactivated biochar. A specific capacitance of 70 F g-1 at 5 A g-1 is achieved, along with outstanding rate capability (45 F g-1 at 50 A g-1) and cycling stability (94% at 10 A g-1 after 10,000 cycles). In contrast, the nonactivated sample shows only 34 F g-1 at 5 A g-1 and 13 F g-1 at 50 A g-1, with a stability of 91.4%.

Preparation of Dopamine-Coated Polysulfone Membrane Functionalized by Au Nanoparticles and Removal of Rhodamine from Wastewater

Preparation of Dopamine-Coated Polysulfone Membrane Functionalized by Au Nanoparticles and Removal of Rhodamine from Wastewater