Removal Of Impurities Research Articles

Efficient separation and selective Li recycling of spent LiFePO4 cathode

Given the fast-growing demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and the upcoming climax of LIB retirement, efficient recycling of spent LIBs has shown increasing importance in both economic benefit and environmental conservation. The LIBs with LiFePO4 (LFP) cathodes account for half of the LIB market, so developing an appropriate recycling way for spent LFP (SLFP) batteries is imperative. In this work, a closed-loop regeneration of SLFP cathodes is proposed, in which a facile cold stimulation route is invented to peel the SLFP layer from Al foil, and then Li and Fe elements are selectively and efficiently extracted from the peeling SLFP layer under mild conditions based on an oxidant of NaClO. The leaching rate of elemental Li could reach 98.3%, and the regenerated LFP synthesized by recovered Li2CO3 and FePO4 shows exceptional performance with a discharge capacity of 162.6 mAh g-1 at 0.5 C. This regeneration route has greatly reduced the use of chemical reagents, shortened the process of impurity removal, and, therefore, realized the closed-loop regeneration of SLFP batteries.

PURIFICATION OF LIQUIDS IMPURITIES BY ELECTROMAGNETIC INFLUENCE

The importance of liquid purification leads to a decrease in the concentration of pollutants mainly in the stream during its use. This paper analyzes the relevance of document verification in accordance with existing legislation. An analysis of actual physical and chemical methods of liquid purification was carried out. The creation of a working chamber for the grouping of impurities for liquid purification is described. The result was achieved by electromagnetic influence on charged impurities. The scientific news of the study of the creation of a paraboloid of rotation of impurities has been created. The principle of operation of the cleaning system is shown on the example of the grouping of oil and water impurities. Research results show the possibility of liquid purification by controlling the trajectory of impurities. The work uses the Dini equation (Italian: Ulisse Dini) to describe the mathematical model of the grouping of impurities. A model of the trajectory of impurities in the LabVIEW shell was created. The possibility of further purification of the liquid by the method of electromagnetic grouping and subsequent removal of impurities from the flow was verified. The study takes place in the installation of inductance coils on the outer surface of the impurity grouping chamber. The trajectory of the movement of impurities in the magnetic field is determined. The electromagnetic influence on the charged impurities changes their trajectory and causes the impurities to move along the Larmor radius. When the magnitude of the electromagnetic field increases, the speed of movement of the impurity increases, and the radius of motion of the impurity decreases. It has been proven that impurities with a lower density are better concentrated in the center of the RKG. The parameters of the coils for creating an electromagnetic field are selected. The model of the rotation of oil impurities in the driver is reproduced on the model. The change in the specific conductivity of the water medium with increasing magnetic field induction was verified. At the first stage, we offer the construction of a stand for further purification of liquid by the method of electromagnetic grouping of impurities. Practical recommendations are given for achieving the efficiency of the electromagnetic method of liquid purification and its reuse.

Adsorption behaviors for clathrate hydrates of CO2 with mixed gases

Here, the preference and adsorption capacities of guest molecules in the sI and sII hydrate of water cages when CO2 + H2S, CO2 + SO2 and CO2 + N2O gas mixture form hydrates are simulated by using grand canonical Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics hybrid simulations method. The results indicate that SO2 prefers to occupy large cages, H2S prefers small cages for CO2 + H2S and CO2 + SO2 and N2O exhibits little preference between small or large or cages of CO2 + N2O sI hydrates, respectively. The abundance ratio shows hydrate can effectively achieve the separation of flue gases. Moreover, the thermodynamics calculation results show that the impurity gases H2S, SO2 and N2O favors the formation of CO2 hydrate. The stability CO2 + H2S, CO2 + SO2 and CO2 + N2O sI hydrates is higher compared to the stability of sII hydrates. The phase equilibrium analysis provides clear evidence that enclathration of H2S and SO2 molecules into the water cages of the hydrate structure plays a crucial role in stabilizing the hydrate lattices. The findings of this study suggest that removal of certain flue gas impurities is not required during the replacement of CH4 in hydrate form with the CO2 gas. The current investigation provides theoretical background for executing replacement of CH4 in hydrate form with the CO2 gas.

