Removal Of Crystal Violet Dye Research Articles

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles decorated on graphene oxide for crystal violet dye removal

In this study, we demonstrate a facile and environmentally benign method for the synthesis of Ag nanoparticles using a green reducing agent and their subsequent deposition onto GO sheets. The synthesized GO@Ag nanocomposite was characterized using various analytical techniques such as FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDX and BET. The results confirmed the successful formation of cubic Ag nanoparticles with diameter 30–40 nm on the GO surface. The theoretical surface area of GO@Ag was found to be 89 m2/g. The adsorption efficiency of GO@Ag nanocomposite toward CV dye was evaluated through batch adsorption experiments. The above experimental results revealed that CV adsorption on to the GO@Ag surface was pH dependent and maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 48.78 mg/g at pH = 8. The adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models, indicating monolayer adsorption with chemisorption as the rate-limiting step. Furthermore, the recyclability and stability of the nanocomposite were assessed through multiple adsorption-desorption cycles, demonstrating its potential for practical applications in wastewater treatment for the removal of cationic dyes. The mechanism of CV adsorption on to the GO@Ag surface mainly involves electrostatic attraction and π-π interaction.

Cassava starch modified montmorillonite - an efficient material for removal of crystal violet dye from contaminated aqueous solution

Because of grave effects on human health and the ecosystem, dye wastewater is exigent to be treated before its access to the environment. Removal of dyes from wastewater is one of the most important steps to eliminate its harmfulness. In this study, montmorillonite (MMT), a clay mineral with numerous applications in catalytic and coating purposes, was modified to form a new adsorbent for the removal of crystal violet (CV) dye from contaminated aqueous solution. Vietnamese cassava starch which is biodegradable, renewable, sustainable and affordable, was used as a modifier for MMT. The modified MMT was characterized by Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopic methods. Its morphology and structure were observed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the effects of pH, interaction time, adsorbent concentration and temperature on the physico-chemical adsorption process on the basis surface of the material, have been investigated. Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied to analyze the adsorption values of dye solutions at the time of equilibrium. The results indicated that the modified MMT possessed the spherical shape, with particles on the surface in a wide size range. Investigation on the ideal removal conditions for modified MMT showed that it removed the crystal violet dye with maximum adsorption at pH value of 7 and concentration of 101.1 mg/g after 1 hour of interaction. Moreover, the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model was compatible with all results and the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model. Starch modified MMT should be promising for dye removal from wastewater.

Co-carbonization of hazelnut shell and lemna minor: its effectiveness in adsorption of crystal violet from an aqueous solution

ABSTRACT Co-carbonization of waste biomass is of great interest to reduce production costs and increase carbon yields. In this study, it was investigated to produce cost-effective and high carbon yield activated carbons by carbonizing lemna minor (LM) and hazelnut shell (HS) wastes together. In this context, LM and HS were co-carbonized at 800°C, 100 mL/min of N2 for 90 min, and their carbonization yields, adsorption capacities, physical and chemical properties were determined. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultimate and proximate analysis were performed. According to XRD analysis, HS is amorphous, LM is semi-crystalline, but the crystalline structure increased after co-carbonization. Based on the FTIR analysis LM, HS, and cLM/HS contain various functional groups, including O-H, C-H, and C-O. The adsorption capacity and CV removal, obtained by co-carbonized LM and HS (cLM/HS), are 87.95 mg/g and 88%, respectively. Its specific surface area is 745 m2/g. This study showed that the cLM/HS is a cost-effective adsorbent for the removal of crystal violet dye.

