Methyl Orange Removal Efficiency Research Articles

Electrochemical Oxidation of Methyl Orange Dye by Stainless Steel Rotating Cylinder Anode

Methyl orange dye was successfully removed from simulated waste water in a batch mode electrochemical reactor with a stainless steel rotating cylinder anode. Effects of MO concentration, supporting electrolyte concentration, applied current, pH, and anode rotation rate were studied in terms of MO removal percentage and COD removal percentage. The study showed that both the removal efficiency of methyl orange and COD removal percentage decrease with the increase in MO initial concentration, and increase with increase in supporting electrolyte concentration, applied current, anode rotation rate, and pH value up to 7. Degradation reaction was found to be a first order reaction and the reaction rate constant was determined at different values of initial MO concentrations.

Response Surface Methodology for Photo Degradation of Methyl Orange Using Magnetic Nanocomposites Containing Zinc Oxide

Magnetic graphen oxide (Fe3O4-GO) is applied for preparation of Fe3O4-GO-ZnO (MGOZ) nanocomposite as photocatalyst. The photocatalysts are characterized by FTIR and UV spectrophotometer. FTIR results confirm the presence of Zn–O bonds and Fe–O bonds that are attributed to the ZnO and Fe3O4, respectively. The removal efficiency of methyl orange (MO) is compared using MGOZ and Fe3O4-ZnO at different irradiation time (ranging from 5 to 40 min) and pH (in the range of 3 to 11). The experimental results show that the removal efficiency of MO using MGOZ and Fe3O4-ZnO enhanced with respect to the irradiation time. Meanwhile the lowest and highest removal efficiency are obtained at pH = 7 and pH = 3, respectively. The comparison between removal efficiency of MO using MGOZ and Fe3O4-ZnO reveals that GO has a significant effect on the photocatalytic activity. Meanwhile, the removal efficiency of MO using MGOZ is higher than that of Fe3O4-ZnO. The statistical analysis of results using design of experiments (DOE) and Duncan’s multiple range test at α = 0.05 confirm that irradiation time, pH and their interactions have a significant effect on the removal efficiency of MO.

Statistical Optimization for Dye Removal from Aqueous Solution by Cross-linked Chitosan Composite

Response surface methodology-Box–Behnken design (RSM-BBD) was employed to optimize the methyl orange (MO) dye removal efficiency from aqueous solution by cross-linked chitosan-tripolyphosphate/nano-titania composite (Chi-TPP/NTC). The influence of pertinent parameters, i.e. A: TiO2 loading (0- 50 %), B: dose (0.04-0.14 g), C: pH (4-10), and D: temperature (30-50 oC) on the MO removal efficiency were tested and optimized using RSM-BBD. The F-values of BBD model for MO removal efficiency was 93.4 (corresponding p-value < 0.0001). The results illustrated that the highest MO removal efficiency (87.27 %) was observed at the following conditions: TiO2 loading (50% TiO2), dose (0.09 g), pH 4.0, and temperature of 40 oC.

Comparison of positively charged polymer species and cationic surfactants for methyl orange removal via polyelectrolyte and micellar enhanced ultrafiltration

Cationic charged polymer species were synthesized via emulsion polymerization and used as polyelectrolytes in polyelectrolyte enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF) for the removal of the anionic dye methyl orange (MO). A cellulose membrane with a 30 kDa molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) was used for the separation process showing almost complete MO removal for a polymer concentration of 1 g L−1 and a dye concentration up to 50 mg L−1. Four cationic surfactants from the CTAB family (DeTAB, DTAB, TTAB, and CTAB) have been investigated in a comparable micellar enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) process. The MO removal efficiency was lower, and only TTAB and CTAB showed removal efficiencies above 90 %. The flux for the polymer species is slightly lower as for the surfactants, but the removal efficiency is higher, and carbon leaching into the purified stream is much lower.