Synthesis, morphology and dye removal studies of ternary hydrogels bearing carboxymethyl cellulose, chitosan and glutamic acid

Ternary polysaccharide-based hydrogel of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with chitosan (CHT) and L-Glutamic acid (GLU) was synthesized using ZnCl2 as a cross-linker. The feasibility of this ternary engineered hydrogel in removing the acidic dye (Methyl Orange) and basic dye (Amido Black-10B) by the adsorption process from contaminated water was explored. Initially binary blends of CMC and CHT were synthesized bearing different ratios to ascertain the best mixing ratio and subsequently from the best selected ratio (CC-1), another binary blend (CC-Z) was prepared by adding ZnCl2. Lastly, the ternary hydrogel was synthesized using CMC-CHT-GLU with and without chemical cross-linker abbreviated as CCG-Zn and CCG respectively. All four samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powdered X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV-visible spectroscopy. Swelling properties of these hydrogels were studied in demineralised water (DMW), and CCG-Zn gave best results. Adsorption behaviour of CCG-Zn was analyzed in acidic, basic buffer and neutral solution to check its suitability towards different pH environments. Moreover, absorbance of dye-contaminated solutions (treated with CCG-Zn) was measured using UV-visible spectroscopy to determine the removal efficiency (R) and adsorption capacity (q) in mg/g. It was observed that CCG-Zn is suitable for efficient removal of basic dye from aqueous solution and this ternary hydrogel may be effectively used for the large scale removal of cationic impurities.

Mg-incorporated sorbent for efficient removal of trace CO from H2 gas

Removal of trace CO impurities is an essential step in the utilization of Hydrogen as a clean energy source. While various solutions are currently employed to address this challenge, there is an urgent need to improve their efficiency. Here, we show that a bead-structured Mg, Cu, and Ce-based sorbent, Mg13CuCeOx, demonstrates superior removal capacity of trace CO from H2 with high stability. The incorporation of Mg boosts sorption performance by enhancing the porous structure and Cu+ surface area. Remarkably, compared to existing pelletized sorbents, Mg13CuCeOx exhibits 15.5 to 50 times greater equilibrium capacity under pressures below 10 Pa CO and 31 times longer breakthrough time in removing 50 ppm CO in H2. Energy-efficient oxidative regeneration using air at 120 °C allows its stable sorption performance over 20 cycles. Through in-situ DRIFTS analysis, we elucidate the reaction mechanism that Mg augments the surface OH groups, promoting the formation of bicarbonate and formate species. This study highlights the potential of MgCuCeOx sorbents in advancing the hydrogen economy by effectively removing trace CO from H2.

Advanced control strategies for continuous capture of monoclonal antibodies based upon biolayer interferometry.

The semi and fully continuous production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has been gaining traction as a lower cost, and efficient production of mAbs to broaden patient access. To be truly flexible and adaptive to process demands, the industry has lacked sufficient advanced control strategies. The variation of the upstream product concentration typically cannot be handled by the downstream capture step, which is configured for a constant feed concentration and fixed binding capacity. This inflexibility leads to losses of efficiency and product yield. This study shows that these challenges can be overcome by a novel advanced control strategy concept that includes dynamic control throughout a perfusion bioreactor, with cell retention by alternating tangential flow, integrated with simulated moving bed (SMB) multi-column chromatography. The automation workflow and advanced control strategy were implemented through the use of a visual programming development environment. This enabled dynamic flow control across the upstream and downstream process integrated with a dynamic column loading of the SMB. A sensor prototype, based on continuous biolayer interferometry measurements was applied to detect mAb breakthrough within the last column flow-through to manage column switching. This novel approach provided higher specificity and lower background signal compared to commonly used spectroscopy methods, resulting in an optimized resin utilization while simultaneously avoiding product loss. The dynamic loading was found to provide a twofold increase of the mAb concentration in the eluate compared to a conservative approach with a predefined recipe with similar impurity removal. This concept shows that advanced control strategies can lead to significant process efficiency and yield improvement.