Recycled gold-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for efficient adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet

In this study, gold-reduced graphene oxide (Au@rGO) nanocomposite has been synthesized by repurposing electronic waste and dry batteries. This innovative approach involved utilizing the graphite rod from dry batteries to produce reduced graphene oxide (rGO), which was subsequently modified through the incorporation of gold nanoparticles obtained from recycled electronic waste. This methodology marks a significant breakthrough in electronic waste recycling, presenting a cost-effective and sustainable means of creating novel nanocomposites for applications in photocatalysis and adsorption, particularly in the removal of crystal violet (CV) from aqueous media. The synthesized Au@rGO nanocomposite was characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersed X-ray, and N2 adsorption/desorption. Parameters that affect the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of CV dye have been studied in detail. The optimal conditions for CV adsorption and photocatalytic degradation were pH of 10, equilibrium time of 30 min, CV concentration of 10 mg/L and adsorbent dosage of 40 mg. Furthermore, the isotherm and kinetics of CV removal were also studied. The removal of CV dye using adsorption and photocatalytic degradation techniques reached 95% and 99%, respectively. Consequently, the results showed that photocatalytic degradation of CV dye onto the mesoporous Au@rGO nanocomposite is more proper way than the adsorption technique for removing the CV dye from aqueous media. The designed photocatalyst has high efficiency and it can be reused and activated several times so it can be used in real water treatment applications.

Removal of Crystal Violet Dye from Aqueous Solutions through Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Fabrics

The removal of contaminants from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto carbonaceous materials has attracted increasing interest in recent years. In this study, pristine and oxidized activated carbon (AC) fabrics with different surface textures and porosity characteristics were used for the removal of crystal violet (CV) dye from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the CV adsorption performance of the AC fabrics in terms of contact time, temperature, adsorbate concentration and adsorbent amount. Evaluation of the thermodynamic parameters and the adsorption performance of the AC fabrics in ground water and sea water solutions were also carried out. Langmuir isotherm model, pseudo first and pseudo second order kinetics models were utilized to analyze and fit the adsorption data. The introduction of oxygen-based functional groups on the surface of AC fabrics was carried out through a nitric acid treatment. This oxidation process resulted in a significant reduction in the surface area and pore volume, along with a small increase in the average pore size and a significant enhancement in the CV adsorption capacity, indicating that the dye molecules are mainly adsorbed on the external surface of the carbon fabrics. The herein evaluated 428 mg/g adsorption capacity at 55 °C for the oxidized non-woven AC fabric is one of the highest adsorption capacity values reported in the literature for CV removal using AC materials. Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption occurs spontaneously and is an endothermic and entropy-driven reaction. Furthermore, pristine and oxidized non-woven AC fabrics displayed more than 90% CV uptake from sea water samples, underlining the great potential these fabrics possess for the removal of dyes from natural/multicomponent waters.

Removal of Crystal Violet Dye in Textile Wastewater Using Rice Husk Biochar


 
 
 Crystal Violet Dye (CVD) is a water-soluble, hazardous organic dye that causes adverse health issues and environmental pollution. This dye was mostly added to wastewater by the textile industries. Treatment of CVD-contained wastewater has become a great challenge due to high investment and operating costs and inefficiency in dye removal of conventional methods such as biological degradation and chemical oxidation. So, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the CVD removal ability of Rice Husk Biochar (RHB). The experiment procedure was designed to determine the influence of initial CVD concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time, and temperature on dye removal. RHB was prepared by pyrolysis process at 700o C for 3h at a constant heating rate of 10o C min-1 in a muffle furnace. Adsorption of CVD by RHB was verified by performing Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. The concentration of the remaining dye after adsorption studies was calculated using Ultra-Violet visible spectroscopy. According to the results, the dye removal efficiency increased with the RHB amount, but the rate of this increment decreased at higher RHB dosages. The highest dye removal efficiency of 97.33% was recorded at 1.5 g RHB amount. In the effect of initial CVD concentration, the efficiency increased up to 600 mg/l and then decreased and the maximum removal efficiency was 96.77%. pH value has no significant effect on dye removal and the highest efficiency of 97.3 % was recorded at pH 4. Further, as the contact time increased, the dye removal increased until it reached an equilibrium state at 60 minutes with 92.03% efficiency. Moreover, when raising the temperature, the adsorption of CVD by RHB marginally increased. According to the kinetic studies, the experimental data followed pseudo- second-order kinetic models than pseudo-first order. Further, adsorption equilibrium data well fitted both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models so that it can be assumed that both monolayer and multilayer adsorption of CVD in RHB surface. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy and enthalpy change were calculated, and all values were recorded as negative implying adsorption was favorable and spontaneous and the process was exothermic. In conclusion, the optimum dye removal was recorded at 350 C and pH 4 with an initial dye concentration of 600 mg/L and adsorbent dosage of 1.5 g. Thus, this study concluded that RHB could be utilized as a cost- effective, eco-friendly, and affordable adsorbent for the removal of CVD from wastewater with over 90% dye removal efficiency.
 Keywords: Crystal violet dye, Rice husk biochar, Textile industry, Adsorption
 
