Removal Of Cobalt Ions Research Articles

Removal of Cobalt Ions from Wastewater by Batch and Flowing Forward Osmosis Processes

Removal of Cobalt Ions from Wastewater by Batch and Flowing Forward Osmosis Processes

Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics studies on adsorptive removal of cobalt ions from wastewater using MIL-100(Fe)

ABSTRACTThis study describes experiments in which MIL-100(Fe) was used to remove Co2+ ions from the waste water. The synthesised adsorbent was characterised by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and scanning electron microscope. Statistical analysis was used to investigate the effects of different parameters. From the obtained results, the removal efficiency was enhanced with increasing contact time and pH but decreased with increasing cobalt initial concentration. The maximum removal efficiency of Co+2 was 93.4% under optimum conditions. The equilibrium adsorption data were best fitted to linearly transformed Freundlich isotherm. Adsorption kinetic data followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacity of Co+2 on to the MIL-100(Fe) was found to be 119 mg g−1. The results showed that ∆G of adsorption was negative, while ∆H was positive which showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The positive value of ∆S showed that disordering and randomness increased at the solid–solution interface of cobalt ions with MIL-100(Fe) particles.

Removal of cobalt ions from waste water by Friedel’s salt

In this study, the adsorption behaviors of the Friedel’s salt for Co(II) from aqueous solution at different concentrations and various initial pHs are investigated. The adsorption process follows the pseudo-second-order model and can be described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The experimental results demonstrate that Friedel’s salt has a high Co (II) adsorption (up to capacity 3.682 mmol Co(II)/g) and a strong adsorption efficiency (>99.98% Co(II) adsorption at [Co] < 16.00 mM with 4.0 g L−1 of adsorbent). Due to isomorphic substitution behavior, less than 0.2% Co(II) will be leached from the newly formed Co-adsorbed hydrocalumite during the ions stability tests. The present study reveals that Friedel’s salt could be applied as a low cost and high efficiency adsorbent for the removal of cobalt from waste water.

New Sustainable Biosorbent Based on Recycled Deoiled Carob Seeds: Optimization of Heavy Metals Remediation

In this study, an efficient biosorbent was developed from deoiled carob seeds, a agroindustrial waste. The biosorption efficiency was evaluated for cadmium and cobalt ions removal from aqueous solution under various parameters such as treating agent, solution pH, biosorbent dosage, contact time, initial metal ions concentration, and temperature. The effect of some major inorganic ions including Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Al3+on the biosorption was also established. Based on this preliminary study, four independent variables including solution pH, biosorbents dosage, initial metal concentration, and treating agent were chosen for the optimization of the process using full-factorial experimental design. It was found that chemical pretreatment of the raw deoiled carob seeds with NaOH strongly enhances its biosorption potential. Thus, the optimal conditions for high biosorption of cadmium(II) and cobalt(II) were achieved at pH of 6, biosorbent dosage of 1 g/L, and initial metal concentration of 50 mg/L. The biosorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Boehm titration, and the point of zero charge (pHPZC).

Removal of cobalt ion from aqueous solution using magnetic graphene oxide/chitosan composite

The magnetic graphene oxide (GO)/chitosan composite was prepared, characterized, and applied for the removal of cobalt ions from aqueous solutions. One‐step coprecipitation method was used to synthesize magnetic GO/chitosan beads, which were characterized by VMS, FTIR, SEM, and EDX. The composites show a good porous structure and magnetic separation ability. The adsorption process is endothermic (ΔH0 = 12.08 kJ mol−1) and pH in the range of 5–9 has a slight effect on Co2+ adsorption. The adsorption kinetic data could be fitted with the pseudo‐second‐order model (R2 = 0.995) best, followed by the intraparticle diffusion (R2 = 0.950) and pseudo‐first‐order (R2 = 0.943) models. In addition, the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.995) was better at fitting the adsorption equilibrium data than that of the Freundlich (R2 = 0.814) and the Temkin (R2 = 0.806) models. The maximum adsorption capacity (qm) was calculated to be 15.24 mg·g−1 based on the weight of chitosan and GO by the Langmuir model. The magnetic GO/chitosan composite beads can be used for the removal of cobalt ions from aqueous solutions. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: S32–S41, 2019