Evading the refining-induced trade-off between performance enhancement and alloy composition deviation in Fe-based amorphous alloys

Understanding the slag-metal reactions in Fe-based amorphous alloys is of paramount importance to evade the refining-induced trade-off between performance enhancement and alloy composition deviation. In this study, the B2O3 and B2O3–CaO slags refining-induced alloy composition deviation was theoretically and experimentally verified in Fe83Si2B12P3 (at.%) amorphous alloy, and a quaternary SiO2–B2O3–CaO–Al2O3 slag suitable for FeSiBP amorphous alloy was designed after the careful calculation of slag-metal equilibrium, slag viscosity and melting point. After refining with simple B2O3 and B2O3–CaO slags, the enrichment of B element and depletion of Si element in the FeSiBP amorphous alloy was confirmed due to the oxidation of constituent Si element and the reduction of B2O3 in the slag. The refining-induced alloy composition deviation can be effectively alleviated by using our designed slags, and the 20%SiO2–55%B2O3–10%CaO–15%Al2O3 (wt.%) slag is effective in removing the impurities and enhancing the glass-forming ability (GFA). In terms of the removal of impurities, the high activity of B2O3 in slag is crucial for the oxidation and removal of Mn, Al, Ti impurities. These results are quite vital for the design of refining slags suitable for Fe-based amorphous alloys and pave the way for the large-scale production of high-performance soft magnetic materials.

Efficiently regenerating spent lithium battery graphite anode materials through heat treatment processes for impurity dissipation and crystal structure repair

The recovery of graphite materials from spent lithium-ion batteries plays a crucial role in mitigating graphite shortages, achieving environmental protection, and promoting sustainable development. This paper conducts heat treatment regeneration experiments of spent graphite at temperatures ranging from 2000 °C to 2800 °C. By analyzing the dissipation of impurities, the changing pattern of impurity content in the spent graphite anode during the heat treatment was elucidated. Simultaneously, through XRD and Raman analysis, the evolution process of carbon atom graphitization at high temperatures was revealed. The results indicate that as the temperature increases, it is beneficial for impurity removal and graphite crystal structure repair. After assembling the battery, RG-2800 exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, with an initial charge capacity of 346.3 mAh/g, a first coulombic efficiency of up to 88.8 %. Through this method, the efficiency of regenerating graphite materials will be further improved, providing more possibilities for the development of the green energy sector.

A two-step purification platform for efficient removal of Fab-related impurities: A case study for Ranibizumab

Antibodies (mAbs) and antibody fragments (Fabs) constitute one of the largest and most rapidly expanding groups of protein pharmaceuticals. In particular, antibody fragments have certain advantages over mAbs in some therapeutic settings. However, due to their greater chemical diversity, they are more challenging to purify for large-scale production using a standard purification platform. Besides, the removal of Fab-related byproducts poses a difficult purification challenge. Alternative Fab purification platforms could expedite their commercialization and reduce the cost and time invested. Accordingly, we employed a strong cation exchanger using a pH-based, highly linear gradient elution mode following Protein L affinity purification and developed a robust two-step purification platform for an antibody fragment. The optimized pH gradient elution conditions were determined on the basis of purity level, yield, and the abundance of Fab-related impurities, particularly free light chain. The purified Fab molecule Ranibizumab possessed a high degree of similarity to its originator Lucentis. The developed purification platform highly intensified the process and provided successful clearance of formulated Fab- and process-related impurities (∼98 %) with an overall process recovery of 50 % and, thus, might be a new option for Fab purification for both academic and industrial purposes.

К РАЗРАБОТКЕ ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫХ РАБОЧИХ ОРГАНОВ К СОВРЕМЕННОМУ ПРОТРАВЛИВАТЕЛЮ СЕМЯН ЗЕРНОВЫХ ДЛЯ ИХ ОЧИСТКИ ОТ ПЫЛИ И ПРИМЕСИ

The qualitative indicators of seed dressing in the pre-sowing autumn or spring periods depend on the degree of their contamination with impurities. The essence of the presented development is aimed at improving the technological process and working parts of modern seed treaters, ensuring the removal of dust and impurities from their flow when entering from the loading inclined auger into the bunker, by supplying and placing above it a receiving dust-air chamber in the form of a tetrahedral regular pyramid with oval corners. The pyramid is connected through a window to a loading auger and windows placed on two opposite side faces with sockets built into them - air intake and dust intake, connected by an elastic sleeve to a cyclone attached to the side of the hopper. Its upper part is connected through an air duct to an electric exhaust fan, and the lower part is connected to a removable dust collector. The degree of cleaning of seeds from dust and impurities in this position before they enter the dressing chamber promotes the penetration of drugs into the inside of the seed and, accordingly, increases their germination and the yield of the cultivated crop by 15-20%. In addition, the machine is easy to use both during operation and during maintenance in general, including storage.

