Removal Of Copper Research Articles

Characteristics of Adsorption/Desorption Process on Dolomite Adsorbent in the Copper(II) Removal from Aqueous Solutions.

The removal of hazardous heavy metals that have been released into the environment due to industrial activities has become an important issue in recent years. The presented study concerned the removal of copper(II) ions from aqueous solutions using dolomites. Dolomite is a very attractive adsorbent due to its wide availability, low cost, good adsorption, and environmental compatibility. The paper describes the properties of D-I and D-II dolomites from two different open-cast mines in Poland. The properties of natural adsorbents were determined based on point of zero charges (PZC), elemental analysis of the adsorbent composition, FT-IR, XRD, and SEM spectra analysis. Depending on the initial concentration of the solution used, the adsorption efficiency of copper(II) ions was 58-80% for D-I and 80-97% for D-II. The adsorption mechanism in the case of D-II dolomite was mainly based on ion exchange, while chemisorption dominated the D-I dolomite surface. Considering the possibility of the regeneration and reuse of the adsorbent, dolomite D-II is a better material (the desorption efficiency of copper(II) ions was 58-80%). The adsorption behavior of dolomites has been described using six adsorption isotherms. The best fit was obtained for the Redlich-Peterson, Jovanović, and Langmuir isotherms, indicating that monolayer adsorption occurred. The maximum adsorption capacity for copper(II) was 378 mg/g of D-I and 308 mg/g of D-II.

Feasibility study of applying a graphene oxide-alginate composite hydrogel to electrokinetic remediation of Cu(II)-contaminated loess as electrodes

Inappropriate handling of heavy metal-containing wastewater resulting from extensive mining and smelting activities causes serious threats to surrounding environments and human health. The electrokinetic (EK) technology has been extensively applied to remediate heavy metal-contaminated sites because of its great manoeuvrability. The electrochemical polarization effect, however, reduces the electron transfer rate and could badly degrade EK removal efficiency. To this end, the present work proposed a novel graphene oxide-alginate composite hydrogel and applied it to copper removal as electrodes in EK remediation. A series of laboratory tests concerning its physical, mechanical, adsorption, and electrochemical properties were conducted. The graphene oxide (GO) particles provide larger average pore size and pore volume than traditional activated carbon electrodes. The surface functional groups, including hydroxyl, carboxyl, and epoxide groups, promote hydrogen bond formation. The GO particles and the calcium alginate are crosslinked with the hydrogen bonds, improving the mechanical properties of the graphene oxide-alginate composite hydrogel. Furthermore, the functional groups also encourage copper adsorption, and a high GO proportion does not necessarily mean an improvement in copper adsorption. The dynamic mechanism of Cu(II) adsorption onto the graphene oxide-alginate composite hydrogel conforms with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Moreover, the absence of oxidative and reductive peaks in the cyclic voltammograms is mainly attributed to the non-faradaic nature of the graphene oxide-alginate composite hydrogel, indicating a reduced electrode polarization effect. The Nyquist plot also approves its low resistance nature. The results were then compared against other electrodes to highlight the relative merits of the proposed graphene oxide-alginate composite hydrogel electrode.

Evaluation of the effect of copper on the restart of a novel combined two‐stage anaerobic digester

AbstractThe performance of the modified upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (MUASB) reactor–static granular bed reactor (SGBR) series was evaluated during the restart after a starvation period of 6 months. The steady‐state chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of the reactor series obtained during the restart with copper was 98 ± 1.96% with the corresponding biogas production and copper removal of 0.218‐m3/kg CODdigested and 81.5%, respectively. Even though the biogas production of the reactor series with copper decreased because of the inhibitory effect of the accumulated copper on the methanogens, the reactor series was maintained stable throughout the operation with the effluent characteristics well within the discharge standards. The resumption of feed after starvation was sufficient for the recovery of the biomass from a dormant to an active state when operated with and without copper. The restart of the reactor series with copper was achieved in 35 days, indicating robustness and sustainability even after starvation.

