Removal Efficiency Of SS Research Articles

Backwashing Sludge Utilization of Biological Aerated Filter (BAF)

The characteristics of biological aerated filter (BAF) backwashing sludge and the combined coagulation efficiency of chemical coagulant and biological sludge, and the properties of the settled sludge produced in the utilization process were investigated. The results showed that the backwashing sludge had preferable biological flocculation ability. A promising treatment performance, which sufficed the influent requirement of BAF was observed whether by using the backwashing sludge or combined using chemical coagulant and biological sludge in the enhanced domestic wastewater pretreatment process. The removal efficiency of COD, SS and TP were up to 74.6%、81.9% and 84.2% respectively where as backwashing sludge dosage was 38~76mg and FeCl3 dosage was 30mg per liter domestic wastewater.

Preparation of spherical foamed body with function of media for waste water treatment by using waste LCD glass

Using waste LCD glass as a base material helped developed the manufacturing process of the spherical foamed body and its varied functionality. Also, the manufactured spherical foamed body showed great performance as a water treatment media. By mixing 90wt% of waste LCD glass, 100 parts by weight of glass mixture that has 10wt% kaolinite as a shaping agent, 1.0 part by weight of carbon foaming agent, and mixture of each 1.5 parts by weight of Na2CO3, CaCO3 and Na2SO4 as foaming agents and the MgO as a parting agent for 10min of foaming calcination in the rotary kiln at 970–1000°C, the spherical foamed body can be manufactured effectively. The manufactured spherical foamed body performed as a great water treatment media by showing 70.5% of SS removal efficiency, 56.1% of BOD removal efficiency, 57.5% of COD removal efficiency, 28.6% of denitrification and 49.8% of phosphorous removal.

Study on Wastewater Contaminant Removal Efficiency by Carbon Fiber Ecological Grass

The aim of this study is to investigate the contaminant removal efficiency in wastewater when disposed by carbon fiber ecological grass. The paper analyzed the TN, TP, CODMn, NH4+-N and SS removal efficiency when used different dosage of carbon fiber ecological grass. The research results indicated that the contaminant removal efficiency at pH=8 is higher than pH=6, 7 and 9. When DO between 5.6 and 8, the TN, TP and NH4+-N removal efficiency has a highest level, the removal efficiency is 83.91%, 68.16% and 83.3% respectively. When DO between 8.1 and 10.7, the CODMn removal efficiency has a highest level, the removal efficiency is 57.93%. The stirring rate is important to the contaminant adsorption and removal. Consequently, selecting carbon fiber ecological grass in wastewater treatment is a good choice.

Pilot-scale study on preserving eutrophic landscape pond water with a combined recycling purification system

Landscape ponds are vulnerable to eutrophication due to continuous pollutant load from surface run-off and excessive fish feeding. A combined recycling purification system consisting of an aquatic plant filter, bio-zeolite filter, bio-ceramic filter, gravel bed filter, and in situ algal control facility was built to solve this problem. The advantage of this system is its ability to preserve landscape pond water quality and control algal biomass without periodically refreshing water. A pilot-scale experiment was conducted within an artificial landscape pond. The results suggested that the system performed well in pollutant removal; the removal efficiencies for SS, TN, NH4+-N, NO3−-N, NO2−-N, and PO43−-P were all above 50% at hydraulic loading rate of 1.2m/d. The aquatic plant filter performed the best for SS, NH4+-N and phosphorus removal. The bio-ceramic filter accounted for the primary COD removal. The gravel bed filter built for denitrophication eliminated 60.6% of TN load and 62.0% of NO3−-N load. When the purification system was stopped, the pond water quality deteriorated rapidly in six days. When the system resumed operation, COD, TP, TN immediately declined in the landscape area. Additionally, the purification system showed high efficiency in algal removal. To further understand the algal reduction mechanism, floating plants and the aerator were removed. In response, an increase of Chl-a was observed, suggesting that in situ treatment was an important supplement to the purification system.