 

New Y0.045Ni0.045Fe2.91O4 nanowires decorated over mesoporous silica for crystal violet removal: Response surface methodology optimization, kinetics, and isothermal studies

Recently, there has been considerable interest in developing an efficient, easily separable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly catalyst for treating toxic environmental pollutants. In this study, we successfully designed yttrium–nickel-doped magnetite nanowires (Y0.045Ni0.045Fe2.91O4) and their mesoporous silica (MS)-coated composite (Y0.045Ni0.045Fe2.91O4/MS) using a simple coprecipitation method. The resulting composite demonstrated effective adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet (CV) dye under sunlight. Various instrumental characterization techniques were employed to assess the nanowires' morphological, chemical, and surface functional properties and their composite. The existence of metal–oxygen bonds in Y0.045Ni0.045Fe2.91O4 within the 500–800 cm−1 range was verified through FTIR analysis. According to the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, the composite exhibited a surface area of 285 m2/g, a pore volume of 0.436 cm³/g, and an average pore width of 5 nm. The composite's high surface area and mesoporous nature underscored its porous structure, confirming its enhanced adsorption capacity for contaminants. High resolution XPS spectrum justified the presence of surface silanol groups (Si–OH) which are responsible for adsorption phenomena. Photocatalytic experiments revealed that Y0.045Ni0.045Fe2.91O4 nanowires and their composites achieved 89% and 90% degradation rates for CV dye within 60 and 10 min, respectively. The removal efficiency was assessed under optimized conditions of pH (8), dose (15 mg), time (60 and 10 min), and concentration (10 mg/L). Statistical analysis revealed that pH significantly impacted CV dye removal because functional group activation varied at different pH values. To elucidate the adsorption mechanism and kinetics, the Temkin isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetics model (R2 = 1.996 mg min−1) were the best fit for the composite. Furthermore, approximately 99% of the nanowires were magnetically separated from the reaction mixture in an external magnetic field. The demonstrated synergy of efficient adsorption–photocatalysis, coupled with easy recovery, suggests that innovatively designed nanomaterials are optimal for the water remediation of organic pollutants in wastewater.

Amorphization of natural ilmenite for production of a potential porous adsorbent towards crystal violet dye removal from aqueous environment

In this work, amorphization of ilmenite mineral was obtained by solid NaOH alkaline fusion at 550 oC. The material was tested as an adsorbent towards crystal violet (CV) removal from an aqueous matrix. Several techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms (BET) were used to characterize the material, and revealed an amorphous structure with superior surface area (88.84 m² g-1) compared to raw sample (5.90 m² g-1). These intrinsic characteristics resulted in a satisfactory adsorption capacity, reaching 133 mg g-1 at a temperature of 328 K. Kinetic studies on the adsorption process indicated that the equilibrium condition was reached within 50 min, being well represented by the Avrami model. The thermodynamic study revealed that the CV adsorption onto ilmenite is spontaneous, endothermic, and favorable. The amorphized material maintains the same adsorptive performance after three reuse cycles. Therefore, the amorphization route proposed in this work was satisfactory for producing a porous adsorbent from the ilmenite mineral, with potential use for wastewater treatment.

Machine learning approaches for the treatment of textile wastewater using sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum) biochar.