Adsorptive Removal of Copper (II) Ions from Aqueous Solution Using pumice

This article presents the use of modified pumice as an environmentally friendly adsorbent for copper (II) removal from wastewater. The water pollution by toxic elements is a major concern for human health and environmental quality. New and cheaper methods of wastewater treatment are increasing the quality of the environment and reducing negative impacts on fauna, flora, and human beings. The sorption technique is considered a cost-effective method for effectively removing heavy metals. In recent years, there have been increasing studies dedicated to using low-cost adsorbents such as pumice. For the study, Kuchak pumice has been used. The modified pumice was prepared by surface modification with polysiloxane, evaluated by studying the effects of pH, contact time, dosage, and initial concentration, and was optimized in batch processing mode. The chemical changes in pumice were fully characterized using FT-IR techniques. Overall, these results suggest that surface-modified pumice is a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of copper (II).

Copper removal and recovery from electroplating effluent with wide pH ranges through hybrid capacitive deionization using CuSe electrode

In modern industry, selective extraction and recovery of Cu from strongly acidic electroplating effluent are crucial to reduce carbon emissions, alleviate resource scarcity, and mitigate water pollution, yielding considerable economic and environmental benefits. This study proposed a high-efficiency CuSe electrode to selectively remove Cu from electroplating effluent via hybrid capacitive deionization (HCDI). The potential of this electrode was thoroughly evaluated to assess its effectiveness. The CuSe electrode exhibited superior deionization performance in terms of Cu adsorption capacity, selectivity, and applicability in various water matrices. Specifically, under strong acid conditions (1 M H+), the CuSe electrode maintained an optimal adsorption capacity of 357.36 mg g−1 toward Cu2+. In systems containing salt ions, heavy metals, and actual electroplating wastewater, the CuSe electrode achieved a remarkable removal efficiency of up to 90% for Cu2+ with a high distribution coefficient Kd. Notably, the capacitive deionization (CDI) system demonstrated the simultaneous removal of Cu-EDTA. The removal mechanism was further revealed using ex-situ X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. Overall, this study presents a practical approach that extends the capabilities of CDI platforms for effectively removing and recovering Cu from acidic electroplating effluent.

Artificial intelligence optimization and controllable slow-release iron sulfide realizes efficient separation of copper and arsenic in strongly acidic wastewater

Iron sulfide (FeS) is a promising material for separating copper and arsenic from strongly acidic wastewater due to its S2− slow-release effect. However, uncertainties arise because of the constant changes in wastewater composition, affecting the selection of operating parameters and FeS types. In this study, the aging method was first used to prepare various controllable FeS nanoparticles to weaken the arsenic removal ability without affecting the copper removal. Orthogonal experiments were conducted, and the results identified the Cu/As ratio, H2SO4 concentration, and FeS dosage as the three main factors influencing the separation efficiency. The backpropagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) model was established to determine the relationship between the influencing factors and the separation efficiency. The correlation coefficient (R) of overall model was 0.9923 after optimizing using genetic algorithm (GA). The BP-GA model was also solved using GA under specific constraints, predicting the best solution for the separation process in real-time. The predicted results show that the high temperature and long aging time of FeS were necessary to gain high separation efficiency, and the maximum separation factor can reached 1,400. This study provides a suitable sulfurizing material and a set of methods and models with robust flexibility that can successfully predict the separation efficiency of copper and arsenic from highly acidic environments.