A novel process for directional impurity removal and preparation of front-end high-purity antimony from crude antimony

Aiming to separate the trace impurities in crude antimony and to provide a foundation for the preparation of front-end high-purity antimony, two processes of low temperature-high temperature vacuum distillation (LHVD) and high temperature-low temperature vacuum distillation (HLVD) were performed for the deep purification of crude antimony. The removal rates of Bi, Zn, and Cd from products using LHVD were 77.20 %, 34.78 %, and 27.82 %, respectively, under the optimal conditions of 1–10 Pa, a holding time of 90 min, a low-temperature stage of 873 K, and a high-temperature stage of 923 K. The content of impurities in antimony was 39 ppm, and samples with antimony content 9999.61 ppm were obtained. The removal rates of Bi, Zn, and Cd from products using HLVD were 43.89 %, 83.51 %, and 56.21 %, respectively, under the optimal conditions of 1–10 Pa, a holding time of 90 min, a high-temperature stage of 923 K, and a low-temperature stage of 873 K. The impurity content in antimony was 52.94 ppm, and samples with antimony content 9999.47 ppm were obtained. The trace impurities in crude antimony can be effectively removed via a two-stage vacuum distillation. This study provides a reference for the deep purification and front-end preparation of high-purity antimony.

Enrichment and separation of recombinant adeno-associated virus particles by aqueous two-phase extraction

The adeno-associated virus (AAV) has been widely employed as a popular gene therapy vector. However, current methods for its separation and purification exhibit numerous limitations. In this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG)/salt aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) was utilized as an efficient and environmentally-benign approach to separate AAV. The separation efficiency of AAV particles from other cellular components was investigated using various ATPS compositions. The effects of PEG molecular weight, types of phase-forming salts, and concentrations of different components were tested and compared. The optimal separation conditions were determined to be 17 % (w/w) PEG 600, 16 % (w/w) sodium citrate, and 15 % (w/w) crude cell lysate. The AAV particles were predominantly enriched in the interphase, while the impurities were observed in the top and bottom phases. High AAV recovery (>99 %) and efficient impurity removal (>95 %) were achieved. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize and verify the separated AAV particles. The results indicated that aqueous two-phase extraction possesses a robust capability for the enrichment and separation of AAV particles directly from crude cell lysates, and it shows promising potential for the separation of other viral particles.

Tailoring stimuli-responsive PVDF-based copolymer membrane with engineered pore structure for efficient antibody purification

Membrane chromatography is considered as a sustainable alternative for downstream purification to overcome the production bottleneck of biopharmaceuticals. However, two of the major factors impeding its industrial adoption are the lack of controllable functionalization and competitive binding capacity. This work aimed to develop a one-pot synthesis strategy for fabricating a new class of pH-responsive poly(vinylidene fluoride)-graft-poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PVDF-g-PDMAEMA) membranes with anion exchangers, to achieve fast and accurate removal of albumin impurities from antibody streams. By utilizing a pre-functionalized copolymer with controlled ligand density, PVDF-g-PDMAEMA membranes with advantageous bicontinuous pore network structure were obtained via an unconventional nonsolvent thermally induced phase separation method. The membrane showed a competitive water permeance of > 6000 L m-2h−1 bar−1. Combining with dedicated static binding and isotherm studies, the membranes demonstrated distinct pH-responsive binding behaviour to model impurity bovine serum albumin (BSA) with maximal binding of 318.0 mg/g at pH 5.5. The dynamic flow-through binding experiments indicated that the membrane could effectively capture BSA from immunoglobulin G (IgG) (model antibody)/BSA mixed solution with a competitive binding capacity of 210.5 mg/g, producing IgG with purity > 90 % and nearly full recovery. Also, comprehensive analysis demonstrated the robustness of the membrane performance through five consecutive operation cycles, with or without harsh alkaline regeneration. The biocompatibility analysis further proved the membranes’ suitability in biopharmaceutical applications. This study provided a new route for designing future chromatographic membranes to promote its industrial uptake, pushing for energy-saving and effective downstream bioprocessing.