생물 저류 방법 적용을 통한 비점오염원 처리시설의 성능평가에 관한 연구

미국 환경 보호청(Environmental Protection Agency, EPA)의 생물저류 설계기준에 근거한 비점오염원 처리시설의 제거효율 및 성능을 분석하고자 기본 모형 실험장치(basic column reactor, BCR)와 파일럿 규모의 식생 실험 장치를 대상으로 각각 수행하였다. BCR을 이용하여 초기강우 유출수의 유입속도(유량), 식재 층의 조성 및 구성 비율, 등 처리시설의 설계에 필요한 적정인자 값을 도출하였으며 이를 식생 실험 장치에 적용하여 비점오염원의 제거 효율을 분석하였다. 비점오염원으로는 합성된 강우(synthetic rainfall)와 실제 현장(도로변과 주차장)에서 채수한 초기강우 유출수(first rainfall runoff)를 각각 사용하였다. 부유물질(Suspended Solid, SS), 생물학적 산소 요구량(Biochemical oxygen demand, BOD), 화학적 산소요구량(Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD), 총질소(Total Nitrogen, T-N), 총인(Total Phosphorus, T-P) 분석항목 모두 80% 이상을 상회하는 제거효율을 보이고 있음을 확인하였다. This study was purposed and performed to evaluate removal efficiency of non-point source pollution in the process and system based on bio-retention design criteria regulated by EPA. Basic Column Reactors (BCR) were prepared for optimal determinations of inflow rate of first rainfall runoff and composition and ratio of soil layers. Removal efficiencies of non-point source pollution from synthetic runoff and real first rainfall runoff, directly sampled from motor way and parking lot, were analyzed, respectively. Removal efficiency of SS, BOD, COD, T-N, and T-P were all shown to be more than 80%.

The Research of Micro-Flocculation Suspended Sludge Filtration Technology in the Treatment of Oilfield Wastewater

Enhanced Oil Recovery has been used in most oil field of China, but the oil field wastewater was more difficult to treat than that from water flooding. In this paper, FX flocculants (FX-F) prepared in our laboratory was chosen as the optimal flocculants compared with aluminium polychlorid (PAC), polyaluminium ferric chloride (PAFC). The optimal dosage of FX flocculants was 4 mg/L based on the field test, at which the SS content of treated oil field wastewater reduced sharply within 10 hours. The 15 mg/L of the FX-F would be the most convenient to form the sludge layer. Taking FX-F as flocculants, the oil field wastewater was treated in the micro-flocculation suspended sludge filtration process, and the results showed that the SS and Oil of wastewater could be significantly be reduced. In the end, the average oil content was lower than 1 mg/L and the removal rate can reach 99%, and the average content and the removal efficiency of SS was 1.26 mg/L and 95% respectively, which can really meet the standards for oil field rejection water.

Experimental Study on the Start-Up Stage of Wheat Straw Pulp and Paper Wastewater Treatment in Immobilized and Suspended Biomass Combination Processing

The study on the start-up of the pilot-scale immobilized and suspended biomass combination processing to treat the comprehensive effluent from a wheat straw pulp and paper plant was performed. The carrier packing selected in this experiment is a new type of microbial carrier (modified polyurethane foam plastic packing) which dosing rate was 20% of the reactor volume. The low quantity of inoculation sludge way is used to start the system. The test results show that the removal efficiency of COD and SS by the immobilized and suspended biomass combination technology system after a weak or so can be stable, as the effluent SS was below 50mg/L, the removal rate of 95% or more and the effluent COD was below 260mg/L, the removal rate of 85% or more. From start to 10th day, the attached sludge concentration on biomass conversion was more than 20g/L, while the microscope observation to biological adherent microbes suspended sludge and carrier phase indicated abundant microbial species. The fact indicates that the start-up can be finished in 10 days.

