Removal Of Basic Dyes Research Articles

Application of Polythiophene–Sawdust Nano-Biocomposite for Basic Dye Removal Using a Continuous System

A novel dye adsorbent was developed by a poly (3-methyl thiophene) nano layer coated onto sawdust obtained from Narra wood. The polymer was synthesized chemically under in-situ conditions on the surface of the sawdust. Methylene blue, a typical cationic textile dye, was employed as a test probe for adsorption experiments. The experiments were conducted in both batch and fixed-bed column systems. The effects of variables such as pH, initial dye concentration, flow rate, and bed height were investigated. The Thomas dynamic model was applied to calculate the sorption capacity of adsorbents. Based on the breakthrough curves analysis, the highest column capacity of 191 mg/g was obtained. The introduced nano-biocomposite was found to be more than seven times more efficient than unmodified sawdust for methylene blue removal. The regeneration of the modified sawdust is quite possible using 0.10 M HCl in ethanol as a washing solution with high efficiency.

Alkaline treatment of timber sawdust: A straightforward route toward effective low-cost adsorbent for the enhanced removal of basic dyes from aqueous solutions

The present study assesses the ability of two low-cost adsorbents – timber sawdust (TS–OH) and its alkaline treated analog (TS–ONa) – to remove two basic dyes, namely, Methylene Blue and Methyl Green, from aqueous solutions. The presence of new functional groups on the surface of TS–ONa resulted in a dramatic increase of surface polarity and the density of sorption sites, thereby improving the sorption efficiency of the cationic dyes. The results obtained from the sorption characteristics have revealed that the sorption process for TS–ONa was uniform and rapid. The adsorption of cationic dyes reached equilibrium within the first 10min of contact time and the treated material acts efficiently in a wide pH range of dye solutions. The extent of adsorption was measured through equilibrium sorption isotherms and analyzed using the Langmuir model. The monolayer saturation capacities for Methylene Blue are 694.44 and 1928.31mgg−1 and for Methyl Green are 892.86 and 1821.33mgg−1 for TS–OH and TS–ONa, respectively. Therefore, the chemically treated sawdust proved two- to threefold higher adsorption capacities of these dyes than those of the untreated analog. The exothermic nature of adsorption is demonstrated by a decrease of adsorption capacity with increasing temperature, and the negative value of free energy change indicated the spontaneity of adsorption. Desorption experiments with 1M aqueous NaCl put into evidence that cationic dyes were completely desorbed from the matrices and the reusability of the TS–ONa matrix after three repeated cycles led to just a slight attenuation in its performance. These results show that alkaline treatment of a low value by-product of the timber industry leads to a powerful and efficient low-cost adsorbent, which may be used for the treatment of colored wastewaters.

Use of Forestry Wastes for Biosorption of Dyes and Cr (VI)

The pine cone and oak cups pulp were used as low‐cost adsorbents for the removal of basic (Basic Red 18) and acidic (Acid Red 111) dyes and Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions. The adsorbents were modified by HNO3 to improve their biosorption capacity. The adsorbents were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. The zeta potential was determined as a function of the pH, in order to explain the effect of pH on electrostatic adsorption ability of biosorbent. Modification of adsorbents with nitric acid led to an increase in accessibility of some functional groups on the surface or a decrease in negativity of surface charge. The modification of pine cone increased its adsorption capacity for the basic dye, whereas the modification of oak cups pulp decreased the adsorption ability for basic dye to some extent. The adsorption isotherms fitted the Langmuir model. The adsorption capacities were found to be 142.85, 158.73, and 156.20 mg g‐1 for modified and raw pine cone and oak cups pulp, respectively. The acidic dye and Cr (VI) adsorptions were much lower compared to basic dye on all tested adsorbents. The results indicated that the forest wastes (pine cone and oak cups pulp) were an attractive candidate for basic dyes from aqueous solution.