Copper removal from sediment by electrokinetic treatment with electrodes in a hexagonal configuration

AbstractThis study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of removing Cu from sediment by electrokinetic (EK) treatment with electrodes in a hexagonal configuration, and whether water leached can be reused. Three experiments were performed (e1: continuous application of electricity, e2: no electricity at night, e3: application of solar panels) to evaluate the impact of the absence of electricity during night and the variations that may occur during the day when solar panels were used on the efficiency of the treatment. At the end of the treatments, 2–13% more Cu was detected in the cathode region (locations 5 and 10) compared to the initial concentration. Furthermore, based on the calculated mass balance, we concluded that Cu was bound to the electrode surface. In the remaining EK cell locations, the Cu content was reduced by 50–60% for e1, e2, and e3. For field application, treatment e3, in which solar panels are applied, is recommended, since there are no significant differences in the achieved efficiencies. A significant advantage of the treatment from an ecological point of view is reflected in the absence of an acidification effect. In this study, we also applied a model which showed satisfactory agreement with the experimental results. Analyses of leached water after electrokinetic treatments, e1, e2, e3, indicate that this water has a potential for irrigation use of agricultural land, aiming to meet the goals of the circular economy.

Microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis of cube-shaped MOF-COF composites for copper detection and capture

A novel metal organic framework-covalent organic framework (IRMOF3-TzDa) composite was prepared by microwave-assisted solvothermal methods. The designed IRMOF3-TzDa was integrated with dual function of copper ion detection and removal, and characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM and XPS et al. The adsorption capacity of Cu2+ by IRMOF3-TzDa was 86 mg g−1 by Langmuir isotherm model fitting. In a mixed metal ions solution, IRMOF3-TzDa demonstrated high adsorption selectivity to Cu2+. The strong affinity between IRMOF3-TzDa and Cu2+ and the rapid transfer of the π electrons of the material to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of Cu2+ provided the chance for Cu2+ fluorescence sensing by IRMOF3-TzDa. A linear range of 10–500 μM was obtained, with a limit of detection of 2.2 μM (n = 11) and a precision of 3.3% (50 μM, n = 9), respectively. Water samples were analyzed by the detection platform, with satisfactory recoveries of 94% to 107%. Benefiting from the high density of adsorption groups and excellent fluorescence properties, the facile synthetic MOF-COF composite provided an alternative material for copper ion removal and detection.

Bio-Electrochemical Recovery of Copper from Dilute Acidic Solutions as a Function of External Resistance, Copper and Iron Concentrations

Bioelectrochemical systems provide a promising tool for the copper recovery from the heap leaching solutions which usually contain low copper and high iron concentrations. In this study, the role of copper and ferrous ion concentrations, and external resistance in the removal of synthetic sulfuric acid solutions by a lab-scale Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) was investigated and good results were obtained in the removal of copper.

Removal of Copper, Chromium, and Nickel Ions from aqueous solution by using different pre-treated orange peel

In Malaysia, water pollution due to the various heavy metal contaminants has become a serious issue that needs to be concerned. Among various water treatment methods, the adsorption method has been considered one of the most efficient wastewater treatment techniques. This study was done to find out the adsorption capacity of orange peel (OP) by different pre-treatment in removing copper, chromium, and nickel ion from aqueous. OP powder was divided into three portions, which were untreated OP, pretreated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) OP, and detergent OP respectively. Each chemical solution that contains copper, chromium and nickel respectively was tested by these three adsorbents. From the experiment, NaOH pretreated OP was found highest performance in removing 85.67% of nickel and 81.55% of copper. While the untreated OP was good in removing 91.2% of chromium. The untreated OP for nickel ions and copper ions, Detergent treated OP for nickel ions and chromium ions were best fitted to Langmuir Isotherm, while untreated OP for chromium ions, detergent treated OP for copper ions and NaOH treated OP for all selected metal ions were best fitted to Freundlich Isotherm. In short, OP can be considered a very good adsorbent choice due to its good adsorption capacity, environment-friendly nature and low-cost characteristics.