Simultaneous photodegradation of dyes by NiS/CuS-CdS composites in visible light region

NiS/CuS-CdS (NiS/CuxCd1-xS) composites were prepared via a one-pot hydrothermal route for the simultaneous photocatalytic removal of methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) in visible light region. The photocatalytic performances of obtained composites were affected by the Cu/Cd molar ratio, NiS content, MO/MB concentration ratio, pH values, and inorganic ions. Among these samples, the optimal 2-NiS/Cu0.8Cd0.2S with the NiS content of 3.45 wt% and Cu/Cd molar ratio of 4:1 exhibits the best photocatalytic activity for the simultaneous removal of MO and MB. Compared with 2-NiS/Cu0.8Cd0.2S alone for MO or MB, the obtained samples exhibits the enhanced removal efficiency of MO while the reduced removal efficiency of MB in mixture solution. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is ascribed to the efficient transfer and separation of charge carriers at the ternary interface of NiS-CuS-CdS heterojunction, in which NiS serves as the electron trapper for prolonging lifetime of photoexcited electrons. The O2− and OH radicals play the vital roles in the enhanced photocatalytic activity of 2-NiS/Cu0.8Cd0.2S for the simultaneous removal of MO and MB.

Optimization of photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange using immobilized scoria-Ni/TiO2 nanoparticles

In this study, the photocatalytic efficiency of scoria-Ni/TiO2 nanoparticles is evaluated for methyl orange removal under both the ultraviolet (UV) and sunlight irradiations. The synthesized catalysts are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) analysis. According to the results, the absorption edge of TiO2 alternated to visible light successfully, and the SEM and EDAX analysis approved that the particles, which are in nano-size, doped on the scoria. The effect of pH, catalyst dosage, methyl orange concentration, and contact time on efficiency was assessed. The initial experiment revealed that 0.05% and 0.1% of nickel have more efficiency while using the sun and UV light sources, respectively. In a 50-ml lab-scale reactor, methyl orange removal efficiency by scoria-Ni/TiO2 was 95.89 and 93.97% under UV and sunlight irradiation, respectively, within 45 min contact time while it was 26.7 and 45.9% under the sun and UV light irradiation, respectively, for commercial TiO2. In addition, the reaction kinetics followed the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. Finally, radical production and catalytic activity of Ni/TiO2 verified by significant decrease in removal efficiency due to surface and solution radical scavengers addition.

Preparation and characterization of Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3/α-PbO2/Ce-Nd-β-PbO2 composite electrode for methyl orange degradation

The present study focused on the preparation, characterization, and application of cerium (Ce) and neodymium (Nd) co-doped lead (PbO2) electrode, i.e., Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3/α-PbO2/Ce-Nd-β-PbO2. The electrochemical activities of the modified electrode were investigated and compared with those of Ce-PbO2, Nd-PbO2, and pure PbO2 electrodes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the surface morphology, crystal structure, and elemental states of the modified electrode. The Ce and Nd co-doped PbO2 electrode had smaller crystal particles, more compact structure, and higher activity of electrocatalysis compared with the single-doped and undoped PbO2 electrodes. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were also utilized to study the electrochemical response of the modified electrodes. The results show that the prepared Ce-Nd-PbO2 electrode has the highest O2 evolution potential (OEP) and lowest charge transfer resistance, suggesting that it has the lower energy consumption than the other three kinds of electrodes. Electrochemical oxidation methyl orange (MO) as a model dye wastewater was studied to evaluate the potential applications of this modified electrode in environmental science. It was found that the Ce-Nd-PbO2 electrode exhibited higher MO and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency than single-doped and pure PbO2 electrodes.

Efficient removal of methyl orange by a flower-like TiO2/MIL-101(Cr) composite nanomaterial.