PAMAM dendrimer-enhanced removal of cobalt ions based on multiple-response optimization using response surface methodology

This study introduces poly(amidoamine) PAMAM dendrimers as new macromolecular complexation agents for Co(II) removal in polymer-assisted ultrafiltration (PAUF). A five-level three-factor design of experiments (DOE), central composite design type, and response surface methodology (RSM) were used together to find out the interaction effects and optimize three variables, i.e., initial Co(II) concentration ([Co2+]0), PAMAM dendrimer-to-Co(II) ratio (r), and pH of solution. Multiple-response simultaneous optimization was conducted by using desirability function. The goal of 73.6% overall desirability was attained for the removal efficiency (R) and metal retention capacity (q). The predicted results obtained for the simultaneous optimization are R = 76.78% and q = 392.09 mg/g. The optimum conditions derived via RSM were found to be as follows: [Co2+]0 = 4.14 mg/L, r = 2, and pH = 9.0. Verification experiments (R = 75.73% and q = 387.32 mg/g) confirmed the validity of the predicted model. The DOE–RSM-utilized and desirability function-optimized PAMAM dendrimer-enhanced ultrafiltration (PAMAM-DEUF) process was used for the first time in this study. The results are comparable to those provided by the reference PAUF technique.

Valorization of Moroccan clay: Application to the adsorption of cobalt ions contained in wastewater synthesized

In this study, we were able to reduce the content of cobalt ions Co2+ contained in wastewater by the natural clay of El Oulja-Sale region Moroccan as an inorganic adsorbent. The different effects of the experimental parameters on the adsorption kinetics were studied, namely, the different masses of adsorbent, the initial concentrations of cobalt ions, the contact time, the rate of stirring and the pH of prepared solutions. The results of the studied parameters in the removal of cobalt ions have been recorded in the following values: 3 g per mass of adsorbent, 200 mg/l of the concentration of cobalt ions, 400 tr/min of speed agitation, 2 fortunes for the contact time and pH equal to 6. According to the adsorption kinetics study and according to the adsorption equations of Langmuir and Freundlich whose linear forms, it was shown that the maximum amount adsorbed of the studied ions metals have been validated by the linear models of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms.

Hydrothermally produced activated carbons from zero-cost green sources for cobalt ions removal

Hydrothermally produced activated carbons from zero-cost green sources for cobalt ions removal

Removal of cobalt ions from aqueous solution using chitosan grafted with maleic acid by gamma radiation

Abstract Chitosan was modified by gamma radiation–induced grafting with maleic acid and then used for the removal of cobalt ions from aqueous solutions. Chitosan-g-maleic acid was characterized by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The effect of the dose (1–5 kGy) and monomer concentration (0.3–1.3%, m/v) on the grafting ratio was examined. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms were also investigated. The results showed that the optimal dose for grafting was 2 kGy. When monomer concentration was within the range of 0.3–1.3% (m/v), the grafting ratio increased almost linearly. For the adsorption of cobalt ions by chitosan-g-maleic acid beads, the pseudo second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.99) and Temkin isotherm model (R2 = 0.96) were able to fit the experimental data reasonably well. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of cobalt ions increased from 2.00 mg/g to 2.78 mg/g after chitosan modification.

Removal of cobalt ions from simulated radioactive wastewater by vacuum membrane distillation

The separation of cobalt ions (Co2+) by vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) process with commercial polypropylene hollow fibers membrane was investigated. The effect of operational parameters, including feed temperature (30–70 °C), permeate vacuum degree (0.10–0.98 atm) and feed flow rate (10.5–41.8 L/h), on the membrane flux was examined. The Pearson correlation analysis was employed to evaluate the significance of different operating parameters to the permeate flux. The results showed that permeate vacuum was the most significant to membrane flux (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.621). The mass transfer mechanism during Co2+ separation was analyzed and Knudsen diffusion was proved to be the dominant mass transfer mechanism during VMD process. Dusty gas model could estimate the membrane flux well with average relative error of 5.21%. VMD method has shown its potential in the treatment of cobalt-containing wastewater.