Most dyes present in wastewater from the textile industry exhibit toxicity and are resistant to biodegradation. Hence, the imperative arises for the environmentally significant elimination of textile dye by utilising agricultural waste. The achievement of this objective can be facilitated through the utilisation of the adsorption mechanism, which entails the passive absorption of pollutants using biochar. In this study, we compare the efficacy of the response surface methodology (RSM), the artificial neural network (ANN), the k-nearest neighbour (kNN), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in removing crystal violet (CV) from wastewater. The characterisation of biochar is carried out by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The impacts of the solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, and temperature were investigated using a variety of models (RSM, ANN, kNN, and ANFIS). The statistical analysis of errors was conducted, resulting in a maximum removal effectiveness of 97.46% under optimised settings. These conditions included an adsorbent dose of 0.4mg, a pH of 5, a CV concentration of 40.1mg/L, and a temperature of 20°C. The ANN, RSM, kNN, and ANFIS models all achieved R2 0.9685, 0.9618, 0.9421, and 0.8823, respectively. Even though all models showed accuracy in predicting the removal of CV dye, it was observed that the ANN model exhibited greater accuracy compared to the other models.

Synthesis of a novel clay/polyacrylic acid-tannic acid hydrogel composite for efficient removal of crystal violet dye with low swelling and high adsorption performance

Hydrogels are versatile materials with numerous applications; however, their potential in water treatment is hindered by their tendency to exhibit high swelling, degradation, and excessive water absorption. In this study, a hydrogel composed of natural clay, polyacrylic acid (PAA), and tannic acid (TA) was prepared with varying ratios of TA to control swelling ratio, reduce degradation and enhance adsorption efficiency for removal of cationic dye-contaminated wastewater. The effect of the TA ratio on the physical, chemical, and adsorption properties of prepared hydrogel (clay/PAA-TA) was studied by preparing a series of hydrogel composites and characterizing them using various techniques. The swelling ratio of pure PAA hydrogels was 7061%, but by incorporating TA into the polymer mixture, the swelling ratio decreased to less than 500%, with the lowest observed swelling of 250% occurring at a 5% tannic acid. In adsorption studies, the target pollutant was crystal violet dye (CV) and the pH effect, time effect, temperature and initial dye concentration for the adsorption CV dye were investigated using batch adsorption parameters. Adsorption studies showed that using 5% of TA is the optimal ratio to achieve the highest adsorption capacity of the prepared clay/PAA-TA to uptake CV dye. With an adsorption capacity of 444.5 mg/g, the Langmuir-Freundlich model suited the adsorption isotherm. The adsorption kinetics were best explained by the pseudo-first-order model. The results of thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous, favorable, and endothermic.

The Efficiency of Chamomile in Crystal Violet Dye Removal Processes

Bu çalışmada papatyanın adsorplama özellikleri incelenmiştir. Crystal Violet (CV) boya adsorpsiyon proseslerinde adsorban olarak, işlenmemiş papatya (Ch) ve fosforik asit (H3PO4) (Ch-H3PO4) kullanılarak hazırlanan aktif karbon formu kullanılmıştır. Adsorbanların yüzey yapılarını gözlemlemek için Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) analizleri kullanılmıştır. Adsorpsiyon etkinlikleri pH (1-7), zaman (0-300 dk), başlangıç boya konsantrasyonu (10-50 ppm), adsorban miktarı (0,5-2 g/L) ve sıcaklığa (25-45 °C) bağlı olarak her bir adsorban için incelenmiş ve birbiriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Adsorpsiyon proseslerinin 300 dk’ da dengeye ulaştığı belirlenmiştir. Her iki proseste de en yüksek giderimler pH 7' de elde edilmiştir. Tüm değişen konsantrasyonlarda, her iki adsorban da yüksek giderim yüzdelerine ulaşmıştır. Ayrıca değişen adsorban dozajının, her iki adsorbanın kapasite değerlerini büyük ölçüde etkilediği gözlenmiştir. Kinetik çalışmalarda proseslerin yalancı ikinci dereceden kinetik model ile açıklandığı ve izoterm çalışmalarının Freundlich izotermi ile uyumlu olduğu görülmüştür. Termodinamik çalışmalarında ΔH0 değerleri Ch ve Ch-H3PO4 için sırasıyla 20,69 ve -34,87 kJ mol-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Negatif ve pozitif ΔH0 değerleri sırasıyla ekzotermik ve endotermik doğayı gösterir. Ch ve Ch-H3PO4 için ΔS0 değerleri sırasıyla 76,52 ve -95,55 J mol-1K-1 olarak bulunmuştur. Negatif ΔG0 değerleri proseslerin kendiliğindenliğini açıklamaktadır. Sonuç olarak, işlenmemiş papatyanın CV boya gideriminde etkili olduğu, H3PO4 kullanılarak aktif karbon hazırlanması ile etkinliğinin arttığı belirlenmiştir.

