Removal Of Copper Ions Research Articles

Freeze v/s air-dried alginate-pectin gel beads modified with sodium dodecyl sulphate for enhanced removal of copper ions

This work presents a novel polymer-based adsorbent, Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate modified alginate-pectin gel beads (APS221) prepared via controlled freeze drying & air drying, for the removal of copper ions from the aqueous solution. This work also critically discusses the role played by various components and their concentrations in the success of APS221. Addition of pectin to alginate resulted into approximately 150 % increase in the metal removal performance of the adsorbent while addition of SDS into alginate-pectin complex enhanced the performance by 14 % approximately, taking the maximum adsorption capacity of final complex APS221 to 111.11 mg/g. Our characterization studies revealed that the adsorption happened predominantly by complexation and ion-exchange mechanisms, and hence despite having a higher surface area, freeze-dried variant showed lesser adsorption capacity than air-dried variant as there was a loss of ion-exchange sites resulting from breakage of crosslinking bonds due to chain elongation. The adsorption process was found to follow Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetics with a good fit of experimental data. Further, operating parameters have been optimized via RSM to, simultaneously, maximize the utilization of the adsorbent and minimize the cost of the process. Stability studies showed that APS221 beads could be used up to eight cycles.

Green synthesis of a novel eco-friendly hydrochar from Pomegranate peels loaded with iron nanoparticles for the removal of copper ions and methylene blue from aqueous solutions

This study developed a novel eco-friendly and cost-effective bioadsorbent by synthesizing iron nanoparticles loaded onto hydrochar (FeNPs@HC). Pomegranate peels were used as feedstock for hydrochar (HC) production. The production of FeNPs@HC was done by hydrothermal carbonization process using the black solution of iron nanoparticles as a hydrothermal carbonization media. The FeNPs@HC was characterized using FTIR, Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Zeta potential techniques, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, SEM with EDX analysis, and Thermal analysis. The mean particle size of FeNPs and HC were ∼28 and 196 nm, respectively. The batch experiments like initial concentration, contact time, solution temperature, adsorbent dosage, and pH on the adsorption capacity of the bioadsorbent for Cu (II) and MB were examined and determined. Maximum sorption capacity (qm) of Cu (II) and MB was 95.24 and 278 mg g−1. Different adsorption isotherms and kinetics models have been used for evaluating the adsorption process. The R2 value obtained by Langmuir isotherm was the highest for Cu(II) = 0.997, while the R2 value obtained by Freundlich isotherm is the highest for MB = 0.9957. The thermodynamic parameters have been determined for the adsorption process. The ΔG0 values are negative, referring to the adsorption processes being spontaneous. The reusability of FeNPs@HC for removal Cu(II) and MB has been tested in four cycles and showed a good removal efficiency. The FeNPs@HC was successfully applied to actual wastewater samples.

UV-Cured Chitosan-Based Hydrogels Strengthened by Tannic Acid for the Removal of Copper Ions from Water.

In this work, a new environmentally friendly material for the removal of heavy metal ions was developed to enhance the adsorption efficiency of photocurable chitosan-based hydrogels (CHg). The acknowledged affinity of tannic acid (TA) to metal ions was investigated to improve the properties of hydrogels obtained from natural and renewable sources (CHg-TA). The hydrogel preparation was performed via a simple two-step method consisting of the photocrosslinking of methacrylated chitosan and its subsequent swelling in the TA solution. The samples were characterized using ATR-FTIR, SEM, and Folin-Ciocalteu (F&C) assay. Moreover, the mechanical properties and the ζ potential of CHg and CHg-TA were tested. The copper ion was selected as a pollutant model. The adsorption capacity (Qe) of CHg and CHg-TA was assessed as a function of pH. Under acidic conditions, CHg-TA shows a higher Qe than CHg through the coordination of copper ions by TA. At an alkaline pH, the phenols convert into a quinone form, decreasing the Qe of CHg-TA, and the performance of CHg was found to be improved. A partial TA release can occur in the copper solution due to its high hydrophilicity and strong acidic pH conditions. Additionally, the reusability of hydrogels was assessed, and the high number of recycling cycles of CHg-TA was related to its high mechanical performance (compression tests). These findings suggest CHg-TA as a promising green candidate for heavy metal ion removal from acidic wastewater.