Usage of Biogenic Apatite (Fish Bones) on Removal of Basic Fuchsin Dye from Aqueous Solution

The contamination with toxic dyes is the most important problem facing all over the world for water sources, environment and living beings. Therefore, in present study, the removal of fuchsin dye from aqueous environment was investigated using fish bones as source of biogenic apatite to the best removal efficiency. The removal efficiency of the adsorbent was investigated as a function of contact time and initial dye concentration. The highest removal capacity was found to 14.75 mg/g. The experimental data generally exhibit a good compliance with the pseudo-second-order equation. Langmuir and Freundlich models were also applied to experimental equilibrium data to find the best adsorption isotherm. Weber-Morris and Urano-Tachikawa models were used to calculate diffusion constants. The results were showed that fish bones can be effectively used as a sorbent for the removal of basic dyes from aqueous solutions.

Removal of Basic Fuchsin Dye by Adsorption Onto Polyacrylamide/Laponite Nanocomposite Hydrogels

A novel nanocomposite hydrogel was prepared by in situ radical polymerization of acrylamide monomers in the suspension of laponite clay without any chemical crosslinkers. Comparing with pure poly(acrylamide) hydrogel, adsorption ability toward the cationic dye was improved significantly. With the increase of laponite content, there had no obvious increase of adsorption toward basic fuchsin. With the increase of acrylamide monomer from 0.5 to 2.5 g, the adsorption toward basic fuchsin was increased from 4.62 to 24.45 mg/g. When the pH value of basic fuchsin solution was varied from 7.5 to 3.0, the adsorption toward basic fuchsin was decreased from 23.77 to 12.67 mg/g. When the temperature of dye solution was increased from 30 to 60°C, the adsorption toward basic fuchsin was increased from 20.16 to 22.60 mg/g. Such material is expected to be a good adsorbent for water pollutants such as cationic dyes and treatment of these organic contaminants from wastewater.

Investigation on adsorptive removal of basic dye by seaweed-derived biosorbent: considering effects of sorbent dosage, ionic strength and agitation speed

Abstract Discharge of dyes from industries such as textile, cosmetic, paint and ink is one of the main concerns around the world nowadays. In the present study, locally available brown seaweed, Sargassum binderi was used to remove a basic dye – Basic Yellow 11 (BY11) – from aqueous solution. In batch sorption process, affecting parameters such as sorbent dosage, ionic strength and agitation rate were investigated for the optimum removal of BY11. The optimal sorption of BY11 (with more than 80% of uptake) was attained by contacting 1 g of dried S. binderi at 200 rpm in 100 mg/L of BY11 solution containing 500 mmol/L NaCl. By considering the effect of sorbent dosage, the adsorption mechanisms complied well with the Freundlich model (R 2 = 0.94) which suggested that the adsorption of BY11 could be attributed to the functional groups on the cell wall via the multiple layer adsorption process. Value of an important Freundlich constant (n) is 1.27, indicating a favourable adsorption process. The results of present study highlighted the practicability and potential of marine seaweeds as a low cost biosorbent in treating dyecontaminated wastewater.

Preparation of Comb-Type Magnetic Beads by Surface-Initiated ATRP: Modification with Nitrilotriacetate Groups for Removal of Basic Dyes

Magnetic poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (p(HEMA-EGDMA)) beads were synthesized via suspension polymerization. To prepare a novel core–shell type resin, the magnetic beads were grafted with poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (p(GMA)) via the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) method. The grafted p(GMA) fibrous chains on the magnetic beads were modified with nitrilotriacetate (NTA). The magnetic beads were characterized by FTIR, SEM, and VSM. The carboxyl group content of the p(HEMA-EGDMA-g-GMA)-NTA resin was found to be 9.63 mmol g–1 of beads by the potentiometric titration method. The adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) and Methylene Blue (MB) as basic dyes by the NTA-modified magnetic beads was investigated. The influence of different experimental parameters such as pH, contact time, and temperature on the removal process was evaluated. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 230.1 and 197.5 mg/g for CV and MB, respectively. The adsorption p...