Development and utilization of raw and NaOH-modified peanut hull as potential adsorbents for crystal violet dye removal from wastewater

Development and utilization of raw and NaOH-modified peanut hull as potential adsorbents for crystal violet dye removal from wastewater

Green synthesis of MnO2-embedded Rauvolfia tetraphylla leaves (MnO2@RTL) for crystal violet dye removal and as an antibacterial agent.

The application of green synthesized nanocomposites for the prevention of environmental pollution is increasing nowadays. Here, a green composite has been synthesized by embedding MnO2 on Rauvolfia tetraphylla leaves using its leaf extract hereinafter termed as MnO2@RTL, and demonstrated for crystal violet (CV) dye removal from simulated and real wastewater. The surface properties of the material were determined by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area, pHZPC, and zeta potential. The material exhibits a remarkable adsorption capacity of 61.162mg/g at 328K and pH 7. The adsorption was best fitted with Pseudo-second-order kinetic (R2 = 0.998) and a combination of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.994-0.999). The thermodynamic study revealed spontaneous (ΔG values = - 2.988 to - 4.978kJ/mol) and endothermic (ΔH values = 6.830 to 11.018kJ/mol) adsorption. After adsorption, 80% regeneration occurred with 50% methanol, and recycled up to five times. Advantageously, the material was able to remove CV dye in the presence of coexistent ions and fromindustrial wastewater, confirming field applicability. The adsorption capacity of the material is superior to previously reported materials. The standard deviation and relative standard deviations have been evaluated to be 0.000422-0.000667 and 0.473-0.749%, which suggests the reliability of the experiments. The exhausted material, after recycling, was pyrolyzed to overcome the disposal problem. It was established as a secondary adsorbent with 73% efficiency which makes the material win-win. The material showed antibacterial properties with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with a zone of inhibition 5mm.

Synergistic adsorption/photodegradation effect for effective removal of crystal violet dye and acetamiprid pesticide using Fe3+ cross-linked ternary carboxymethyl cellulose/polyaniline/TiO2 photocomposites

In this paper, a new series of cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) based photocomposite hydrogels incorporating polyaniline (PANI) as semi-interpenetrating chains and titanium oxide (TiO2) as inorganic filler were prepared to effectively remove crystal violet (CV) and acetamiprid pollutants (AC) by adsorption/photodegradation under solar light. The structural, textural, thermal and optical properties of these hydrogels were analyzed using; Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectra. The performance of CMC-based hydrogels for CV adsorption was evaluated through batch experiments using multi-variable parameters reactor. The results revealed that the adsorption kinetics was consistent with the pseudo-second order model (with values of R2 > 0.99) and the adsorption isotherm followed the Langmuir model (R2 > 0.99 and a maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity of 159.08 mg g−1 obtained for the optimized hydrogel CP5). Meanwhile, it was observed that a better photocatalytic activity was generated by combination of TiO2-PANI systems with an almost complete removal (99 %) of dye molecules in 80 min of irradiation duration, suggesting a synergy between these two systems. Separately, the AC degradation study revealed good catalytic activity of hydrogels against this pollutant from both demineralised and real water. Lastly, the regeneration study of photocomposite beads revealed a good stability of these hydrogels in water by retaining their photoactivity over five cycles of reuse.