Investigation of Copper Ion adsorption using Activated Sawdust Powder: Isotherm, Kinetic and Thermodynamic studies

<p>The batch adsorption technique investigated the efficiency of sawdust adsorbent for removing copper ions from synthetic solutions. A chemical synthesis process prepared the activated sawdust powder, and its surface area and pore volume were obtained by BET isotherm analysis. The ability of copper ion uptake by activated sawdust powder was examined under the characterization study of SEM, EDX & FTIR studies. Various isotherm studies checked the process of adsorption, and the kinetic studies confirm the nature of the adsorption process with sawdust adsorbent. Thermodynamic studies were used to analyze the endothermic nature of the adsorption process, and 0.3 N of H2SO4 acid desorbs 93.27% of copper ions from the spent adsorbent. The experimental study confirms the better adsorption ability of sawdust powder in the activated charcoal form to remove the heavy metal pollution in aqueous solutions.</p>

Adsorptive Removal of Copper (II) Ions from Aqueous Solution using Acid and Thermally Activated Iron Oxide Sand

Heavy metal pollution of water bodies is a common problem in Zambia, whose economy depends on copper mining. Removal of Cu2+ ions from the solution via adsorption using iron oxide ore was investigated. The composition of the adsorbent was determined by XRF and ICP-OES. Iron oxide had predominantly Fe2O3 at 60 % with less than 3% of SiO2 and Al2O3. The Cu2+ ion concentrations were measured before and after adsorption using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The effects of initial concentration, pH, acid activation, and thermal activation of the adsorbent on adsorption were investigated. A decrease in the adsorption of Cu2+ ions with an increase in the initial concentration of adsorbate (Cu2+) was observed. The adsorption of Cu2+ ions on acid-activated Iron oxide compared to thermally activated iron oxide ranged from 83-73%, respectively. Adsorption of Cu2+ ions was pH dependent with an optimum pH of 7. Acid activation of the adsorbent had better absorptivity since acids cause mineral dissolution, which increases the surface area and porosity of the adsorbent. Iron Oxide adsorbents have the potential to the removal of Cu2+ ions from aqueous solutions. Keywords: Adsorption, Copper ions, Heavy metals, Iron oxide, Pollution.

Competence kinetic and thermodynamic studies between natural bio-adsorbent green microalgae and synthetic adsorbent magnetic nanoparticles for copper(II) ion in water

ABSTRACT. The present work investigated the kinetic and thermodynamic study of adsorbents to remove copper ions from aqueous solutions and compared the efficiency between the natural microalgae bio-adsorbent chlorella species (sp.) and synthetic magnetic nanoparticles. All materials synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The highest Cu+2 ion adsorption for the copper solution at 100 mg/L was 57.2%, while at pH 8 it was 59.7%. The more efficient adsorbent for Cu+2 acquired by chlorella was 0.24 mg/g. The second-order kinetic model is fitted, the activation energy (Ea) for the three adsorbents; Chlorella, Fe3O4, (Fe3O4 coated with SiO2) were 95.24, 40.69, 20.39 kJ/mol, respectively indicating the adsorption process is slower than the magnetic nanoparticles. Enthalpy activation changes (ΔH#) were endothermic and showed that the adsorption of the Cu+2 on the chlorella was chemisorption and on the magnetic nanoparticles was physisorption. Entropy change of activation (ΔS#), and activation Gibbs free energy change (ΔG#) showed that adsorption process of Cu+2 on the three adsorbents was feasible and spontaneous in temperature range 293-313 K. The novelty of this work is to determine the type and efficiency of adsorption of algae and nanoparticles.
 