Nano-scale MOF composite materials prepared by combining inorganic semiconductors with controllable pore structures and functional active sites for the effective removal of organic dyes will exhibit more excellent adsorption activity. In this paper, MIL-101(Cr) was used as a carrier and two-step hydrothermal methods were successfully used to prepare flower-like TiO2/MIL-101(Cr) composite nano-adsorbents with different sizes. The results of XRD, SEM, XPS and other characterization methods showed that when the molar ratio of Ti : Cr was 0.2 : 1, the composite nano-adsorbent exhibited better adsorption performance and removal efficiency for methyl orange (MO) in aqueous solution. By assembling TiO2 on MIL-101(Cr), Ti replaced part of Cr, and the positively-charged TiO2/MIL-101(Cr) nanocomposite and negatively-charged MO in aqueous solution formed a strong interaction force. In addition, the π-π packing interactions of the benzene ring of MIL-101(Cr) and the electrostatic force between TiO2 and MIL-101(Cr) also enhanced the performance and adsorption efficiency of the adsorbent to a certain extent. The BET results showed that the large specific surface area and average pore diameter of the TiO2/MIL-101(Cr) nanocomposites effectively improved the adsorption performance of the composites. The results showed that the MO removal efficiency of 20% TiO2/MIL-101(Cr) can reach 93.03% at 80 min. But when 20% TiO2/MIL-101(Cr) was used to adsorb 70 mg·L-1 MO, the experimental maximum adsorption capacity was 242.02 mg·g-1.

Highly recyclable and super-tough hydrogel mediated by dual-functional TiO2 nanoparticles toward efficient photodegradation of organic water pollutants

A novel photocatalytic hydrogel was prepared by loading TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) onto the surface of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized chitin nanofibers (TOCNs), which were further incorporated into the polyacrylamide (PAM) matrix. The resultant hydrogel exhibited a macro-porous structure with a low density (~1.45 g/cm3) and high water content (~80%). The well-dispersed TiO2 NPs not only acted as a crosslinking agent for bridging the three-dimensional porous network structure, but also endowed the hydrogel with good catalytic activity. After the introduction of TiO2 accounting for 10 wt% of the hydrogel mass, the hydrogels showed compressive strength of 1.46 MPa at 70% strain, tensile stress of 316 kPa, tensile strain of 310%, toughness of 47.25 kJ/m3 and fatigue resistance. Compared with neat TOCN-PAM hydrogel, the uniaxial compressive and tensile strengths of the TiO2-TOCN-PAM10 hydrogel increased 6.35-fold and 3.70-fold, respectively. Furthermore, the removal of methyl orange (MO) was attributed to the synergistic effect of the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of the hydrogels. The hydrogels adsorbed up to 8.5% of MO after 150 min of adsorption and a photocatalytic degradation rate of 97.3% achieved after 90 min of UV irradiation at pH = 2. Especially, the TiO2-TOCN-PAM10 hydrogel exhibited excellent recycling performance: its MO removal efficiency was around 96% even after 10 reuse cycles. The as-prepared hydrogels, with characteristics of excellent stretchability, photocatalytic activity and recyclability, are expected to be used in alleviating organic pollutants in practical wastewater treatments.

Preparation of BiPO4/graphene photoelectrode and its photoelectrocatalyitic performance

In this work, a two-step electrodeposition method was employed to prepare BiPO4 nanorod/reduced graphene oxide/FTO composite electrodes (BiPO4/rGO/FTO). The BiPO4/rGO/FTO composite electrode showed the higher photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) activity for the removal of methyl orange than pure BiPO4, which was 2.8 times higher than that of BiPO4/FTO electrode. The effects of working voltage and BiPO4 deposition time on the degradation efficiency of methyl orange were investigated. The optimum BiPO4 deposition time was 45 min and the optimum working voltage was 1.2 V. The trapping experiments showed that hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and superoxide radicals (•O2) were the major reactive species in PEC degradation process. The BiPO4/rGO/FTO composite electrode showed the high stability and its methyl orange removal efficiency remained unchanged after four testing cycles. The reasons for the enhanced PEC efficiency of the BiPO4/rGO/FTO composite electrode was ascribed to the broad visible-light absorption range, the rapid transmission of photogenerated charges, and the mixed BiPO4 phase by the introduction of rGO in the composite electrode films.