Elimination of phosphorous from phosphorus-rich farmyard wastewater using reeds bed system containing steel furnace slag

It has been demonstrated that blast furnace slag (BFS) has high P adsorption capacity. Steel furnace slag (SFS) has similar physical and chemical properties to BFS, but whether the former has similar P adsorption characteristics to the latter is unclear. In order to assess its reuse potential as main filter media in treating phosphorus-rich farmyard wastewater, the phosphorus adsorption isotherm of SFS in high-P solution was derived and the adsorption process was examined as a function of pH; then, SFS was used as a main substrate in a tidal flow reed bed system and its treatment performance was evaluated to determine the removal efficiency of COD, BOD5, SS, TN and PO4-P during farm wastewater treatment process. Compared with Freundlich and Tempkin isotherm, Langmuir model yielded the best fit for the SFS. The maximum adsorption capacity reached 27.8 mg P/g at an optimum pH of 4.0. Our results show that SFS reed bed may be a novel effective system to wipe off phosphorus from wastewater, and then it may also provide an approach for the reuse of SFS.

Treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater using MBBR followed by membrane separation process

In this study, an assessment of the performance of combined moving bed biofilm reactors and a membrane filtration system (MBBRs, anaerobic–aerobic in series and MF) for the treatment of azo dye reactive brilliant red X-3B-containing wastewater was performed. Each reactor was filled with 35 vol.% of the suspended biofilm carriers for biological treatment. To assess the performance of the hybrid processes, the removal efficiencies of color, COD, and SS were analyzed by experiments. The average removal efficiencies of color, COD, and SS were 90, 85 and 94% (influent color = 400 Pt–Co unit, COD = 500 mg/L, and SS = 310 mg/L), respectively when the hydraulic retention times in the anaerobic and aerobic reactors are 11 and 5 h, respectively. The combined MBBRs and membrane system was highly efficient for the treatment of azo dye–containing wastewater. The experimental results showed that the combined processes are a viable technique for textile wastewater treatment.

그물망 압착식 섬유여과장치를 이용한 물 재이용 시스템 개발

This study was carried out to develop pilot plant Net3FM(Net Fit Fiber Filter Module) system and to suggest optimum operating condition for municipal wastewater reuse. SS concentration of biologically treated sewage effluent was reduced from 1.5~5.4mg/L to 0.4~1.0mg/L without coagulant injection in Net3FM system, and the SS removal efficiency was average 84.7%. And also, the removal efficiencies of COD and T-P were decreased slightly due to the SS removal by filtration. Coagulation-Filtration test was conducted to enhance the removal efficiencies of SS and T-P. The optimum dosage of coagulant was injected automatically by auto-controlling system, which is controlled by detecting value of turbidity of secondary sewage effluent. SS, COD and T-P concentrations in filtrated effluent were 0.21~0.57, 1.6~6.2 and 0.137~0.392mg/L with coagulant injection by in-line mixer in Net3FM system, respectively. The removal efficiencies of SS and T-P were highly increased to 92.8% and 89.8%, respectively. It was due to the combined the processes of coagulation and filtration. Net3FM system was evaluated that the removal efficiency of pollutants in secondary sewage effluent and the utilization potential as reclaimed water technology were very high.

호기성 생물막을 이용한 HRT 변화에 따른 오염물질 제거

In this study, an experiment was conducted on influent water with low concentrations of organic matter, such as river water or secondary treatment water of a sewage treatment plant, according to HRT changes by using aerobic biofilm. In the biofilm process, as the biofilm increases in thickness, the inner membrane can be low in oxygen transfer rate and become anaerobic conditions, while the detachment of biomass from biofilm occurs. To overcome these limitations in the detachment of microorganisms in biofilm, the yarn, which was made from poly propylene(PP), was weaved and manufactured into a tube. Then, a test was carried out by injecting air so that the interior of the biofilm could create aerobic conditions. The results of the experiment showed that the removal efficiency of <TEX>$TCOD_{cr}$</TEX> reached 66.1~81.2% by HRT 2hr, and 50.9 ~61.8% after HRT 1 hr. The removal efficiency of <TEX>$SCOD_{cr}$</TEX> was 45.9 to 55.1% by HRT 1hr, and 26.1% in HRT 0.5hr, showing the highest removal efficiency in HRT 1hr. The SS removal efficiency was at 81.8 to 94.6%, and the effluent SS concentration was very low, indicating less than 2.2 mg/L in all HRT's. As a result, the <TEX>$SCOD_{cr}$</TEX> and <TEX>$NH_4{^+}$</TEX>-N that were removed per specific surface area and attached to microbial biofilm showed the highest efficiency in HRT 1hr with 8.37 <TEX>$gSCOD_{cr}/m^2{\cdot}d$</TEX>, 2.93 <TEX>$gNH_4{^+}-N/m^2{\cdot}d$</TEX>. From the result of reviewing the characteristics of biofilm growth, microorganisms were found to be attached, and increased by 36 days. Later, they decreased in number through detachment, but showed a tendency to increase again 41 days later due to microbial reproduction.