Enhancing Clarity and Quality: The Role of Clarifying Agents in Horticulture Foods and Formulations

This abstract explores the multifaceted role of clarifying agents in the realm of horticultural foods and their vital functions within formulations. Clarifying agents serve as essential tools in the food industry, aiding in the removal of impurities, cloudiness, and undesirable particles from fruit juices, wines, and various horticultural products. These agents are instrumental in enhancing the visual appeal and quality of these products, improving their marketability. The uses of clarifying agents extend beyond aesthetics; they play a crucial role in stabilizing formulations, preventing sedimentation, and preserving the natural flavors and nutritional value of horticultural foods. Additionally, clarifying agents contribute to product consistency and shelf-life extension, ensuring a consistent and appealing product for consumers. This abstract delves into the diverse types of clarifying agents employed in horticulture and their specific functions within various formulations. It highlights their significance in maintaining product integrity and meeting consumer preferences for clear, visually appealing, and high-quality horticultural foods.

Rational Design of Porous Ionic Liquids for Coupling Natural Gas Purification with Waste Gas Conversion

AbstractRemoval of trace impurities for natural gas purification coupled with waste gas conversion is highly desired in industry. We here report a type of porous ionic liquids (PILs) that can realize the continuous flow separation of CH4/CO2/H2S and the conversion of the captured H2S to useful products. The PILs are synthesized through a step‐by‐step surface modification of ionic liquids (ILs) onto UiO‐66‐OH nanocrystals. The introduction of free tertiary amine groups on the nanocrystal surface endows these PILs with an exceptional ability to enrich H2S from CO2 and CH4 with impressive selectivity, while the permanent pores of UiO‐66‐OH act as containers to store an exceptionally higher amount of the selectively captured H2S than the corresponding nonporous ILs. Simultaneously, the tertiary amines as dual functional moieties offer effective catalytic sites for the conversion of the H2S stored in PILs into 3‐mercaptoisobutyric acid, a key intermediate required for the synthesis of Captopril (an antihypertensive drug). Molecular dynamics, density functional theory calculations and Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations help understand both the mechanisms of separation and catalysis performance, confirming that the tertiary amines as well as the permanent pores in UiO‐66‐OH play vital roles in the whole procedure.

Rational Design of Porous Ionic Liquids for Coupling Natural Gas Purification with Waste Gas Conversion.

Removal of trace impurities for natural gas purification coupled with waste gas conversion is highly desired in industry. We here report a type of porous ionic liquids (PILs) that can realize the continuous flow separation of CH4 /CO2 /H2 S and the conversion of the captured H2 S to useful products. The PILs are synthesized through a step-by-step surface modification of ionic liquids (ILs) onto UiO-66-OH nanocrystals. The introduction of free tertiary amine groups on the nanocrystal surface endows these PILs with an exceptional ability to enrich H2 S from CO2 and CH4 with impressive selectivity, while the permanent pores of UiO-66-OH act as containers to store an exceptionally higher amount of the selectively captured H2 S than the corresponding nonporous ILs. Simultaneously, the tertiary amines as dual functional moieties offer effective catalytic sites for the conversion of the H2 S stored in PILs into 3-mercaptoisobutyric acid, a key intermediate required for the synthesis of Captopril (an antihypertensive drug). Molecular dynamics, density functional theory calculations and Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations help understand both the mechanisms of separation and catalysis performance, confirming that the tertiary amines as well as the permanent pores in UiO-66-OH play vital roles in the whole procedure.

Mechanical Impurities Carry-Over from Horizontal Heavy Oil Production Well

Currently, a global attention has been paid to the development and exploitation of shallow depth heavy oil reservoirs. Such oilfields are rationally developed via a network of horizontal wells. However, the weakly cemented reservoir rock beds lead to the high sand production during well flow. Removing mechanical impurities is still challenging even with the application of sophisticated techniques and a variety of filters. In this study, we propose an analysis method for describing the removal of mechanical impurity particles from horizontal wells containing heavy oil. We employed a simulation model of typical well in OLGA program, and several calculations was made for different values of the flow rate. Moreover, deep sand samples were isolated from a well of Uchebny field to compare the real data with the estimated one. Calculations are used to estimate the quality of mechanical impurity removal for various diameters, and a relationship between the critical diameter and well flow rate is built.

Upscaled Synthesis Protocol for Phase-Pure, Colloidally Stable MXenes with Long Shelf Lives.