Rapid adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution via metal-based coordination polymers nanoparticles

Two new amorphous infinite coordination polymers with M2L composition were spontaneously self-assembled from functionalized Schiff base and metal cations (Zn2+ and Pb2+). The Schiff base was obtained via step by step functionalization of salen (N,N′-Bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine) with 2-mercaptobenzoic acid. Dyes adsorption performance of the prepared coordination polymers was investigated. The results revealed that the removal efficiency of methylene blue is high for both coordination polymers (97.2% for Pb coordination polymer and 99.9% for Zn coordination polymer). However, removal efficiency of methyl orange is much higher in the case of Pb coordination polymer (94.5%) with respect to the Zn coordination polymer (23.1%). The removal amount of 20 ppm dye solution reaches to <0.5 ppm for methylene blue which is much higher than most experimental values of the other materials reported so far, as we know. The reusability and stability of Pb based coordination polymer were also investigated.

Multi-cathode photocatalytic fuel cell with rotating bamboo charcoal electrodes for electricity production and simultaneous organic pollutants removal

Carbonaceous materials have considerable potential as effective cathode catalysts due to their low cost and high oxygen reduced reaction (ORR) activity. However, current approaches face significant challenges, such as the fall-off of the catalyst and mass transfer inhibition as the catalyst loading increases. In this study, a multi-cathode-based photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) was developed for maintaining a high cathode catalyst loading and simultaneously enhancing the mass transfer to improve the catalytic activity. Under identical high loading, the cathode configuration would significantly influence the power production of the PFC. The maximum power of the multi-cathode PFC was 50% and 53% higher than those of the Pt cathode and single-cathode PFCs, respectively. Meanwhile, the removal efficiency of methyl orange (MO) in the multi-cathode PFC was also higher than that in the single-cathode PFC. These results were attributed to the relatively large effective area and reduced transfer resistance of electrons and oxygen, owing to the multi-cathode system. In addition, a batch of experiments involving different parameters (such as pH, rotating speed, and initial MO concentration) was performed to obtain the optimal parameter conditions. Considering the high cost of Pt, all the tests indicated that the PFC with the multi-cathode configuration efficiently enhanced the power generation and simultaneously facilitated the removal of organic pollutants.

Application of the statistical analysis methodology for photodegradation of methyl orange using a new nanocomposite containing modified TiO2 semiconductor with SnO2

ABSTRACT Pure anatase TiO2 nanoparticles and two kinds of TiO2–SnO2 nanocomposite with different amounts of SnO2 nanoparticles (A-S (1-1) and A-S (1-2)) are synthesised. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern is used for the characterisation of the synthesised samples. The XRD results confirmed that synthesised TiO2 nanoparticles have an anatase structure and SnO2 nanoparticles possess a tetragonal structure. The results of TEM reveal that the particle size of the TiO2 nanoparticles is less than 30 nm. Meanwhile, the SnO2 nanoparticle is successfully introduced onto the outer surface of TiO2 nanoparticles. The variation in the removal efficiency of methyl orange as an organic pollutant with UV irradiation time, weight fraction of synthesised photocatalysts and pH is investigated. The obtained results confirm that the removal efficiency of methyl orange increases in respect of the UV irradiation time and weight fraction. In addition, it is observed that the highest and lowest removal efficiencies occur at pH = 3 and pH = 11, respectively. Meanwhile, the results reveal that the removal efficiency of methyl orange is enhanced in respect of the SnO2 nanoparticles content in the synthesised nanocomposite. The analysis of variance investigation reveals that all the main factors have a significant effect on the removal efficiency of pollutant. Meanwhile, the proposed models can accurately predict the variation of the removal efficiency with studied parameters.

Synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4@ZnO@graphene oxide nanocomposite for photodegradation of organic dye pollutant

ABSTRACTIn this study graphene oxide (GO) is applied as a substrate for the synthesis of the magnetic ZnO nanocomposite (GO-Fe3O4-ZnO). The prepared samples are characterised using XRD and VSM. The photocatalytic performance of the synthesised samples is evaluated according to the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) as an organic dye pollutant model. The XRD results show that the prepared nanocomposites contain the modified GO with the cubic structure of Fe3O4 and hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO nanoparticles. Base on the VSM results, it can be confirmed that the synthesised Fe3O4-ZnO, GO-Fe3O4 and GO-Fe3O4-ZnO have superparamagnetic properties. Meanwhile, the saturation magnetisation (Ms) of GO-Fe3O4 (45.788 emu/g) is higher than that of Fe3O4-ZnO and GO-Fe3O4-ZnO. The UV–vis spectrophotometer results reveal that all of the prepared samples can adsorb the UV irradiation and decompose the MO. The removal efficiency of MO using GO-Fe3O4-ZnO at each concentration and irradiation time is more than that of Fe3O4-ZnO. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results confirm that main factors (weight fraction and irradiation time) and their interactions have a significant effect on the removal efficiency of MO.