Removal of copper and zinc in metal working fluid using coconut composite filter media

Metal working fluid industry is the major contributing sources of heavy metals. Their multiple industrial, domestic, and technological applications have led to their wide distribution in the environment, raising concerns over their potential effects on human health and the environment. Filtration technology is widely used to remove contaminants such as heavy metals because it is a low-cost wastewater treatment device that uses physical methods that are simple and effective. In this study, coconut composite activated carbon (CCAC) filter media has been explored for its adsorption abilities towards copper and zinc solutions from metal working fluids. The characteristic of CCAC was investigated using XRF analyser, SEM and FTIR analysis. This study described the performance of fixed-bed column filtration by using CCAC as the filter media under the effect of various bed heights (10,30,50 cm) and initial concentration of copper and zinc (10 and 20 mg/L) to assess the breakthrough curve. The results show that the CCAC surface is not smooth and porous, with many channels. It is connected to hydrogen linked, O-H and contains the highest value composition in MgCO3 and CaCO3, which enhances metal precipitation removal of heavy metals. From the fixed-bed column study, the column with an initial copper and zinc concentration of 10mg/L and a bed height of 50 cm performed well in removing copper and zinc from synthetic copper and zinc solutions. The breakthrough and exhaustion times were less than 30 minutes and 3660 minutes for copper and zinc were less than 30 minutes and 3420 minutes respectively. The longer the lifespan of filter media, the better the filter media for heavy metal treatment. In conclusion, CCAC filter media was used as an alternative to the existing wastewater treatment process to remove copper and zinc from metal working fluids. It also can be applied in the current filtration system, especially for industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP).

Application of Herbal Medicine in Cu2+ Removal from Water and Comparison of its Detection Methods

In order to utilize discarded herbal medicine to treat heavy metal pollution in water, various herbal medicines were selected to explore their abilities of metal ions removal. In this experiment, copper ion was used as targeted heavy metal ion and two different treatments of several herbal medicines were compared on the effect of the copper ion removal ability. At the evaluating stage, four metal ion detection methods were employed and analyzed in this herbal medicine Cu2+ removal application. The results showed that directly soaking herbal medicine in the copper aqueous solution was more effective and easier to operate. Iodometry method and EDTA complexometric titration with xylenol orange as indicator were accurate and time-saving in the measurement of copper removal rate. In addition, the EDTA complexometric titration is also applicable in the detection of other metal ions. This experiment provided a basis for the implementation and application of herbal medicine in the deposition of metal ions in polluted water.

CFD Analysis of Simultaneous Removal of Copper (II) and Zinc from Aqueous Solution Using a Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor

ABSTRACT The current study is a new method for liquid–liquid extraction of copper (II) and zinc that was carried out using an efficient solvent called trifluoroacetylacetone in a hollow fiber membrane contactor (HFMC). To analyze the extraction process and understand its underlying mechanisms, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was employed. The extraction was performed in three domains by coupling the mass and momentum equation to express the solute transport from the tube side to the shell side through the membrane in a hollow fiber membrane contactor. The finite element approach simulates the governing equation and validates the results. This work aims to obtain the distribution of copper (II) and zinc by performing a simulation. The effect of some crucial parameters was investigated. The results illustrate that the extraction efficiency increases by increasing the partition coefficient and decreasing the flow rate on the tube side. Also, the temperature significantly affects extraction, and by enhancing the temperature from 298 to 313 K, the efficiency increases by 12% for copper (II) and 6.6% for zinc. Furthermore, the membrane porosity was found to be another influential parameter. By increasing the membrane porosity of 25% to 90%, the efficiency increases to 95% for copper (II) and 98% for zinc.

Isotherms and Kinetic Studies of Copper Removal from Textile Wastewater and Aqueous Solution Using Powdered Banana Peel Waste as an Adsorbent in Batch Adsorption Systems.

