Removal Of Malachite Green Dye Research Articles

Comparison of effective removal of cationic malachite green dye from waste water with three different adsorbents: date palm, date palm biochar and phosphated biochar

ABSTRACT Adsorbents obtained from agricultural wastes attract attention because they are both effective, inexpensive and environmentally friendly. In this study, it was studied on the removal of malachite green (MG) from aqueous solutions by using date palm fronds (DPF), which are agricultural wastes, date biochar (DPC) obtained by pyrolysis and phosphated date biochar with the help of microwave pyrolysis (DPMW) as three different adsorbents. Characterisation of adsorbents was made by FTIR/ATR, SEM, TGA. According to the results of TGA, it was observed that thermal strengths decreased after adsorption. Adsorption studies were carried out at 25°C in isothermal environment at the pH of the natural dye solution. Adsorption data of date palm, biochar and phosphated biochar were evaluated according to Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R), Flory-Huggings (F-H) and Fowler-Frumkin-Guggenheim (FFG) isotherm models. Maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) according to Langmuir isotherm were found as 334 mg/g, 125 mg/g and 32 mg/g for date palm, biochar and phosphated biochar, respectively. The heat of adsorption calculated using the Temkin and Fowler – Frumkin-Guggenheim (FFG) isotherms is exothermic for date palm and biochar, while it is endothermic for phosphated biochar. It was observed that the adsorption mechanism energy E calculated in D-R and the B values calculated in Temkin were compatible and the adsorption was physical. According to these results, the most effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green from aqueous solutions is biochar, which is the pyrolysis product, while phosphated biochar is not very suitable.

Photocatalytic degradation of malachite green by waste derived bio-char impregnated Bi5O7Br/Fe3O4 magnetic composite

We report the fabrication of a novel waste-derived biochar-impregnated Bi5O7Br/Fe3O4 (WBF) magnetic composite for photocatalytic removal of malachite green pollutant. The newly prepared catalyst was applied for the removal of malachite green dye under visible light irradiation. It was found that the composite degrades 99.39% MG dye within 20 min of the experiment as compared to Bi5O7Br, Fe3O4, and biochar with 83.19%, 75.09%, and 55.47% in the 50-min experiment. The findings demonstrated that a photocatalytic integrated composite quickly transfers charges across surfaces and effectively separates electron-hole pairs, considerably increasing charge carrier separation and photocatalytic activity. Further, the kinetics show that the rate constant for WBF composite is 7.1 times higher than that observed for Bi5O7Br. Scavenging experiments reveal the huge role of.OH and •O2− radicals in malachite green degradation. Additionally, the magnetic nature of the catalyst ensures the easy separation of the catalyst during photocatlytic experiments and reduces the chance of secondary pollution. The results showed that integrating Bi5O7Br and biochar with Fe3O4 to create photocatalytic composites is a very efficient strategy to boost photocatalytic activity for environmental waste water treatment.

Adsorption performance and modelling of malachite green dye removal from aqueous solution using sulphuric acid–modified Ipomoea pes caprae biomass

Adsorption performance and modelling of malachite green dye removal from aqueous solution using sulphuric acid–modified Ipomoea pes caprae biomass

Isothermal and Kinetic Studies for the Removal of Malachite Green and Congo Red Dyes Using Wastes from Mining and Processing Perlite in Different Particle Sizes as Sustainable Adsorbents

Perlite waste materials with different particle sizes were evaluated as potential candidates for removing the malachite green (MG) and Congo red (CR) dyes from contaminated water. Two types of waste, referred to as coarse (CP) and fine (FP), with particle sizes of 0.075 mm, 0.045 mm, and 0.037 mm, were used. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption/desorption. The adsorption efficiency of MG and CR was investigated by varying the parameters of pH, contact time, and initial concentration. The reduction in particle size significantly influenced the removal of the CR dye, leading to an increase in the adsorption rate of 23.9% and 45.5% for CP and FP, respectively. Conversely, the adsorption of the MG dye on the residues was not affected by different particle sizes. CP and FP exhibited a removal rate exceeding 70% for both dyes. The adsorption of MG and CR on the wastes was well-described by the Sips isotherm model. The results of adsorption kinetics were best fit by the Elovich model. Perlite waste materials have demonstrated significant potential for the adsorptive remove of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solutions.

