Removal Efficiency Of Heavy Metals Research Articles

Ferrous-driven efficient removal of nitrate and various heavy metals by Zoogloea sp. ZP7 under oligotrophic conditions: Kinetics and heavy metal stress responses

Denitrification in surface water is affected by its oligotrophic characteristics and heavy metal pollution. In this study, a heterotrophic denitrifying bacterium Zoogloea resiniphila ZP7, which can utilize ferrous (Fe2+) as an additional electron donor under oligotrophic conditions, was isolated. Strain ZP7 achieved a 98.5 % nitrate (NO3−-N) removal efficiency (NRE) within 12 h using sodium acetate as carbon sources, with a Fe2+ concentration of 10.0 mg L−1, pH of 7.0, carbon to nitrogen ratio of 2.0, and NO3−-N concentration of 5.01 mg L−1, and no nitrite residue was observed. The denitrification performance and the removing ability of heavy metal by strain ZP7 were studied when exposed to copper (Cu2+), zinc (Zn2+), and cadmium (Cd2+) alone or in combination. When 1.0 mg L−1 Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ were added simultaneously, the strain ZP7 could achieve 91.3 % NRE in 14 h, and the removal efficiencies of Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ were 68.1, 89.2, and 83.5 %, respectively. The results of fluorescence region integration showed that the response of strain ZP7 to different heavy metal system stresses was different. Moreover, the changes in the content of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and humic acids indicated that they contributed to the enhancement of the resistance of strain ZP7 to heavy metals. Various characterization results showed that EPS and bio‑iron oxides were beneficial to remove heavy metals. In future studies, strain ZP7 can be considered to be immobilized in biomaterials to treat contaminated oligotrophic water bodies to explore its application prospects in actual contaminated water bodies.

Magnetic porous functional material from coal mine waste for simultaneous removal of cadmium and arsenic in water and soil: Synergistic effect of iron-containing minerals and porous structure

Heavy metals such as cadmium and arsenic (Cd/As) can cause harmful effects on human health. Coal mine waste (coal gangue) is a solid waste residue without commercial values produced abundantly in the coalfield. Hence, treating Cd and As concurrently with reutilizing coal gangue (CG) is critical to ecologically sustainable growth. This work successfully synthesized the magnetic porous functional materials (MPCG) based on CG using a two-step method for the simultaneous removal of Cd and As in water and soil. First, MPCG exhibited an irregular network porous structure. Then, it consisted of iron (Fe), mainly in magnetite, hematite, and pyrite forms. Such properties also exhibited excellent pH adaptability and coadsorption capacity by removing up to 103.79 mg g−1 and 579.43 mg g−1 for Cd(II) and As(V), respectively. There is a synergistic effect between the iron-containing minerals and porous structure to enhance the adsorption capacity of MPCG for Cd(Ⅱ) and As(Ⅴ). Several primary potential adsorption mechanisms by MPCG for Cd(Ⅱ) and As(Ⅴ) were identified. The potential mechanisms of Cd(II) adsorption mainly include ion exchange, electrostatic attraction, surface complexation and precipitation/co-precipitation, and the potential mechanisms of As(V) adsorption mainly include electrostatic attraction, surface complexation and precipitation. In addition, the removal rates of MPCG for Cd and As in soil were as high as 44.78 and 38.44 %, respectively. In conclusion, MPCG has excellent potential as an efficient and environmentally compatible functional material, which provides a potential way to realize efficient heavy metal removal from our ecosystems.

Optimization of the removal efficiency of three biodegradable chelating agents for soil cadmium

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the release of cadmium-containing pollutants into the environment from mining, industrial emissions, wastewater irrigation and the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This leads to the degradation of soil quality and poses a threat to human health. Chemical leaching remediation technology is an effective method for controlling Cd contamination in soil. However, the leaching agent has a low removal efficiency of heavy metals. In order to find more suitable environmentally friendly new leaching agents, this study investigates the effects of three biodegradable chelating agents PMAS, EDTMPS and GLDA on the removal of heavy metal Cd in soil in the single factor soil leaching experiment. The concentration of the chelating agents, the leaching time and the pH of the leaching solution were varied to study their effects. The Box-Behnken (BBD) effect based on RSM was used to design the experimental conditions to optimize the leaching process of three biodegradable chelating agents. The optimum conditions for Cd removal by PMAS, EDTMPS and GLDA were obtained as follows: concentration 7 %, pH = 3.61, reaction time 180 min; concentration 4.94 %, pH = 3.0, reaction time 180 min; and concentration 4.96 %, pH = 3.0, reaction time 180 min. The validation test results showed that the deviation from the experimental value is less than 3 % under the theoretically optimal washing conditions, confirming the reliability and accuracy of the response surface methodology optimization process, which provides a reference for the development of efficient, environmentally friendly and low-cost leaching agents.