 KEY WORDS: Adsorption, Kinetic models, Thermodynamic studies, Chlorella species, Magnetic nanoparticle, Efficiency percent
 Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(1), 183-196. 
 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i1.15

Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions Copper, Cadmium and Nickel by Microcystis aeruginosa.

To investigate the treatment effect of algae biosorbent on heavy metal wastewater, in this paper, the adsorption effect of M. aeruginosa powder on heavy metal ions copper, cadmium and nickel was investigated using the uniform experimental method, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and TG-DSC comprehensive thermal analysis. The experimental results showed that the initial concentration of copper ion solution was 25 mg/L, the temperature was 30 °C, the pH value was 8 and the adsorption time was 5 h, which was the best condition for the removal of copper ions by algae powder adsorption, and the removal rate was 83.24%. The initial concentration of cadmium ion solution was 5 mg/L, the temperature was 35 °C, the pH value was 8 and the adsorption time was 4 h, which was the best condition for the adsorption of cadmium ion by algae powder, and the removal rate was 92.00%. The initial nickel ion solution concentration of 15 mg/L, temperature of 35 °C, pH value of 7 and adsorption time of 1 h were the best conditions for the adsorption of nickel ions by algae powder, and the removal rate was 88.67%. The spatial structure of algae powder changed obviously before and after adsorbing heavy metals. The functional groups such as amino and phosphate groups on the cell wall of M. aeruginosa enhanced the adsorption effect of heavy metal ions copper, cadmium and nickel. Additionally, M. aeruginosa adsorption of heavy metal ions copper, cadmium, nickel is an exothermic process. The above experiments show that M. aeruginosa can be used as a biological adsorbent to remove heavy metals, which lays a theoretical foundation for the subsequent treatment of heavy metal pollution by algae.

Ion Exchange Conversion of Na-Birnessite to Mg-Buserite for Enhanced and Preferential Cu2+ Removal via Hybrid Capacitive Deionization.

Layered manganese oxides (LMOs) have recently been demonstrated to be one of the most promising redox-active material platforms for electrochemical removal of heavy metal ions from solution via capacitive deionization (CDI). However, the impact of interlayer spacing of LMOs on the deionization performance of electrodes in a hybrid capacitive deionization (HCDI) system with an LMO cathode and a carbon anode (i.e., LMO/C electrodes), and their phase transformation behaviors, particularly during the desalination operations, have yet to be extensively evaluated. In this study, we thoroughly evaluate Mg-buserite obtained by ion exchange of fresh Na-birnessite and Na- and K-birnessite as HCDI electrodes to remove copper ions (Cu2+) from saline solutions. Among the three LMO/C electrodes, the Mg-buserite/C (MgB/C) electrodes demonstrate the best deionization performance in terms of salt adsorption capacity (SAC), electrosorption rate, and cycling stability, followed by K-birnessite/C (KB/C) and Na-birnessite/C (NaB/C). More importantly, MgB/C exhibits the highest Cu2+ ion adsorption capacity (IAC) of 89.3 mg Cu2+ per gram electrode materials at a cell voltage of 1.2 V in 500 mg L-1 CuCl2 solution, with an IAC retention as high as 96.3% after 60 charge/discharge cycles. Given that electrosorption of Cu2+ ions is often competed by alkali and alkaline earth metal ions, our data reveal that the MgB/C electrodes demonstrate selectivities of 4.7, 7.7, and 8.1 for Cu2+ over Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, respectively. Moreover, X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic analyses show that the enhanced deionization performance and preference for Cu2+ are mainly attributed to the expanded interlayer spacing of LMO minerals. This study provides a promising strategy for tailoring LMO minerals for improving their electrosorption capacity and preference for copper ions from a multivalent-ion solution via an HCDI platform.