Magnetic hydrochar grafted-chitosan for enhanced efficient adsorption of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions: Modeling, adsorption behavior, and mechanism analysis

Water pollution by organic dyes is one of the most serious environmental problems worldwide. Malachite green (MG) is considered as one the serious organic dyes which is discharged in wastewater by leather and textile manufacturing plants. MG dye can cause severe hazards to the environment and human health. Therefore, the removal of MG dye from wastewater is very important and essential. This study aims to synthesize a new magnetic hydrochar grafted to chitosan (MWSHC@CS) for the removal of MG dye from the aqueous solutions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, and Zeta potential analysis were used to characterize the synthesized MWSHC@CS. Batch experiments were conducted to optimize MG dye adsorption conditions, including adsorbent mass, pH, temperature, initial concentration, and contact time. The results revealed that MWSHC@CS had an excellent removal efficiency (96.47 %) for MG dye at the optimum condition (at m: 20 mg, pH: 7.5, t: 420 min, and T: 298 K). Adsorption isotherms outcomes revealed the MG adsorption data were best fit by the Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity (420.02 mg/g). Adsorption kinetics outcomes exhibited that the adsorption process of MG dye fitted well to the Elovich model. The thermodynamic results revealed that the adsorption process was physical, exothermic, and spontaneous. The adsorption mechanisms of MG onto MWSHC@CS were hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, and π-π interactions. Furthermore, MWSHC@CS showed excellent reusability for the removal of MG over five cycles of adsorption-desorption (83.76 %). In conclusion, the study provides a new, low-cost, and effective magnetic nanocomposite based on chitosan as a promising adsorbent for the high-performance removal of MG dye from aqueous solutions.

Investigation of the usability of the electrocoagulation method in malachite green removal from water solution

In this study, the removal of Malachite Green dye in synthetically prepared aqueous solution by electrocoagulation process was investigated. In the study, initial dye concentration, electrolyte amount, mixing speed, current density, electrolysis time, pH value, and distance between electrodes parameters that affect the removal efficiency of the electrocoagulation method were investigated. As a result of the study, optimum parameters were found as an initial dye concentration of 200 mg/L, electrolyte amount of 150 mg/L, stirring speed of 100 rpm, current density of 8 mA/cm2, pH 4.5 value, the distance between electrodes 1 cm, and electrolysis time 20 min. 93.6% color removal efficiency and 37.5% COD removal were obtained under optimum conditions.

Synthesis of Datura inoxia-added iron nanoparticle adsorbent for malachite green dye removal

Synthesis of Datura inoxia-added iron nanoparticle adsorbent for malachite green dye removal

Fabrication of core–shell Fe3O4@polypyrrole@sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate composite for high-performance adsorption of methylene blue and malachite green in water

In this study, a novel composite material with a core–shell structure, Fe3O4@PPy@SDBS, was synthesized through a combination of hydrothermal, in situ polymerization, and surface modification methods. The primary objective was the removal of methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) dyes from aqueous solutions. The influence of adsorbent type, time, initial adsorbent concentration, and temperature on the adsorption behavior of MB and MG was comprehensively investigated. The experimental results revealed that the adsorption kinetics of both MB and MG adhered to the pseudo-second order kinetic model, while the isotherm data were best described by the Langmuir isotherm model. Furthermore, the adsorption process exhibited characteristics of a spontaneous heat-driven reaction. The maximum adsorption capacities were determined as 124.07 mg/g for MB and 73.10 mg/g for MG, respectively. Remarkably, even after undergoing five desorption-adsorption cycles, the removal efficiencies for MB and MG remained above 80% and 90% respectively. These promising outcomes were attributed to the collaborative effects of electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and π-π interactions mediated by PPy and SDBS, in addition to the magnetic properties imparted by Fe3O4. Consequently, the Fe3O4@PPy@SDBS composite exhibited high potential as a proficient and reusable adsorbent. Beyond its efficient removal capabilities, the incorporation of magnetic properties and diverse adsorption mechanisms within these composites presents compelling opportunities for advancements in adsorption and separation processes.

Malachite green dye adsorption from wastewater using pine gum-based hydrogel: Kinetic and thermodynamic studies

In this study, a novel Pn-g-poly(AAm) hydrogel was synthesized via free radical polymerization, using pine gum as the backbone material and polyacrylamide as the monomer. By employing response surface methodology and central composite design, various process parameters were optimized, achieving an optimum 1325 % maximum swelling. The optimized quantities were 0.085 g of initiator, 1.4 g of monomer, 0.013 g of crosslinker, and 14 ml of solvent. The physio-chemical characterizations were conducted using XRD, FE-SEM, FTIR, BET, and TGA. BET analysis showed a specific surface area of 34.973 m²/g and a pore volume of 0.104 cc/g. In adsorption studies, the highest removal (97 %) of malachite green (MG) dye was observed at pH 7, a temperature of 25 °C, a contact time of 5 h and 30 min, an adsorbent dose of 0.08 g, a dye concentration of 50 mg/L, and a shaking speed of 150 rpm. The adsorption data followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 120.772 mg g−1. Furthermore, thermodynamic studies yielded ΔH° at 106.123 KJ/mol and ΔS° at 382.618 J/mol. These results collectively demonstrate the potential of this adsorbent for effectively treating industrial wastewater pollutants.