Novel insights into crystal violet dye adsorption onto various macroalgae: Comparative study, recyclability and overview of chromium (VI) removal

In this study, effective biomaterials were prepared from marine macroalgae, namely Fucus spiralis (F.S), Ulva intestinalis (U.I), and Corallina officinalis (C.O). The ability to adsorb the hazardous organic dye crystal violet (CV) was examined, revealing different adsorptive properties for the three algae. The removal of CV dye occurred onto only a homogeneous monolayer for F.S, and both a homogeneous monolayer and a heterogeneous multilayer for U.I and C.O algae. The predicted monolayer capacities at 25 °C were approximately 53 mg/g, 55 mg/g, and 97 mg/g for F.S, C.O, and U.I, respectively. The adsorption of CV dye on all the algae was found to follow a pseudo-second-order rate. Ulva intestinalis algae, as a potential adsorbent of CV dye, were also tested in the adsorption of inorganic substances and demonstrated significant efficiency in the removal of chromium (VI). The findings highlight various adsorption properties and the relevance of macroalgae for wastewater treatment applications.

Activated Carbon-Incorporated Tragacanth Gum Hydrogel Biocomposite: A Promising Adsorbent for Crystal Violet Dye Removal from Aqueous Solutions.

Biomaterials-based adsorbents have emerged as a sustainable and promising solution for water purification, owing to their eco-friendly nature and remarkable adsorption capacities. In this study, a biocomposite hydrogel was prepared by the incorporation of activated carbon derived from pomegranate peels (PPAC) in tragacanth gum (TG). The hydrogel biocomposite (PPAC/TG) showed a porous structure, a negative surface charge at a pH of more than 4.9, and good stability in aqueous media. The adsorption properties of the PPAC/TG hydrogel biocomposite were assessed for the removal of crystal violet dye (CV) from aqueous solutions using a batch adsorption. The equilibrium adsorption data followed the Sips isotherm model, as supported by the calculated R2 (>0.99), r-χ2 (<64), and standard error values (<16). According to the Sips model, the maximum values of the adsorption capacity of PPAC/TG were 455.61, 470.86, and 477.37 mg/g at temperatures of 25, 30, and 35 °C, respectively. The adsorption kinetic of CV onto the PPAC/TG hydrogel biocomposite was well described by the pseudo-second-order model with R2 values more than 0.999 and r-χ2 values less than 12. Thermodynamic studies confirmed that the CV dye adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. Furthermore, the prepared hydrogel exhibited excellent reusability, retaining its adsorption capacity even after being used more than five times. Overall, this study concludes that the prepared PPAC/TG exhibited a significant adsorption capacity for cationic dyes, indicating its potential as an effective and eco-friendly adsorbent for water treatment.

Alysicarpus Vaginalis Plant‐Based Antioxidant Hybrid Nanocomposite‐MnFe2O4/AV for Water Treatment

AbstractThe present study is focussed on the adsorptive removal of Crystal violet dye from laboratory polluted water using Alysicarpus vaginalis plant material based hybrid multifunctional nanocomposite which was prepared by following co‐precipitation method. The prepared composite MnFe2O4/AV has been characterised using FT‐IR, SEM‐EDX, TEM, XRD, BET, TGA techniques. The nanocomposite has been investigated for its antioxidant activity. The MnFe2O4/AV has been found possessing numerous functional groups on its porous surface and the sorption efficiency was evaluated in terms of parameters, such as sorbent dosage, concentration of the dye, contact time and pH of solution. The maximum adsorption capacity has been obtained as 34.211 mg g−1 and the process was found to be feasible and endothermic in nature. The data fitting showed that the sorption followed pseudo‐second order kinetics. From the sorption data fitting it was found that the sorption followed the Freundlich isotherm. Thus, the MnFe2O4/AV composite proved to be economical to synthesise which is eco‐friendly and has antioxidant ability, thus multifunctional in nature.