MXenes are electrically conductive 2D transition metal carbides/nitrides obtained by the etching of nanolaminated MAX phase compounds, followed by exfoliation to single- or few-layered nanosheets. The mainstream chemical etching processes have evolved from pure hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching into the innovative "minimally intensive layer delamination" (MILD) route. Despite their current popularity and remarkable application potential, the scalability of MILD-produced MXenes remains unproven, excluding MXenes from industrial applications. This work proposes a "next-generation MILD" (NGMILD) synthesis protocol for phase-pure, colloidally stable MXenes that withstand long periods of dry storage. NGMILD incorporates the synergistic effects of a secondary salt, a richer lithium (Li) environment, and iterative alcohol-based washing to achieve high-purity MXenes, while improving etching efficiency, intercalation, and shelf life. Moreover, NGMILD comprises a sulfuric acid (H2 SO4 ) post-treatment for the selective removal of the Li3 AlF6 impurity that commonly persists in MILD-produced MXenes. This work demonstrates the upscaled NGMILD synthesis of (50g) phase-pure Ti3 C2 Tz MXene clays with high extraction yields (>22%) of supernatant dispersions. Finally, NGMILD-produced MXene clays dry-stored for six months under ambient conditions experience minimal degradation, while retaining excellent redispersibility. Overall, the NGMILD protocol is a leap forward toward the industrial production of MXenes and their subsequent market deployment.

Simulation, Fabrication and Microfiltration Using Dual Anodic Aluminum Oxide Membrane.

Microfluidic devices have gained subsequent attention due to their controlled manipulation of fluid for various biomedical applications. These devices can be used to study the behavior of fluid under several micrometer ranges within the channel. The major applications are the filtration of fluid, blood filtration and bio-medical analysis. For the filtration of water, as well as other liquids, the micro-filtration based microfluidic devices are considered as potential candidates to fulfill the desired conditions and requirements. The micro pore membrane can be designed and fabricated in such a way that it maximizes the removal of impurities from fluid. The low-cost micro-filtration method has been reported to provide clean fluid for biomedical applications and other purposes. In the work, anodic-aluminum-oxide-based membranes have been fabricated with different pore sizes ranging from 70 to 500 nm. A soft computing technique like fuzzy logic has been used to estimate the filtration parameters. Then, the finite-element-based analysis system software has been used to study the fluid flow through the double membrane. Then, filtration is performed by using a dual membrane and the clogging of the membrane has been studied after different filtration cycles using characterization like a scanning electron microscope. The filtration has been done to purify the contaminated fluid which has impurities like bacteria and protozoans. The membranes have been tested after each cycle to verify the results. The decrease in permeance with respect to the increase in the velocity of the fluid and the permeate volume per unit clearly depicts the removal of containments from the fluid after four and eight cycles of filtration. The results clearly show that the filtration efficiency can be improved by increasing the number of cycles and adding a dual membrane in the micro-fluidic device. The results show the potential of dual anodic aluminum oxide membranes for the effective filtration of fluids for biomedical applications, thereby offering a promising solution to address current challenges.

Design and GLADIS testing of a liquid tin divertor module prior to exposure in ASDEX Upgrade

Using liquid metals confined in capillary porous structures (CPSs) as a plasma-facing component (PFC) could prolong the lifetime of the divertor in the high heat flux area. However, the high atomic number of tin (Sn) limits its acceptable fraction in the main plasma. Therefore, a crucial step in developing this concept is to test it in a tokamak environment, particularly in the diverted plasma region, e.g. ASDEX Upgrade (AUG). In this paper, the design of liquid tin module (LTM) is explained, and the testing in the high heat flux device GLADIS before its use in AUG is presented. The LTM was additively manufactured using selective laser melting, consisting of a 1.5mm porous layer tungsten (W) directly attached to a solid W bulk. The LTM has a plasma-facing area of 16×40mm2 and was filled with 1.54g of Sn. In GLADIS, the module was exposed to power loads between 2 and 8MWm−2 for 1 up to 10s, first unfilled and later filled with Sn. The surface temperature was monitored with infrared imaging and pyrometry. The thermal response was used to compare with simulations in Ansys Mechanical, enabling a determination of the module’s effective thermal properties. Sn droplets could be observed on the infrared camera, until a surface temperature of about a 1000°C was reached. The enhanced wetting of tin on the plasma-facing surface, which was observed by a visible camera, suggests that there is a conditioning of the surface, possibly due to the removal of impurities and oxides. Subsequent examinations of the adjacent tile revealed minor Sn leakages emanating from the module’s edge. Furthermore, the module showed no indication of mechanical failure. Therefore, these results indicated that the LTM qualifies for the heat fluxes expected in ASDEX Upgrade.