Adsorptive removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution by ion exchange resins

Adsorptive removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution by ion exchange resins

Adsorptive removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution using Rumex abyssinicus derived activated carbon

The potential for malachite green dye saturated effluent to severely affect the environment and human health has prompted the search for effective treatment technologies. Thus, this study was conducted with the goal of developing activated carbon from Rumex abyssinicus for the adsorptive removal of malachite green dye from an aqueous solution. Unit operations such as drying, size reduction, impregnation with H3PO4, and thermal activation were used during the preparation of the activated carbon. An experiment was designed considering four main variables at their respective three levels: initial dye concentration (50, 100, and 150 mg/L), pH (3, 6, and 9), contact period (20, 40, and 60 min), and adsorbent dosage (0.05, 0.01, and 0.15 g/100 mL). Optimization of the batch adsorption process was carried out using the Response Surface methodology's Box Behnken approach. The characterization of the activated carbon was described by SEM for surface morphology with cracks and highly porous morphology, FTIR for multi-functional groups O–H at 3506.74 cm−1 and 3290.70 cm−1, carbonyl group stretching from aldehyde and ketone (1900–1700 cm−1), stretching motion of aromatic ring C=C (1543.12 cm−1), stretching motion of –C–H (1500–1200 cm−1), vibrational and stretching motion of –OH (1250.79 cm−1), and vibrational motion of C–O–C (1049.32 cm−1), pHpzc of 5.1, BET for the specific surface area of 962.3 m2/g, and XRD for the presence of amorphous structure. The maximum and minimum dye removal efficiencies of 99.9% and 62.4% were observed at their respective experimental conditions of (100 mg/L, 0.10 mg/100 mL, pH 6, and 40 min) and (100 mg/L, 0.15 mg/100 mL, pH 3, and 20 min), respectively. Langmuir, Freundlich, Toth, and Koble-Corrigan models were used to evaluate the experimental data, in which Koble-Corrigan model was found to be the best fit with the highest value of R2 0.998. In addition to this, the kinetic studies were undertaken using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion, and Boyd models, and as a result, the pseudo-second-order model proved to have a better fit among the kinetic models. The kinetics and isotherm analysis revealed that the nature of the adsorption to be homogenous and monolayer surfaces driven by chemosorption. Furthermore, the thermodynamics study revealed the nature of adsorption to be feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic. On the other hand, the reusability study depicted the fact that the adsorbent can be utilized for five cycles with a negligible drop in the removal efficiencies from 99.9 to 95.2%. Finally, the low-cost, environmentally benign, and high adsorption capacity of the adsorbent material derived from Rumex abyssinicus stem could be used to treat industrial effluents.

Removal of malachite green dye by sodium dodecyl sulfate modified bentonite clay: Kinetics, thermodynamics and isotherm modeling

Adsorption of malachite green (MG) onto sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) modified bentonite clay (MBC) was investigated. MBC was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermos-gravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) Sorptometer. According to XRD analysis, the interlayer distance d-spacing increases from 1.2496 nm to 1.4000 nm after modification of bentonite clay (BC). TGA analysis suggests that the residual mass at 1198.4 °C is 92.74% which indicates that the MBC adsorbent is thermodynamically stable. BET analysis confirms that surface area decreases from 22.87 m2/g to 20.13 m2/g after modification. TEM, EDS and XPS analysis confirm the adsorption of MG onto MBC. The efficiency of this adsorbent for the uptake of MG was investigated using batch adsorption technique at various contact times, pHs, dye concentration, temperature, particle size, concentration of competitive ion and adsorbent dosage. Adsorption capacity rises as contact time, starting dye concentration and temperature increase, while decreasing when the particle size and competing ion concentration increase. The adsorption process follows the pseudo second order kinetics model over the pseudo first order kinetics model and the Elovich kinetics model. Compared to the Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models, the Langmuir isotherm model provides greater insight into the adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity, qm was 1988.387 mg/g at optimum conditions (45 °C, pH 10, contact time 180 min, adsorbent dosage 200 mg/L) which was calculated from the Langmuir isotherm model. Negative values of free energy change, ΔG (−2.8464 kJ/mol at 30 °C) indicated spontaneity of the adsorption of MG onto MBC and The process is endothermic, as suggested by positive values of the heat of adsorption, ΔH (5.6514 kJ/mol). The value of activation energy (Ea = 9.7956 KJ/mol) and the estimated average free energy of adsorption (E < 8) supported that the adsorption process is physisorption.