Recovery of Anionic Surfactant Through Acidification/Ultrafiltration in a Micellar-Enhanced Ultrafiltration Process for Cobalt Removal

In this article, removal of cobalt ions from synthetic liquid wastes aimed at surfactant and water reuse was carried out using a micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) process, adding an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate or SDS), with a lab-scale ceramic ultrafiltration membrane. In the first part of the study, ultrafiltration was studied to define the removal yields of cobalt from initial solutions. During these experiments, the effect of membrane size (1–210 kDa) and surfactant concentration (0-4-10 mM) was studied. Results showed a positive effect of surfactant on removal efficiency; maximum yields (>90%), with an initial cobalt concentration of 9.7 mg/L, were obtained by using the highest level of surfactant. After ultrafiltration, separation of metal and recovery of surfactant was carried out by acidification with sulfuric acid followed by another step of ultrafiltration. Results of the second series of experiments showed that separation yields for cobalt >96% could be obtained after acidification to a pH = 1. Regarding SDS recovery, as a consequence of acidification, the pore size of the membrane was enlarged so that SDS micelles could pass through the membrane, resulting in lower yields with respect to metal rejection. In this article, hence, the technical feasibility of MEUF combined with acidification to remove heavy metals and recover surfactant was demonstrated. This last step is important to reduce the high operative costs due to the use of surfactant.

Simultaneous detection and removal of cobalt ions from aqueous solution by modified chitosan beads

In this paper, we modified chitosan beads in order to simultaneously detect and adsorb Co2+ from aqueous solution. Firstly, 4-(5-chloro-2-pyridylazo)-1,3-phenylenediamine (5-Cl-PADAB) was used as selective probe for Co2+ with color changing from yellow to pink, and the UV–Vis spectra showed that the λ max changed from 439 to 504 nm. Then a novel biomaterial was synthesized with 5-Cl-PADAB (metal indicator), chitosan (biosorbent) and EDTA anhydride (cross-linker and chelating agent). The analysis of Fourier transform infrared and energy-dispersive X-ray spectra proved that 5-Cl-PADAB and EDTA were successfully connected to chitosan. The modified chitosan bead was selective probe for Co2+ with a remarkable color change from white to pink, and the UV–Vis spectra showed that the λ max changed from 441 to 459 nm. The adsorption of cobalt ions onto the modified chitosan beads followed pseudo-second-order (R 2 = 0.99) kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model (R 2 = 0.80). Comparing with chitosan beads, the q e of the modified one increased from 2.00 to 7.97 mg/g. The modified chitosan beads are promising biomaterial for simultaneous detection and removal of Co2+ from aqueous solution.

Modified alginate beads as biosensor and biosorbent for simultaneous detection and removal of cobalt ions from aqueous solution

A novel biomaterial was prepared to simultaneously detect and remove cobalt ions from aqueous solution by modifying alginate (AG) polymer with a high selectivity and sensitive indicator for Co2+, 4‐(5‐chloro‐2‐pyridylazo)‐1,3‐phenylenediamine (5‐Cl‐PADAB). The analysis of FT‐IR spectra proved that 5‐Cl‐PADAB was covalently connected to AG. The modified AG beads can effectively adsorb Co2+ and indicate the presence of Co2+ in aqueous solution. After adsorption of Co2+, the color of the modified AG beads changed from yellow to pink, resulting in a noticeable change, which can be observed by naked eyes. The adsorption of Co2+ by the modified AG beads can be described by pseudo second‐order kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm model. The AG bead modified with an indicator is a promising biosensor and biosorbent for simultaneous detection and removal of cobalt ions from aqueous solution. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 260–266, 2018

Efficient Removal of Cobalt from Aqueous Solution by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies

Abstract This article deals with the removal of cobalt ions using zinc oxide nanopowder. The nanomaterial was prepared via the sol–gel method under supercritical drying. The nanomaterial was characterised via XRD, SEM, EDX, FTIR, and BET surface area techniques. The kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamic studies of the metal ions adsorption on the nanomaterial were conducted in batch mode experiments by varying some parameters such as pH, contact time, initial ion concentrations, nanoparticles dose, and temperature. The data revealed significant dependence of the adsorption process on concentration, and the temperature was found to enhance the adsorption rate indicating an endothermic nature of the adsorption. The adsorption complied well with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The adsorption process was found to match the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The ZnO nanoparticles could successfully remove up to 125 mg·g−1 of Co(II) ions at elevated temperature. The metal ions adsorption could be described as an endothermic, spontaneous physisorption process. A mechanism for the metal ions adsorption was proposed.

Removal of cobalt ions from aqueous solution by forward osmosis

Abstract The performance of Co(II) removal from aqueous solution by forward osmosis (FO) was investigated. NaCl solutions were used as the draw solutions (DS). The effects of membrane characteristics, feed solutions properties, DS concentration, cross-flow rates on FO performance (water flux, Co(II) flux and retention, and reverse NaCl flux) were determined. The separation mechanisms under the various operational conditions were discussed. Changes of the FO membrane after Co(II) separation were characterized. The results show that CTA-ES featured the highest water fluxes of 15.5 ± 0.5 L m−2 h−1 at AL-FS and 23.4 ± 2.5 L m−2 h−1 at AL-DS among the three membranes. The active layer charge of the FO membrane was a main factor affecting Co(II) retention by FO. The texture of the support layer played a great role in the water permeability and reverse NaCl flux. The optimal operational conditions for Co(II) retention was NaCl concentration of 1.0 M in DS, the cross-flow rates of 11 and 5 cm s−1 at the feed and DS sides respectively. After used, the active layer of the CTA-ES membrane became more rough and hydrophobic. Co might attach to the membrane and became the membrane foulants. FO process could be an alternative technology for radioactive wastewater.

An economically viable method for the removal of cobalt ions from aqueous solution using raw and modified rice straw

Cobalt contamination in wastewater from industries has been increased in many countries including Egypt. Adsorption is the most progressively for heavy metals, removing from wastewater by using agricultural waste and by-products such as rice straw. Unmodified and modified rice straw has been evaluated as their ability to bind with metal ions. In this study, four characterizations of raw rice straw have been conducted. The morphological characteristics by SEM, EDXA, and the functional group present in the rice straw by FTIR spectroscopy and the XRD technique. Rice straw contains about OH functional group that can bind with metal ions. To be able to enhance the sorption capacity of rice straw in metals, removing from waste water, alkali treatment should be done. This shows that rice straw can be used as adsorbent for removing cobalt ions from wastewater. The effect of pH, amount of adsorbent, different concentrations of cobalt, sorption kinetics and isotherms were studied in batch experiments. The good correlation coefficient was obtained from pseudo second-order kinetic model, which agreed with conception as the rate-limiting mechanism. Sorption isotherm test showed that equilibrium sorption data were better represented by Langmuir model than the Freundlich model. The thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH, ΔS, ΔG and Ea are also calculated.

Kinetic studies of cobalt ion removal from aqueous solutions using fly ash-based geopolymer and zeolite NaX as sorbents

ABSTRACTThis study explored the cobalt ions removal efficiency from aqueous solutions by the sorption process on geopolymer and zeolite NaX. The influence of concentration and temperature on the sorption process was examined. FTIR and SEM analyses were conducted to elucidate the structure of sorbents. An additional goal was to test the experimental kinetic data using several kinetic models. A kinetic study has shown that the best fit is achieved when the Blanchard model was applied, suggesting that the sorption of cobalt ions on geopolymer and zeolite NaX is a second-order reaction.