Developing boron nitride-pyromellitic dianhydride composite for removal of aromatic pollutants from wastewater via adsorption and photodegradation

A series of boron nitride-pyromellitic dianhydride composites have been successfully synthesized by calcinating the mixtures of boron nitride (BN) and pyromellitic dianhydride (PA) at 350 °C, in which the composite (BNPA2) has the largest adsorption quantity (65.1 mg/g) for rhodamine B (RhB) and the best photo-removal efficiency for RhB under visible light irradiation. 1H NMR characterizations for BN, PA and BNPA2 suggest that this composite is formed via the reaction between the OH groups in BN and PA. BNPA2 can also adsorb neutral red (NR), methyl orange (MO), tetracycline (TC) and atrazine (AT). NR and MO can be photo-removed by BNPA2 under visible light irradiation. Colorless TC and AT can also be degraded by BNPA2 under visible light irradiation, suggesting that BNPA2 is visible light responsible photocatalyst. BNPA2 has the highest photo-removal efficiency for the cationic RhB and NR, followed by the anionic MO. This is from that BNPA2 has negative surface. When anionic MO mixes with cationic RhB (or NR) together, BNPA2 prefers to remove cationic RhB (or NR) from the mixture solution under visible light irradiation and the removal efficiency of anionic MO by BNPA2 is also increased. Thus, electrostatic interactions between dyes and BNPA2 as well as between dyes play significant role in the removal process. •O2− makes a main contribution for this photo-removal of these aromatic pollutants (dyes, TC and AT) by BNPA2 under visible light irradiation. Furthermore, the removal performance of BNPA2 for RhB, TC and AT can be effectively regenerated by visible light irradiation.

Preparation of BiOCl-(NH4)3PW12O40 Photocatalyst and a Mechanism for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants

The separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes is the key to photocatalytic performance. Layered BiOCl is a kind of newly exploited efficient photocatalyst, but its wide-spread practical application is hindered by the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and low quantum efficiency. In this study, we prepared a composite photocatalyst via a hydrothermal method in which (NH4)3PW12O40 (NH4PTA) is the acceptor of photoelectrons from BiOCl. The photocatalytic performance of variants of BiOCl-NH4PTA was evaluated by the removal efficiency of methyl orange (MO). The experimental results showed that the BiOCl-NH4PTA[n (Bi):n (W)=1:1] had the best photocatalytic activity under the irradiation of sunlight simulated by xenon light. The photocatalytic mechanism was investigated using the reactive species trapping experiments. It was found that MO could be photodegraded by,·OH, and holes over BiOCl. Differently, and·OH were the dominant reactive species for the reactions over the composite photocatalyst. It was proved that NH4PTA was the acceptor of photoelectrons by the XPS on the photocatalyst before and after reaction. The photocurrent test verified the superior photocatalysis of BiOCl-NH4PTA which was attributed to the efficient separation of electron-hole pairs.

Removal of organic dye by biomass-based iron carbide composite with an improved stability and efficiency.

The efficiency of zero-valent iron (Fe0) for the degradation of contaminants in water or soil can be highly reduced by side reactions with oxygen or water. This work was conducted to test whether this drawback can be effectively suppressed by the carbonation of Fe0 with pyrolyzed biomass, which forms a Fe3C composite. The composite Fe3C was characterized and its reactivity and stability were assessed in batch tests with methyl orange (MO) as a model pollutant. The results indicated that the removal rate of MO on Fe3C composite was higher than that of Fe0 (7.587 mg/(g·min) vs. 4.306 mg/(g·min)) at pH 4, where the degradation mechanism was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. More importantly, the produced iron oxide in the Fe3C composite was highly suppressed. Regeneration studies showed that after three times of cycling, the removal efficiency of MO on Fe3C composite was kept to 99.42%, but Fe0 almost lost its reactivity. In situ chemical reduction of a colorimetric redox probe (indigo-5, 5'-disulfonate, I2S) quantitatively demonstrated that Fe3C composite has the reduction kinetics of I2S obviously slower than Fe0, indicating that Fe3C composite improved the stability of incorporated Fe0 to resist the side oxidation.