Electrocapacitive removal of malachite green and methylene blue using green-synthesized NiBi2O4 nanospinels

Bismuth based spinels are new spinels which possess special features for advanced material applications. In this study, NiBi2O4 was synthesized through a green sol-gel method using plant extract reductant for capacitive removal of malachite green dye. Parameters like effect of concentration, applied voltage, electrode spacing, and cycle were investigated. The NiBi2O4 spinel showed 91 % malachite green removal and followed the Elovich model at R2 of 0.99413. This confirms that the capacitive removal is chemisorption and depends on surface chemistry of the green NiBi2O4. This work confirms that high temperature destabilizes the surface chemistry of green bismuth-based spinels. XRD confirms the NiBi2O4 crystallized as a cubic spinel, the FTIR confirms the presence of Bi2O3 octahedron and NiO tetrahedron. XPS confirms Bi 2p1/2 and 2p3/2 at 798 and 776 eV respectively. Over the first five cycles, a charge capacitance and charge recovery kept at 214 to 212 and 99 to 97 % respectively confirms its capacitive stability over the spinels that were prepared at higher temperatures. The green NiBi2O4 spinels also showed 83 % removal efficiency for malachite green and methylene blue binary mixtures in the presence of an acidified iodine ion carrier. This work shows that green NiBi2O4 maintains good structural stability and shows good capacitive behavior at room temperature than spinels synthesized at higher temperatures.

Efficient removal of malachite green dye onto nickel oxide-based adsorbent: experimental and theoretical approaches

Efficient removal of malachite green dye onto nickel oxide-based adsorbent: experimental and theoretical approaches

BiOCl/SrHA nanoparticle for photocatalytic degradation of a malachite green dye

In this research, we discuss the removal of malachite green dye by strontium hydroxyapatite supported BiOCl. A modified hydrolysis model, one can synthesise BiOCl/SrHA. BiOCl/SrHA was characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible (UV-vis) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy diffraction X-ray (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM outcome confirmed the dispersion of BiOCl onto strontium hydroxyapatite. The shape of the BiOCl catalytic samples overlapped with each other to form 3D hierarchical flower-like structures. The UV-visible was used as a radiation source during photocatalysis. BiOCl/SrHA had an effect on malachite green dye degradation. The oxidative removal occurred through hydroxyl radical formation. UV-visible (UV-vis) /BiOCl/SrHA showed perfect photocatalytic property for the decay of malachite green (MG) from an aqueous solution. According to kinetics analysis, the dye degradation rates could be in a pseudo-first-order model.

Amine-Terminated Modified Succinic Acid-Magnetite Nanoparticles for Effective Removal of Malachite Green Dye from Aqueous Environment

In this study, amine-terminated succinic acid-modified magnetic nanoparticles (MSA@TEPA) have been successfully synthesized using a facile two-step procedure as a new effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green from aqueous solutions. The MSA@TEPA was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The parameters influencing the adsorption capacity of MSA@TEPA, such as pH (3–8), contact time (t: 5–480 min), initial concentrations of MG dye (Co: 20–200 mg/L), and adsorbent mass (0.05–0.5 g), were evaluated. It was observed that, under specified experimental conditions (Co: 25 mg/L, pH: 7.1, T: 298 K, agitation rate: 100 rpm, and t: 420 min), the MSA@TEPA nanocomposite exhibits excellent adsorption efficiency (97.74%) for MG dye. The adsorption kinetics follow the PSO model, and the equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir isotherm with a maximum adsorption capacity of up to 282.65 mg/g. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process of MG dye was an exothermic process. After five consecutive cycles, MSA@TEPA nanocomposite still show good adsorption efficiency for MG dye. It is assumed that, because of the presence of amine group, adsorption mainly occurred through electrostatic interaction and H-bonding. In conclusion, the study shows a new and effective adsorbent with high adsorptive capacity, easy magnetic separation using an external magnetic field, and reusability for MG dye elimination from aqueous solutions.