Copper removal from sediment microbial fuel cells with cathode with added slow-release oxygen beads: Performance, power output and microbial communities

Sediment microbial fuel cells can generate electrons by degrading organic contaminants in a sediment environment, promoting the migration of copper ions from the sediment to the cathode. They can thus be used to remove copper ions from sediment. Biochar-based oxygen-releasing beads were developed and added to the cathode in sediment microbial fuel cells to treat copper-contaminated sediment. The slow release of O2 from the oxygen-releasing beads and the adsorption of copper ions by the biochar increased the output voltage, degradation of organic pollutants and removal of copper ions by the sediment microbial fuel cells. The power density of the sediment microbial fuel cell with 10 g beads at the cathode was 66.2 mW/m2, which is 2.3 times that of without oxygen-releasing beads. The recovery percentage of copper ions in sediment microbial fuel cells with oxygen-releasing beads was 51.2%, which is 1.4 times the value, 34.8%, for sediment microbial fuel cell without beads. Therefore, adding oxygen-releasing beads improved the voltage output of the sediment microbial fuel cell and accelerated the migration of copper ions, solving the problem of low mass transfer in the sediment. Accordingly, significant amounts of copper compounds are formed on the cathode and surfaces of biochar-based oxygen-releasing bead, confirming that this technology can be effectively used to remediate heavy metal-contaminated sediment and to generate electricity.

Inhibition of Alzheimer's Aβ1-42 Fibrillogenesis and Removal of Copper Ions by Polypeptides Modified Gold Nanoparticles.

Aggregation and fibrillation of β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) as well as accumulation of toxic metal ions have been believed to be the central events to cause Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, an attractive therapeutic tactic for AD is to design and synthesize inhibitors and metal chelators to prevent Aβ aggregation and chelate toxic metal ions. In this study, the polypeptide functionalized gold nanoparticles (PFGNP) were obtained by modifying polypeptides Cys-Gly-Gly-Gly-Leu-Pro-Phe-Phe-Asp (CGGGLPFFD) and Cys-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-His (CGGGGGH) onto gold nanoparticles through gold-sulfur bond. The inhibitory properties of PFGNP toward Aβ1-42 fibril formation was assessed by thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence method and corroborated by atomic force microscopy analysis. The ability of PFGNP to complex copper ions was studied by electrochemical method. The experimental results reveal that PFGNP can effectively chelate copper ions and significantly inhibit the fibrillation of Aβ1-42 . Moreover, PFGNP exhibits significantly protective effect on Aβ-induced cytotoxicity toward human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.

Modified Cobalt Ferrite Entrapped Chitosan Beads as a Magnetic Adsorbent for Effective Removal of Malachite Green and Copper (II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions

Modified Cobalt Ferrite Entrapped Chitosan Beads as a Magnetic Adsorbent for Effective Removal of Malachite Green and Copper (II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions

MoS2-encapsulated nitrogen-doped carbon bowls for highly efficient and selective removal of copper ions from wastewater

Capacitive deionization has been considered as a promising wastewater treatment technology because of its low-cost and highly efficient. Herein, we prepared hollow bowl-type carbon materials loaded with molybdenum sulfide (HBC-MoS2) composites and fabricated it as an innovative electrode material to remove Cu2+ in a multi-ion coexistence system. With the synergistic effect of electric double layer (EDL) and complexation between MoS2 and Cu2+, the HBC-MoS2-0.02 electrode achieved effective removal of copper ions from low concentration wastewater (25 mg/L) and high electrosorption capacity of 28.97 mg g−1 at 1.0 V. Even in the presence of competing ions (Na+/Zn2+/Cu2+), the HBC-MoS2-0.02 electrode still can effectively remove Cu2+ with a final adsorption capacity of 28 mg g−1, showing its superiority. The mechanism of Cu2+ removal by HBC-MoS2 is mainly due to the synergistic effect of EDL and complexation.