Preparation of ZnTiO3/TiO2 Photocatalyst and Its Mechanism on Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants

TiO2 is a promising photocatalysis for degradation of organic pollutants due to its innocuity. However, its widespread practical application was hindered by the fast combination speed of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and low quantum efficiency. In this study, we prepared ZnTiO3-TiO2 using the Sol-Gel method to get heterojunctions, which exhibit efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The photocatalytic performances of various ZnTiO3-TiO2 were evaluated by the removal efficiency of Methyl orange. The experimental results showed that the ZnTiO3-TiO2(ZnTiO3:TiO2=0.3), which was calcinated under 600℃, had the best photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet light. The photocatalyst was stable under a wide range of pH (2.5-12.5). The photocurrent and ESR analysis verified the superior photocatalysis of ZnTiO3-TiO2, which was attributed to the efficient separation of electron-hole pairs induced by the heterojunctions.

Box-Behnken design to optimize the synthesis of new crosslinked chitosan-glyoxal/TiO2 nanocomposite: Methyl orange adsorption and mechanism studies.

A crosslinked chitosan-glyoxal/TiO2 nanocomposite (CCG/TNC) was synthesized by loading different ratios of TiO2 nanoparticles into polymeric matrix of crosslinked chitosan-glyoxal (CCG) to be a promising biosorbent for methyl orange (MO). Box-Behnken design (BBD) in response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize various process parameters, viz., loading of TiO2 nanoparticles into CCG polymeric matrix (A: 0%-50%), adsorbent dose (B: 0.04-0.14 g/50 mL), solution pH (C: 4-10), and temperature (D: 30-50 °C). The highest MO removal efficiency of 75.9% was observed by simultaneous interactions between AB, AC, and BC. The optimum TiO2 loading, adsorbent dosage, solution pH, and temperature were (50% TiO2: 50% chitosan labeled as CCG/TNC-50), 0.09 g/50 mL, 4.0, and 40 °C. The adsorption of MO from aqueous solution by using CCG/TNC-50 in batch mode was evaluated. The kinetic results were well described by the pseudo-first order kinetic, and the equilibrium data were in agreement with Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 416.1 mg/g. The adsorption mechanism included electrostatic attractions, n-π stacking interactions, dipole-dipole hydrogen bonding interactions, and Yoshida H-bonding.

Improved organic pollutants removal and simultaneous electricity production via integrating Fenton process and dual rotating disk photocatalytic fuel cell system using bamboo charcoal cathode

A coupling system combining Fenton process with dual rotating disk photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) was developed to improve methyl orange (MO) removal and simultaneous electricity production, in which the (NH4)3PO4 modified bamboo charcoal (BC) was acted as cathode catalyst. Due to the existence of the N and P containing functional groups on the BC catalyst and the rotating electrode, the hybrid system could efficiently reduce oxygen to generate some hydroxyl radical and related species for MO removal. Therefore, Fenton-PFC-BC with rotation system showed a superior MO removal efficiency of 85%, 2.4 times higher than that in the traditional Fenton-PFC-Pt with aeration system. The radicals inhibition assays and hydrogen peroxide quantitative studies revealed that HO, h+ and O2− were primarily responsible for MO degradation. Furthermore, the MO removal performance for Fenton-PFC-BC with rotation system was investigated at different parameters (such as rotating speed, BC loading, pH and ferrous ion concentration) to obtain optimal operation conditions. Results of energy analysis and reusability experiment showed that the proposed Fenton-PFC-BC with rotation system provided a cost-effective and stable method for the organic degradation and energy recovery.