Influence of the prepared activated carbon on cellulose acetate for malachite green dye removal from aqueous solution

Guava (Psidium guajava) seeds were used for the preparation of activated carbon (AC) activated using zinc chloride (GCZ36), phosphoric acid (GCH36), potassium hydroxide (GCK36), and one other sample was prepared without activation (GC36), carbonized for 3 h at 600 °C. They were added to cellulose acetate to form hybrid membranes (Ms) using the phase inversion technique. The prepared AC was characterized by % ash content, % weight loss on drying, nitrogen adsorption isotherm, TEM, and XRD. FTIR and SEM were used for the ACs and Ms. GCK36 sample exhibited a higher surface area (905.27 m2/g) and total pore volume (0.5360 mL/g). The hybrid membranes were used to remove malachite green dye (MG) from wastewater. The effect of initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH, and contact time were studied. Pseudo-first-, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion rate equations were proposed and the kinetic data were analyzed. Maximum adsorption capacity (31.82 mg/g) was achieved after 100 min, at pH 6 and 0.25% AC. The adsorption capacity of the cellulose acetate membrane was increased by 111.7% using the prepared activated carbon. The results indicated the chemisorption process and the adsorption was fitted to Langmuir > Freundlich > Tempkin due to R2 values.Graphical abstractSchematic diagram of preparation of a composite membrane of cellulose acetate and guava seeds activated carbon

Significant photocatalytic decomposition of malachite green dye in aqueous solutions utilizing facilely synthesized barium titanate nanoparticles

The release of malachite green dye into water sources has detrimental effects on the liver, kidneys, and respiratory system. Additionally, this dye can impede photosynthesis and disrupt the growth and development of plants. As a result, in this study, barium titanate nanoparticles (BaTiO3) were facilely synthesized using the Pechini sol–gel method at 600 °C (abbreviated as EA600) and 800 °C (abbreviated as EA800) for the efficient removal of malachite green dye from aqueous media. The Pechini sol–gel method plays a crucial role in the production of barium titanate nanoparticles due to its simplicity and ability to precisely control the crystallite size. The synthesized barium titanate nanoparticles were characterized by several instruments, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and a diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer. The XRD analysis confirmed that the mean crystallite size of the EA600 and EA800 samples is 14.83 and 22.27 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the HR-TEM images confirmed that the EA600 and EA800 samples exhibit irregular and polyhedral structures, with mean diameters of 45.19 and 72.83 nm, respectively. Additionally, the synthesized barium titanate nanoparticles were utilized as catalysts for the effective photocatalytic decomposition of malachite green dye in aqueous media. About 99.27 and 93.94% of 100 mL of 25 mg/L malachite green dye solution were decomposed using 0.05 g of the EA600 and EA800 nanoparticles within 80 min, respectively. The effectiveness of synthesized BaTiO3 nanoparticles as catalysts stems from their unique characteristics, including small crystallite sizes, a low rate of hole/electron recombination owing to ferroelectric properties, high chemical stability, and the ability to be regenerated and reused multiple times without any loss in efficiency.

Response surface methodology-based modeling and optimization of fenugreek gum-based hydrogel for efficient removal of malachite green dye

This research work describes the synthesis of a fenugreek gum (FG)-based hydrogel (FG-g-poly(AAm)) via free radical polymerization for the removal of malachite green (MG) dye from an aqueous solution. The effects of various parameters such as backbone amount, initiator, monomer, cross-linker, and solvent on the percentage swelling were investigated using a 2-level-5-factor central composite half fraction design as an experimental design for response surface methodology. The model was found to be significant with a maximum percentage swelling of 1360%. The formation of a crosslinked network was validated by FTIR, TGA, XRD, BET, and FE-SEM characterization techniques. The surface area and average pore radius of the prepared FG-g-poly(AAm) were found to be 0.695 m2/g and 18.124 Å, respectively. The synthesized FG-g-poly(AAm) hydrogel was examined for the adsorption of MG dye from an aqueous solution as a function of time, pH, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, and temperature. The prepared hydrogel showed a maximum sorption capacity of 585 mg/g, as confirmed by pseudo-2nd-order kinetic and Langmuir adsorption models, revealing adsorption's chemisorption nature. The positive values of ΔHo and ΔSo showed that an endothermic process accompanied the adsorption process and had an affinity for dye molecules. The synthesized hydrogel can be used as a candidate for cationic dye removal.

WITHDRAWN: Multifunctional poly-(Acrylamide-acrylic acid)/sesbania gum/bentonite hydrogel composite for removal of methylene blue and malachite green dyes from water

WITHDRAWN: Multifunctional poly-(Acrylamide-acrylic acid)/sesbania gum/bentonite hydrogel composite for removal of methylene blue and malachite green dyes from water