Biosorption of Copper (II) Ions From Aqueous Solution Onto Pantoea agglomerans Isolated From Water Containing High Amount Of Boron Element

Heavy metal pollution is an serious environmental problem because they have toxic effects on living organisms. In recent years, the use of microbial biosorbents to remove heavy metal pollution have studied. Many biological materials are used to remove copper ions. In this study, the biosorption capacity of lyophilized Pantoea agglomerans for Cu (II) ions were investigated under various conditions (initial pH, contact time, initial heavy metals ion concentration). The monocomponent biosorption data have been analyzed using isotherm (Freundlich and Langmuir) and kinetic models. The highest copper uptake capacity of the biomass was obtained at the initial copper concentration of 250 mgL-1 at pH 5.0 and contact time 90th minute. The equilibrium data correlated well with the Langmuir and Freundlich model. It was found that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted the experimentally obtained data. Liyofilized P. agglomerans biomass appears to be an inexpensive and efficient biosorbent for the removal of Cu (II) from aqueous solutions.

Mullein leaf as potential biosorbent for copper(II) ions removal from synthetic solutions: optimization, kinetic and isotherm

Mullein leaf as potential biosorbent for copper(II) ions removal from synthetic solutions: optimization, kinetic and isotherm

EVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL OF ONION PEEL COMPOSITE AS AN ADSORBENT FOR THE REMOVAL OF CATIONS IN FISH POND WASTEWATER

Toxic metals in wastewater when discharge in to the environment can accumulate in vital organs when ingested, and get concentrated through the food chain causing poisonous effects to living organisms. Alumina modified onion peel composite was used in this study as an adsorbent for the removal of lead, nickel, chromium, copper and zinc ions from Fish pond wastewater via adsorption process. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to examine the effect of adsorbent dosage, pH, adsorbate concentration, and contact time on the adsorption of the cations. The optimum adsorbent dosage was 0.3g, pH was 2, contact time was 60 mins and initial concentration was found to be 10 mg/l. The concentration of metal ions present were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The characterization by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) showed absorbance peaks that correspond to hydroxyl, aldehyde, alkyl, amide and carboxylic acid functional groups. These functional groups helped in enhancing the adsorption of the metal ions. Scanning Electron microscope (SEM) analysis was carried out for the morphological characteristics of the adsorbent, before and after adsorption. The experimental isotherm data were analyzed using linear form of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit for the sorption of Zn2+, Cu2+, Cr3+ and Pb2+ ions with the correlation coefficient (R2) as 0.981, 0.994, 0.9192 and 0.9478 respectively while the Freundlich isotherm had a best fit for the sorption of Ni2+ with the correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9574. The maximum monolayer adsorption (qm) for copper was found to be the highest

Multilayer Graphene Oxide Supported ZIF-8 for Efficient Removal of Copper Ions

HighlightsA multilayer graphene based adsorbent was prepared by a simple method;Adsorbents have high adsorption capacity and a high specific surface area;The multilayer structure of graphene layer provides a framework for ZIF, adding more adsorption sites.To address the performance deterioration of ZIF-8 for the adsorption of copper ions caused by powder volume pressure and particle aggregation, we employed multilayer graphene oxide (MGO) as a support to prepare composite adsorbents (MGO@ZIF-8) by using the in situ growth of ZIF-8 on MGO. Due to a good interfacial compatibility and affinity between ZIF-8 and graphene nanosheets, the MGO@ZIF-8 was successfully prepared. The optimal Cu2+ adsorption conditions of MGO@ZIF-8 were obtained through single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments. Surprisingly, the Cu2+ adsorption capacity was significantly improved by the integration of MGO and ZIF-8, and the maximum Cu2+ adsorption capacity of MGO@ZIF-8 reached 431.63 mg/g under the optimal adsorption conditions. Furthermore, the kinetic fitting and isotherm curve fitting confirmed that the adsorption law of Cu2+ by MGO@ZIF-8 was the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model, which indicated that the process of Cu2+ adsorption was monolayer chemisorption. This work provides a new approach for designing and constructing ZIF-8 composites, and also offers an efficient means for the removal of heavy metals.