Removal of Methylene Blue from Waste Water Using Activated Carbon Prepared from Rice Husk

The possible utilization of rice husk activated carbon as an adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions has been investigated. In this study, activated carbons, prepared from low-cost rice husk by sulfuric acid and zinc chloride activation, were used as the adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue, a basic dye, from aqueous solutions. Effects of various experimental parameters, such as adsorbent dosage and particle size, initial dye concentration, pH and flow rate were investigated in column process. The maximum uptakes of methylene blue by activated rice husk carbon at optimized conditions (particle sizes: 140 ?m; Flow rate: 1.4 mL/min; pH: 10.0; initial volume of methylene blue: 50 mL and initial concentration of methylene blue: 4.0 mg/L etc.) were found to 97.15%. The results indicate that activated carbon of rice husk could be employed as low-cost alternatives to commercial activated carbon in waste water treatment for the removal of basic dyes. This low cost and effective removal method may provide a promising solution for the removal of crystal violet dye from wastewater.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i2.11491 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(2): 185-189, 2012 (July)

Application of Nano Surfactant Modified Biosorbent as an Efficient Adsorbent for Dye Removal

In the current study, sorption of methylene blue dye (MB) from aqueous solutions, using sawdust modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS/SD) has been investigated. Sorption experiments were performed using batch and fixed-bed column systems. The effects of important parameters, such as pH, initial dye concentration, flow rate, and bed depth on the sorption of MB dye have been studied. Thomas and the bed-depth service time model (BDST) were applied for analysis of sorption data and estimating of sorption capacity. In order to drive adsorption isotherms, sorption experiments were conducted in batch mode and the treatment of the obtained data were carried out using the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. Based on the breakthrough analysis obtained from continuous sorption experiments, the highest column capacity of 129.68 mg g−1 was obtained for the SDS/SD adsorbent. The results of this study indicated that surfactant-modified sawdust is much more effective for basic MB dye removal compared to untreated sawdust (SD) and the exhausted SDS/SD column can be easily regenerated using dilute HCl solution with high performance (>95%). The results of this study also indicated the successful applicability of the introduced adsorbent as a very efficient and cost effective adsorbent for the removal of cationic dye molecules from aqueous wastes.

Effect of Surfactants and Electrolyte on Removal and Recovery of Basic Dye by Using Ficus Carica Cellulosic Fibers as Biosorbent

Abstract Natural cellulosic fiber derived from Ficus carica, was used as eco-friendly biosorbent after alkali treatment for methylene blue dye remediation from aqueous system. The biosorbent was characterized by instrumental techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The equilibrium behavior of the biosorbent was investigated in presence of electrolyte and surfactants by batch adsorption experiments. It was observed that in presence of ionic surfactants such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDS) and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTABr), the adsorption capacity decreased from 38.97 mg g–1 to 35.64 mg g–1 and 36.75 mg g–1 respectively. The equilibrium data were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and were best represented by the Langmuir isotherm model. The pseudo second order kinetic model adequately describes the kinetic data in comparison to first order model. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption was endothermic and spontaneous. The desorption studies illustrated that the removal of methylene blue dye at optimized condition was 64.95%, out of which 41.53% of methylene blue dye can be recovered by desorption in first cycle. Thus, the biosorbent used in this work proved to be effective materials for the treatment of dye contaminated aqueous systems.

Oreganum Stalks as a New Biosorbent to Remove Textile Dyes from Aqueous Solutions

AbstractIn the present study, Oreganum onites L. stalks in natural and chemically modified with HNO3 and H3PO4 used as adsorbent for removal of both acidic and basic dyes from waters. The adsorption was studied as a function of pH and contact time by batch method. All tested biosorbents were characterized by FT‐IR, scanning electron microscopy, and measuring the pH dependence of the zeta potential. The adsorption isotherms were fitted to Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity of dyes was 280.73 mg g−1 for Basic Red 18, 147.06 mg g−1 for methylene blue and 112.36 for Acid Red 111, which is comparable to that of other lignocellulosic materials. The modification process was considerably increased the biosorption capacity of lignocellulosic material, resulting in a 56–63% increase in the biosorption capacity of basic dyes and a 125% increase in the biosorption capacity of acidic dye. The present study illustrated that the most effective factors in the adsorption of basic dye were surface charge and acidic groups on lignocellulosic biosorbents, while non‐electrostatic forces as well as electrostatic forces were also effective in the adsorption of acidic dye. In conclusion, Oreganum stalks can be considered as a very prospective adsorbent for the removal of tested basic and acidic dyes.