Heavy metals that are present in surface water and wastewater are becoming a severe environmental problem. Because of its toxicity, heavy metal removal has become the main priority for environmental concerns. Banana peels are low-cost agricultural waste that could be used for heavy metal adsorption in wastewater. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effective powdered banana peel for the removal of copper (II) from aqueous solutions and real wastewater. The banana peels were collected from domestic waste and ground to get a particle size of 150 µm. Powdered banana peel waste adsorbent (PBPWA) contained moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, and bulk density of 3.8%, 3.5%, 37.5%, and 0.02 g/cm3, respectively. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that the alkyne, aldehyde, and amide functional groups were dominant in the powdered banana peel surface, and the scanning electron microscope showed the morphology of the adsorbent. Physicochemical characteristics of the raw wastewater revealed that the concentration of Cu (II), Pb (II), COD, BOD5, and Cd (II) were 2.75 mg/L, 2.02 mg/L, 612.16 mg/L, 185.35 mg/L, and 0.01 mg/L, respectively. At pH 5, adsorbent dose of 2g/100 mL, initial copper (II) concentration of 80 mg/L, and contact time of 90 min, the maximum removal efficiency of synthetic wastewater was 96.8% and textile wastewater was 69.0%. The adsorption isotherm fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model at R2 = 0.99. The kinetics of copper (II) adsorption followed the second-order kinetic model better. Finally, these studies showed that banana peel bio-adsorbent is a potential adsorbent for heavy metal removal from synthetic and textile wastewater.

Selection of Operation Conditions for a Batch Brown Seaweed Biosorption System for Removal of Copper from Aqueous Solutions

Heavy metal exposure from wastewater is an important environmental issue worldwide. In the search for more efficient treatment technologies, biosorption has been presented as an alternative for contaminant removal from wastewaters. The aim of this work is to determine the operation parameters of copper adsorption followed by biosorbent regeneration. The algae Durvillaea antarctica and Lessonia trabeculata were used as biosorbents in batch experiments. These biosorbents were exposed to different conditions, such as pH, copper concentration, exposure time, mass-to-volume ratios and regeneration reagents. Batch sorption tests revealed an adequate pH of 4.5–5.0. The selected biosorbent was D. antarctica due to a considerably higher copper retention capacity. As a regenerating reagent, sulfuric acid was more efficient. For diluted copper solutions (10 to 100 mg L−1), a biosorbent particle size of between 1.70 and 3.36 mm showed better retention capacity than larger particles and a biosorbent mass-to-volume ratio of 10 g L−1 was desirable for these metal concentrations.

Modeling and Simulation of Copper Removal from the Contaminated Soil by a Combination of Adsorption and Electro-kinetic Remediation

Electro-kinetic remediation technology is one of the developing technologies that offer great promise for the cleanup of soils contaminated with heavy metals. A numerical model was formulated to simulate copper (Cu) transport under an electric field using one-dimensional diffusion-advection equations describing the contaminant transport driven by chemical and electrical gradients in soil during the electro-kinetic remediation as a function of time and space. This model included complex physicochemical factors affecting the transport phenomena, such as soil pH value, aqueous phase reaction, adsorption, and precipitation. One-dimensional finitedifference computer program successfully predicted meaningful values for soil pH profiles and Cu concentration profiles. The model considers that: (1) electrical potential in the soil is constant with the time; (2) the effect of temperature is negligible; and (3) dissolution of soil constituents is negligible. The predicted pH profiles and transport of copper in sandy loam soil during electrokinetic remediation were found to reasonably agree with the bench-scale electro-kineticexperimental results. The predicted contaminant speciation and distribution (aqueous, adsorbed, and precipitated) allow for an understanding of the transport processes and chemical reactions that control electro-kinetic remediation.

Multicomponent Biosorption of Heavy Metals Using Fluidized Bed of Algal Biomass

This paper aims to study the biosorption for removal of lead, cadmium, copper and arsenic ions using algae as a biosorbent. A series of experiments were carried out to obtain the breakthrough data in a fluidized bed reactor. The minimum fluidization velocities of beds were found to be 2.27 and 3.64 mm/s for mish sizes of 0.4-0.6 and 0.6-1 mm diameters, respectively. An ideal plug flow model has been adopted to characterize the fluidized bed reactor. This model has been solved numerically using MATLAB version 6.5. The results showed a well fitting with the experimental data. Different operating conditions were varied: static bed height, superficial velocity and particle diameter. The breakthrough curves were plotted for each metal. Pb2+ showed the largest breakthrough time compared with others, while Cd2+ had the lowest value