Study on Municipal Wastewater Treated by Biological Aerated Filter

The performance of the municipal wastewater treatment using the Biological Aerated Filter (BAF) was investigated. The optimal operation parameters such as air/water ratio, water temperature, filtration velocity were achieved, and the removal efficiencies of CODCr, NH3 and SS were 80％, 98％, and 95％, respectively at the optimal conditions. The effluent can meet the integrated wastewater discharge standard in China.

Research on Low Concentration Municipal Wastewater Removal Rate with Chemical-Biological Flocculation and Suspended Medium Process

In this paper, chemical and biological flocculation and suspended medium process was applied to treat low concentration municipal wastewater in a pilot scale test in order to find the optimum operational parameter. The results showed that: system on pollutant removal mainly on chemical and biological flocculation reaction pool, Under the optimal operating condition, CODCr, TP and SS removal efficiencies reached 75.5％, 76％and 90.5％ respectively, and the CODCr, TP, SS concentrations of effluent meet the National Wastewater Integrated Discharge Standard. The optimum operating conditions according to the local actual situation, running for more than half a year, for the optimization of control parameters for the contrast obtained.

표면개질 담체를 이용한 충전탑 반응기에서 유기물 제거 및 미생물 부착 특성

This study was accomplished using packed bed column reactors that contain nonsurface-modified polypropylene media and surface-modified media from hydrophobic surface property into hydrophilic property by ion beam irradiation. The objectives of this research was investigated the characteristics of organic compounds removal and microbe attachment from sewage of school cafeteria in these reactors. In 736.8 mg/L of the average inflow COD Cr concentration the reactors with and without surface modification showed 81.8% and 70.3% of average COD Cr removal efficiencies, respectively, which proves the COD Cr removal efficiency of surface-modified media reactor is higher than that of nonsurface-modified media reactor. After 90 days, there were maximum differences between modified system and nonmodified system. In that time the maximum removal efficiency of COD Cr was 96.5% in modified system and was 85.2% in non-modified system that showed removal efficiency of surface-modified media system is 11.3% higher than that of nonsurface-modified media system. The average removal efficiency of SS was 80.4% for the surface modified system and 61.6% for the non-modified system under same condition. Also, the reactor of surface-modified media has advantage on microbe attachment and biofilm formation.

A Novel Application of Micro-Aerobic Hydrolysis and Acidification on the Treatment of Refractory Chinese Traditional Medicine Wastewater

The performance of micro-aerobic hydrolysis and acidification on the treatment of refractory Chinese traditional medicine wastewater was studied. The results indicate that it is efficient pre-treatment for reducing toxicity, improving biodegradability and removing organic pollutants from dyestuff wastewater. The effluent quality was relatively stable with the fluctuant influent while the removal efficiencies of COD and SS were 28% and 81% respectively, and more importantly, the increment of BOD5/COD ratio was about 0.18.

Performance and model of a novel membrane bioreactor to treat the low-strengthen complex wastewater

A MLMBR and a conventional IMBR with DO control system were investigated for simultaneously removing organic carbon and nitrogen in the low-strengthen complex wastewater. Four stages of the laboratory scale system with SRT of 30day and HRTs of 20, 16, 12, and 8h, respectively, were conducted. During the 4months experimental period, COD removal efficiencies averaged at 92.2% and 85.3%, SS removal efficiencies averaged at 93.8% and 85.2%, and NH4+–N removal efficiencies averaged at 84.1% and 65.3%, respectively, for MLMBR and IMBR. What’s more, the sludge characteristics were explored explicitly, results demonstrate that MLMBR not only perform better in substrates removal, also can alleviate the membrane fouling due to better sludge characteristics. In addition, mathematical statistical models, built on the linear regression techniques were developed for explore the inner relationship between HRTs and the performance of the MLMBR.