Comparison of organic dyes removal mechanism in electrocoagulation process using iron and aluminum anodes

The removal of Reactive red 43, as a model pollutant, and some organic dyes with different structures by electrocoagulation process was investigated using iron (EC‐Fe) and aluminum (EC‐Al) anodes to explain dyes removal mechanism differences in EC‐Fe and EC‐Al processes. First, the effects of current density, electrolysis time and pH on the removal of Reactive Red 43were studied. The maximum removal efficiency (RE) was obtained in relatively acidic medium (pH = 4.25) in the first 12 minutes of EC‐Al. While, in EC‐Fe, a significant lag time between the starting of the process and initiation of considerable dye removal was observed. The color RE was supplemented with determining the RE of chemical oxygen demand. The COD values were determined for decolorization of solution containing 50 mg/L of RR43 and after 24 min of processes when the applied current density to monopolar batch electrochemical reactor was 25 A/m2. The COD removal efficiencies for the mentioned conditions were 73.92% and 97.12% for EC‐Al and EC‐Fe processes, respectively. The kinetics studies were carried out for both EC‐Al and EC‐Fe processes. In the similar operational conditions, the removal of basic dyes was not considerable by EC‐Al. However, the RE of anionic dyes was improved with the addition of the number of sulfonate substituted groups. The maximum RE of all cationic and anionic dyes (RE > 90%) was achieved using EC‐Fe. The enmeshment of dyes on iron oxide/hydroxide precipitates and charge neutralization were the main removal mechanisms in EC‐Fe and EC‐Al processes, respectively. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 32: 547–556, 2013

Removal of basic dyes in binary system by adsorption using rarasaponin–bentonite: Revisited of extended Langmuir model

The preparation of organo-bentonite via microwave radiation using natural surfactant (i.e. rarasaponin) from the tropical soapfruit pericarps of Sapindus rarak was conducted in this work. The adsorption performance of bentonite and its modified form was studied for the removal of two dyes (i.e. methylene blue and malachite green) in single and binary systems. Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied to evaluate adsorption equilibrium data in single systems. From physical meaning interpretation of the model parameters, it was found that Langmuir model gave the best representation. A new approach in representing binary experimental isotherms with extended Langmuir model incorporating fractional surface coverage in 3D mesh plot was also verified. The results show that recently proposed modification of extended Langmuir model could be used to evaluate binary adsorption data well with reasonable fitted parameter value.

Removal of hazardous dye Ponceau-S by using chitin: An organic bioadsorbent

There are numbers of applications of chitin for the removal of basic dyes and other colored organics from industrial effluents. In present research article there is focus on the preparation of bioadsorbent chitin and its application for the removal Ponceau-S dye from the aqueous solution by using chitin as an organic bioadsorbent. Chitin was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Different parameters have been studied such as initial dye concentration, pH, contact time and adsorbent dose etc. In experimental study it is seen that the higher percent removal of Ponceau-S dye at optimum pH 3.5. Kinetics and equilibrium studies were also carried out by using the chitin which fit for Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm and kinetic study follows second order mechanism. Key words : Chitin, Ponceau-S, organic bioadsorbent, colored organic, industrial effluents.

Removal of Cationic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions using Microspherical Particles of Fly Ash

Batch sorption experiments were carried out for the removal of cationic dyes (methylene blue and malachite green) from their aqueous solutions using sorbent made from fly ash-a waste material. Effects of various experimental parameters: initial dye concentration, contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage, solution temperature, surfactant addition and ionic strength on the fly ash sorption of dyes were evaluated. The isothermal data for sorption followed the Langmuir model. The maximum sorption capacity obtained for methylene blue and malachite green was 36.05 mg/g and 40.65 mg/g, respectively. Kinetic studies indicate that sorption on fly ash follows the pseudo-second order kinetics. Present research suggests that fly ash could be an appropriate adsorbent for the removal of basic dyes from aqueous solutions.