The kinetic studies of the cobalt ion removal from aqueous solutions by dolomite-based sorbent

The kinetics of Co(II) ions adsorption on thermally activated dolomite was studied with respect to the calcination temperature of natural dolomite. The sorption of Co(II) onto all samples is reasonably fast: The first 30–35 min accounts for approximately 70–80 % of Co(II) removal from feed solutions. In order to select the main rate-determining step in the overall uptake mechanism, a series of experiments were performed and data obtained were interpreted in terms of film diffusion control, intraparticle diffusion, pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. From the modeling of kinetic data, it can be concluded that adsorption of Co(II) ions from aqueous solution by heat-treated dolomite is a complex phenomenon and occurs in a mixed diffusion mode—the kinetic data are well described by the pseudo-second-order equation. The possible multistage sorption mechanism involving film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion control steps as well as chemical interaction between Co(II) ions and calcined dolomite is proposed.

Modeling of fixed-bed column studies for removal of cobalt ions from aqueous solution using Chrysanthemum indicum

The present study investigates the adsorption capability of raw and biochar forms of Chrysanthemum indicum flowers biomass to remove cobalt ions from aqueous solution in a fixed-bed column. Column adsorption experiments were conducted by varying the bed height (1.0, 2.0, 3.0 cm), flow rate (1.0, 2.5, 5.0 mL min−1) and initial cobalt ion concentration (25, 50, 75 mg L−1) to obtain the experimental breakthrough curves. The adsorption capacity of the raw and biochar forms of C. indicum flowers were found to be 14.84 and 28.34 mg g−1, respectively, for an initial ion concentration of 50 mg L−1 at 1.0 cm bed height and 1.0 mL min−1 flow rate for Co (II) ion adsorption. Adam–Bohart, Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models were applied to the experimental column data to analyze the column performance. The Thomas model was found to best represent the column data with the predicted and experimental uptake capacity values correlating well and with higher R 2 values for all the varying process parameters. Desorption studies revealed the suitability of the adsorbents for repeated use up to four adsorption–desorption cycles without significant loss in its efficiency. It can thus be inferred from the fixed-bed column studies that C. indicum flowers can suitably be used as an effective adsorbent for Co (II) ion removal from aqueous solution on a higher scale.

Experimental design for the optimization of preparation conditions of highly efficient activated carbon from Glebionis coronaria L. and heavy metals removal ability

The objective of this study was the utilization of Glebionis coronaria L. biomass as a new precursor to produce highly efficient activated carbons by potassium hydroxide activation and their evaluation for heavy metals removal. The effects of four factors controlling the activation process, such as carbonization temperature (500–600°C), activation temperature (400–500°C), activation time (1–2h) and impregnation ratio (g KOH/g carbon) (1–2) were investigated. To reduce the number of experiments, full factorial experimental design at two levels (24) was used to achieve optimal preparation conditions and better conditions for the removal of cadmium and cobalt ions from aqueous solutions. The experimental results showed that the activation time was the most significant factor with a positive impact for iodine number and a negative effect on methylene blue index. Further, and in same as, the interaction between activation time and impregnation ratio had a positive effect on iodine number and negative effect on methylene blue index. Therefore, the removal of cadmuim and cobalt ions onto activated carbons was more influenced by activation temperature and activation time with a negative effect. Although, the interaction between activation time and impregnation ratio was the most significant factor influencing the cadmium and cobalt ions removal. Based on the statistical data, the best conditions for the removal of cadmium and cobalt by Glebionis coronaria L. based activated carbons were indicated. Thus, the maximum iodine number and methylene blue index obtained under these experimental conditions were 752.69mg/g and 284.04mg/g respectively. Further, the optimized activated carbons were used in sorption isotherm. The maximum sorption capacities obtained with the application of the Langmuir isotherm model are 115.99, 106.93mg/g for cadmium sorption and 44.85, 46.80mg/g for cobalt sorption onto AC carbonized at 400°C, activated at 500°C during 1h with an impregnation ratio of 2g/g and AC pyrolized at 600°C and activated at 500°C for 1h with an impregnation ratio of 2g/g respectively. Those sorption efficiencies were shown greater than those of a commercial activated carbon used in water treatment.