Chitosan 응집제를 이용한 준설토 부유물질 처리

The objective of this study is to development of IDFIS system, that are consisted of hydrocyclone, rapid flocculation and inclined settler with chitosan coagulant. As the results of Jar test, a chitosan optimum dosage of 40 mg/L for river sediment, and 5 mg/L for tunnelling wastewater sediment, which these conditions leaves of residual turbidity of less than 5 NTU. Because of the effectiveness of chitosan in removing turbidity was independent on pH, the operation of IDFIS system would be simple. The synthesized turbidity was made with clay particles, river sediment, river suspended sediment, and tunnelling wastewater sediment. Results indicate that the mean overall removal efficiency of turbidity, SS, COD and TP were 98%, 99%, 85% and 95%, respectively. Chitosan is very efficient in removing turbidity in the entire turbidity range examined. IDFIS system would have possibility with compact design, because of the increase of floc size favours the floc settling speed and reduces the settling time.

High Turbidity Mine Water Treated by Magnetic Flocculation

In the paper, magnetic flocculation was used in high turbidity mine water treatment. The results show that the magnetic flocculation is one of efficient methods in removing the COD and SS of high turbidity mine water. It finds the optimal conditions: the PAFC was 30mg/L and added with the fast stirring speed being 250r/min for 2min; then, 50mg/L magnetic particle was added with slow stirring speed staying 50r/min for 7min. The wastewater is treated under the optimal condition, the removal efficiency of SS and COD reached 94% and 71% respectively.

Simultaneous sludge reduction and nutrient removal (SSRNR) with interaction between Tubificidae and microorganisms: A full-scale study

A symbiotic ecosystem between Tubificidae and microorganisms was established at a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). In this ecosystem Tubificidae were inoculated, and then adhered to the outer layers of carrier materials in an oxidation tank. During the long-term treatment of sewage volumes of 20,000 m 3 d −1, the excess sludge production rate was reduced from 0.21 to 0.051 kg m −3 and sludge settleability was significantly improved. When the influent concentrations of COD, NH 4 +–N, PO 4 −–P, and SS were in the ranges of 130.0–459.0 mg L −1, 14.2–27.5 mg L −1, 1.6–7.0 mg L −1, and 60.0–466.0 mg L −1, respectively, the COD and SS removal efficiency was increased by 8.7% and 13.6% within the symbiotic system compared to the control without Tubificidae. In addition, NH 4 +–N and phosphorus removal efficiency can also be improved. The results showed that both sludge reduction and nutrient removal were enhanced simultaneously significantly within the system utilizing the symbiotic interactions of Tubificidae and microorganisms.

Evaluation of Treatment Characteristics and Sludge Properties in a UASB Reactor Treating Municipal Sewage at Ambient Temperature

The evaluation of treatment characteristics and sludge properties of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) process was investigated using a pilot-scale 1.15 m 3 reactor. The UASB, inoculated with digester sludge, was operated at a hydraulic retention time of 8 h at sewage temperatures ranging from 10.6 to 27.7 °C for more than 1100 days. The stable removal efficiencies for total COD Cr and SS were 63 ± 13% and 66 ± 20%, respectively. The average concentration of the retained sludge increased to more than 24.5 gSS/L of the column volume after two years of operation. In summer, the water temperature increased above 20 °C, and biodegradation of solid organic matter was enhanced. The solid retention time was evaluated to be as long as 293 ± 114 days; this is sufficient for mineralisation of solid organic matter, as indicted by a low sludge conversion of 0.029 gVSS/gCOD removed and a growth yield of 0.132 gVSS/gCOD, determined by seasonal sludge profiling. The bacterial communities, based on bacterial 16S rRNA genes in the retained sludge, were significantly diverse. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla of the decomposers of solid organic matter in the library. A Ruminococcus-related clone detected in the Firmicutes phylum acted as a cellulose decomposer. Key word: Anaerobic, UASB, Municipal sewage, Ambient temperature,Sludge