Effective Removal of Copper Ion from Aqueous Solution using Beads of Chitosan-Choline Chloride/Glycerol Deep Eutectic Solvent

Herein, an adsorption process based on a new adsorbent was utilized to remove copper ion (Cu(II)), an environmental pollutant, from water. Reprocessed porous beads based on powder chitosan highly aid the industrial treatment of water. Chitosan–deep eutectic solvent (DES) beads were prepared from chitosan and DES. The DES used were choline chloride–urea (DES A) and choline chloride–glycerol (DES B). Both chitosan–DES beads were used to remove Cu(II) from an aqueous solution. Based on the characterisation results, chitosan-DES A showed a higher chemical and thermal stability when compared to chitosan-DES B. For the type of adsorbents, chitosan-DES B showed a higher removal percentage of Cu(II) (90.92 %) than chitosan-DES A (7.5 %). Therefore, chitosan-DES B was chosen as the preferred adsorbent for Cu(II). The optimum conditions for the removal of Cu(II) from an aqueous solution were using 0.09 g of chitosan-DES B with 40 min of shaking time and 1 mg L-1 of initial concentration.

Facile synthesis of a novel nanocomposite for determination of mercury and copper ions in food and water samples

This paper describes the modification of sodium aluminum silicate hydrate by 3-bromo-5-chlorosalicylaldehyde to form a new composite. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), CHN elemental analysis, Nitrogen gas sorption analyzer, and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tools were used for characterizing the synthesized composite. The XRD pattern of the synthesized composite shows a halo at 2Θ = 25°, confirming the destruction of the crystalline structure of the nanomaterial owing to the association with an organic substance. The synthesized composite was utilized for the removal and preconcentration of mercury and copper ions from water and food samples. The maximum adsorption capacity of the synthesized composite towards mercury and copper ions is 107.53 and 130.89 mg/g, respectively. In addition, the relative standard deviation was less than 3 %, showing excellent reproducibility. The dynamic analytical ranges are 0.8–380 μg/L and 1.00–550 μg/L for copper and mercury ions, respectively. The preconcentration factor is 10.

Application of metal-organic framework (Zn-Ph-D CP) for copper ion removal from aqueous solution

Copper metal is involved in many industries and is known for its adverse impacts on human health and the environment. The metal–organic framework (MOF) is now a rise-up method for wastewater treatment. A novel structured MOF was prepared and characterized using SEM, EDAX, XRD, and FTIR to confirm its structure then used for copper removal. A series of experiments were designed. Synthetic solutions with different copper ion concentrations were prepared. These solutions were adjusted under different pHs (5, 7, and 9). A standard weight of MOF 0.05 gm was used. The results showed that the different characterization techniques confirm the MOF structure. MOFsuccessfully removed copper ions with removal rates of 94.6%, 93%, 91.5%, and 92.5 % for the synthetic solution's concentration 5, 10, 15 and 20 ppm respectively. For pH experiments, the MOF showed a well-defined ability to remove copper under pH 5 and 7 rather than pH 9.

Cu2+ ions adsorption by dense calcium silicate hydrate samples and their catalytic activity

The objective of this study was to synthesize calcium silicate hydrates in dense samples and apply them for the adsorption of copper ions and, later, as a catalyst for the oxidation of volatile organic compounds. At the beginning of the synthesis, semicrystalline calcium silicate hydrate C–S–H(I) and Z-phase were formed, and after long-term synthesis, these compounds recrystallized to gyrolite. It was determined that the duration of the synthesis changed not only the mineralogical composition of the samples but also their density and compressive strength. Calcium silicate hydrates synthesized in dense samples could be applied for the removal of copper ions from the liquid medium; however, the amount of adsorbed copper ions and the efficiency of purification depended upon the properties of both the liquid medium and the duration of synthesis. The results of the methanol oxidation experiments showed that synthetic samples combined with copper ions could be applied as a catalyst. The obtained results were confirmed by X-ray powder analysis, simultaneous thermal analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and chromatography/mass spectrometry.