Bipolar Membrane Capacitive Deionization for pH-Assisted Ionic Separations

Selective ionic separations represent an increasingly important technical area for the strategic interests of the U.S. economy─for example, securing critical minerals and materials and circular economy aspirations that include recovering organic acids from processed biomass. This work disseminates bipolar membrane (BPM) capacitive deionization for selective ionic separations from multicomponent, ionic species mixtures. The selective separations are guided by the Pourbaix diagram and acid–base equilibria principles. BPM capacitive deionization was demonstrated to generate alkaline or acidic process streams depending upon the location of the BPM in the electrochemical cell. The role of system operating parameters, such as the cell voltage, residence time, and feed concentration on effluent stream pH was studied. It was observed that the pH adjustment in BPM-CDI/MCDI (MCDI, membrane capacitive deionization) was more sensitive to the cell voltage when compared to the process stream residence time and salt feed concentration. The BPM-MCDI gave over 6 times higher percentage of copper(II) removal when compared to sodium ion removal from brine mixtures. Finally, BPM-MCDI demonstrated over 40% greater removal for copper ions from brine mixtures and fivefold higher removal for itaconic acid from brine mixtures when benchmarked against a traditional flow-by-MCDI setup.

Selective removal of copper from heavy-metals-containing acidic solution by a mechanochemical reduction with zero-valent silicon

It is always a challenge to deal with industrial wastewater containing heavy metals. Selective removal and recovery of valuable metals such as copper particularly from acidic solutions are very important from both stances of resource supplying and environmental purification. Among all the divalent heavy metals, copper has the potential of being reduced to monovalent state. A new approach was proposed to ball mill zero-valent silicon (ZVS) in CuSO4 solution and the solutions containing multi-metal ions to serve the purpose. In this study, both quantitative and qualitative data were reported on the induced mechanochemical reduction reaction to convert Cu2+ into Cu2O by ball milling with ZVS. Experimental parameters such as milling time and Si to Cu ratio were found to play important role in stimulating the reaction, and as a result, 97.32% Cu2+ was removed from the solution under Si/Cu molar ratio of 100. Even at a high concentration of sulfuric acid up to 4.6 mol/L, the copper removal percentage maintained a high value of 82.57%. Furthermore, in the sulfate solutions containing several other heavy metals of Zn, Mn, Ni, Cd, Co, Fe etc., the reduction reaction by zero-valent silicon occurred only on Cu2+ with other heavy metal ions remaining in the solutions. The feasibility of this technology has been verified by treating a leaching solution of NiS mineral, from which copper has been removed selectively from nickel, iron etc. This research may serve another purpose for applying waste silicon from the solar energy devices after lifetime in the future.

Factors Affecting Electrodialysis Unit Performance in the Removal of Copper from Wastewaters and Aquatic Environment Treatment

Wastewater treatment and removal of heavy metals are of great importance, especially in terms of industry, economy, environment and public health. Electrodialysis desalination mode is an effective process for treating metals in contaminated solutions and for further recovery of metals to new uses. In this work, the removal of copper ions from the solution using a recirculating electrodialysis system was studied. Different factors affecting ED performance, such as applied voltage, pH, flow rate, and metal ion concentration on metal removal efficiency, energy consumption, and current efficiency were investigated. The stainless-steel 316 (SS 316) electrode was used as an anode and a cathode and has the advantage of a low corrosion rate. The optimum conditions for 99.59 % removal of 200 mg/L of copper in 60 min are 18 V, pH 4, and a flow rate of 800 ml/min to produce a dilute solution of 0.83 mg/L Cu2+ (<1.3 mg/L), which is within the acceptable limits and suitable for discharges into the environment. Additionally, the current efficiency was 87.78%, the flux was calculated to be 7.84 µmol/m2m, and the energy consumption was 1.73 Wh/L. The study shows that the electrodialysis method can be used efficiently for the removal of copper ions from wastewater.