Ti3C2-MXene/NiO Nanocomposites-Decorated CsPbI3 Perovskite Active Materials under UV-Light Irradiation for the Enhancement of Crystal-Violet Dye Photodegradation

Ti3C2-MXene material, known for its strong electronic conductivity and optical properties, has emerged as a promising alternative to noble metals as a cocatalyst for the development of efficient photocatalysts used in environmental cleanup. In this study, we investigated the photodegradation of crystal-violet (CV) dye when exposed to UV light using a newly developed photocatalyst known as Ti3C2-MXene/NiO nanocomposite-decorated CsPbI3 perovskite, which was synthesized through a hydrothermal method. Our research investigation into the structural, morphological, and optical characteristics of the Ti3C2-MXene/NiO/CsPbI3 composite using techniques such as FTIR, XRD, TEM, SEM–EDS mapping, XPS, UV–Vis, and PL spectroscopy. The photocatalytic efficacy of the Ti3C2-MXene/NiO/CsPbI3 composite was assessed by evaluating its ability to degrade CV dye in an aqueous solution under UV-light irradiation. Remarkably, the Ti3C2-MXene/NiO/CsPbI3 composite displayed a significant improvement in both the degradation rate and stability of CV dye when compared to the Ti3C2-MXene/NiO nanocomposite and CsPbI3 perovskite materials. Furthermore, the UV–visible absorption spectrum of the Ti3C2-MXene/NiO/CsPbI3 composite demonstrated a reduced band gap of 2.41 eV, which is lower than that of Ti3C2-MXene/NiO (3.10 eV) and Ti3C2-MXene (1.60 eV). In practical terms, the Ti3C2-MXene/NiO/CsPbI3 composite achieved an impressive 92.8% degradation of CV dye within 90 min of UV light exposure. We also confirmed the significant role of photogenerated holes and radicals in the CV dye removal process through radical scavenger trapping experiments. Based on our findings, we proposed a plausible photocatalytic mechanism for the Ti3C2-MXene/NiO/CsPbI3 composite. This research may open up new avenues for the development of cost-effective and high-performance MXene-based perovskite photocatalysts, utilizing abundant and sustainable materials for environmental remediation.

Tragacanth gum-enhanced adsorption performance of polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers for cationic crystal violet dye removal

Tragacanth gum-enhanced adsorption performance of polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers for cationic crystal violet dye removal

Exploring the efficiency of sodium alginate beads and Cedrus deodara sawdust for adsorptive removal of crystal violet dye

Sodium alginate beads were explored as an adsorbent for exclusion of CV dye in batch mode by optimizing various parameters such as solution pH, effect of dye concentration, adsorbent’s dose, contact time, and temperature. Experimental results revealed that maximum sorption, i.e., 97% was obtained at pH 12 in 20 minutes of contact time, 0.4 g of beads for 10 mL of dye solution at 30 °C. Characterization of sodium alginate beads confirmed that hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine, and sulfate functional groups are involved in dye adsorption on heterogeneous and porous surface of adsorbent. Isotherm study shows that Freundlich model fits best to experimental data having highest possible adsorption capacity of 4.797 Further, kinetic study revealed that pseudo-second order model plays a significant role in adsorption mechanism with = 0.9996. Suitability of each model is also checked by five error analysis models namely Hybrid, MPSD, EABS, ERRSQ, and ARE. Thermodynamic studies implied that CV dye adsorption on sodium alginate beads was spontaneous and endothermic in nature as confirmed from = −7.8 to −5.8 kJ mol−1 and = 10.201 kJ mol−1, respectively. Results also show that 92% of dye adsorption take place with tap water. Based on experimental outcomes, it has been concluded that sodium alginate beads are an excellent adsorbent to remove the CV dye from the solution.