Preparation of sulfonated poly(ethylene terephthalate) submicron fibrous membranes for removal of basic dyes

AbstractIn this investigation, a nanofibrous sulfonated poly(ethylene terephthalate) (SPET) membrane was prepared by electrospinning of the SPET solution in trifluoroaceticacid (TFA)/dichloromethane (DCM) mixture. The produced nanofibers had diameter ranging from 300 nm to 1 μm. The performance of this membrane's separation process was evaluated under different operating conditions. The influence of the electrospinning and filtration process parameters, such as concentration, applied voltage, deposition time, operating pressure, and filtration time on rejection of C.I. Basic Blue 3 were studied. The dead‐end recirculation ultrafiltration set‐up was employed. Under optimum conditions (concentration of 20% (w/v) of SPET, applied voltage of 20 kV and deposition time of 3 h) the removal of the aforementioned dye was 98%. Operating pressure has posed a significant influence on the membrane's separation performance, whereas the operating time had some effect on the separation performance. Two equilibrium adsorption isotherms: Langmuir and Freundlich were fitted to the dyes' equilibrium sorption data on SPET membrane at different feed concentrations. The Freundlich isotherm was found to well represent the measured adsorption data based on the higher coefficient of determination (r2). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012

Removal of basic dyes from aqueous environment in single and binary systems by sugarcane bagasse in a fixed-bed column

Removal of basic dyes from aqueous environment in single and binary systems by sugarcane bagasse in a fixed-bed column

Removal of basic dyes from aqueous environment in single and binary systems by sugarcane bagasse in a fixed-bed column

Abstract The ability of natural sugarcane bagasse in the removal of Basic Blue 3, Methylene Blue and Basic Yellow 11 in both single and binary system from aqueous solutions was studied. Important parameters such as influent concentration, flow rate and sorbent dosage were investigated. Results revealed that the breakthroughs were influent concentration, flow rate and bed height dependent. Increase in influent concentration and flow rate resulted in faster breakthrough while increase in column height yielded longer service time. The sorption data were applied to the Thomas, Belter and Chu, and bed-depth service time (BDST) model. Theoretical breakthrough curves generated using Chu model agreed closely with the experimental values for all the dye systems under studied. In the regeneration study, BB3 dye could be recovered almost quantitatively by eluting the column with 0.1 M HCl and the column could be used repeatedly for at least 3 cycles.

Adsorption of Basic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions by Depolymerization Products of Post‐Consumer PET Bottles

AbstractThe purpose of this work is the removal of basic dyes (Safranine T and Brilliant Green) from aqueous media by depolymerization products (DP) obtained from aminoglycolysis of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The surface morphology and physical properties of depolymerization product were also determined. Adsorption behaviors (adsorption capacities, adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms) of these samples were realized at room temperature. Then, the amounts of residual dye concentrations were measured using Visible Spectrophotometer at 530 and 618 nm for Safranine T (ST) and Brilliant Green (BG), respectively. All adsorption experiments were carried out for different depolymerization products (DP1, DP2, DP3, and DP4). Adsorption capacities of depolymerization products for both of dyes decrease with following order: DP2 > DP4 > DP1 > DP3. The maximum adsorption capacities for ST and BG onto DP2 sample were found to be 29 and 33 mg g−1, respectively. In addition, the adsorption kinetic results show that the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model is more suitable than pseudo‐first‐order model for the adsorption of basic dyes onto DP samples. Adsorption data were evaluated using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. The results revealed that the adsorption of basic dyes onto DP sample fit very well Langmuir isotherm model. In conclusion, the depolymerization products of post‐consumer PET bottles can be used as low cost adsorbent for the removal of basic dyes from wastewaters.

A simplified method for synthesis of Fe3O4@PAA nanoparticles and its application for the removal of basic dyes

A simplified method for synthesis of polyacrylic acid-bound iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PAA NPs) was reported. The as-prepared nanoparticles were characterized by TEM, FT-IR, VSM and XRD. Characterization results indicated that PAA was successfully introduced onto the surface of Fe3O4 and did not cause any changes in magnetic property. The Fe3O4@PAA NPs were used to adsorb rhodamine 6G (R6G) as a model basic dye pollutant from aqueous solution. Kinetics data and adsorption isotherms were better fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm, respectively. The adsorption equilibrium could be reached at about 20min, showing that the as-prepared adsorbent exhibited extremely rapid adsorption rate. The aqueous solution of the Yellow River was chosen as the test sample, and the results showed that the magnetic adsorbent was efficient for the removal of the basic dye in the real sample.