Insight into biochar as sustainable biomass: production methods, characteristics, and environmental remediation

Industrialization has contributed significantly to the advancement and sustenance of human civilization. However, it has also posed serious challenges to environmental sustainability, notably through heavy metal pollution, which has severely impacted ecological systems. Recent studies have explored the use of biochar for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. This review underscores the diverse physicochemical and structural characteristics of biochar, derived from various biomass sources through different pyrolysis processes, and their varying adsorption efficiencies. The review aims to investigate current biochar production technologies, their unique properties, and their maximum removal efficiency and adsorption capacity for heavy metals. The primary adsorption mechanisms, adsorption isotherms, and kinetic models have been identified. Furthermore, the study confirms that optimal conditions—such as the choice of precursors, pyrolysis temperature, and an understanding of the advantages and limitations—are crucial for designing biochar with superior structural and physicochemical properties. This review provides an updated overview of biochar-based heavy metal treatment in aquatic systems, highlighting existing research gaps and suggesting future research directions.

Comparative Study of Cu Ion Adsorption by Nano-Hydroxyapatite Powder Synthesized from Chemical Reagents and Clam Shell-Derived Calcium Sources.

The increasing contamination of water sources by heavy metals necessitates the development of efficient and sustainable adsorption materials. This study evaluates the potential of nano-hydroxyapatite (HA) powders synthesized from chemical reagents (Chem-HA) and clam shells (Bio-HA) as adsorbents for Cu ions in aqueous solutions. Both powders were synthesized using microwave irradiation at 700 W for 5 min, resulting in nano-sized rod-like particles confirmed as HA by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Bio-HA exhibited higher crystallinity (67.5%) compared to Chem-HA (34.9%), which contributed to Bio-HA's superior adsorption performance. The maximum adsorption capacities were 436.8 mg/g for Bio-HA and 426.7 mg/g for Chem-HA, as determined by the Langmuir isotherm model. Kinetic studies showed that the Cu ion adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model, with Bio-HA achieving equilibrium faster and displaying a higher rate constant (6.39 × 10⁻4 g/mg·min) than Chem-HA (5.16 × 10⁻4 g/mg·min). Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic, with Bio-HA requiring less energy (ΔH° = 39.00 kJ/mol) compared to Chem-HA (ΔH° = 43.77 kJ/mol). Additionally, the activation energy for Bio-HA was lower (41.62 kJ/mol) than that for Chem-HA (46.39 kJ/mol), suggesting better energy efficiency. The formation of a new Cu2(OH)PO4 phase after adsorption, as evidenced by XRD, confirmed that the Cu ions replaced the Ca ions in the HA lattice. These findings demonstrate that Bio-HA, derived from natural sources, offers environmental benefits as a recyclable material, enhancing heavy metal removal efficiency while contributing to sustainability by utilizing waste materials and reducing an environmental impact.

A complementary eco-friendly approach to heavy metal removal from wastewater/produced water streams through mineralization

With the world's ever-increasing population, portable water needs have significantly increased. This has put enormous pressure on the limited supply of freshwater around the globe and has necessitated the development of water treatment technologies that would convert saline waters into potable water for domestic and industrial uses. As saline water is treated for usage, so is wastewater generated from domestic and industrial processes. More prominently, another wastewater source is produced water consequent to oil production. Wastewater and produced water are similar in that they are both high in pollutants (heavy metals), which in discharge streams need to be kept within a threshold. The fact that heavy and rare earth metals linked to the produced water cannot be completely removed by state-of-the-art technologies is even more concerning. Thus, a complementary technology must be developed for this reason. This study investigates the mineralization of water-polluting heavy metals. The approach adopted involves the exposure of contaminated water to atmospheric or captured CO2 and the use of additives to achieve the removal. To gain a deeper understanding of how these innovative efforts function, the study also looked into the mechanism used to eliminate the heavy metals. The findings show that heavy metals in produced water and industrial effluent can be precipitated and immobilized to remove them. More so, this is made possible by the infusion of heavy metals into the crystal structures of precipitates like aragonite, calcite, and halite. Furthermore, the mechanism of the heavy metal removal involves their dehydration, immobilization and precipitation. Additionally, DFT calculations were utilized to support the experimental results by shedding light on the heavy metal hydration's ground-state structures and how EDTA chelates the heavy metals and enhances the process kinetics. The study's findings show how this strategy complements the most advanced wastewater treatment method in terms of increasing its efficiency and water security and safety. More so, as this is a pioneering effort, the optimum concentration of chelating agent and route (atmospheric or captured CO2) must be determined on a case-to-case basis for field implementation. Furthermore, the limitation of this study is that the efficiency of heavy metal removal may differ based on the starting brine composition, thus, optimization must be conducted beforehand.

A novel and clean utilization of flue gas desulfurization ash coupled with converter sludge to produce calcium ferrate

To address the environmental pollution from industrial wastes like desulfurization ash (DA) and converter sludge(CS), this study introduces a novel method for synthesizing calcium ferrate. This method involves reacting converter sludge with desulfurization ash at high temperatures, facilitating the concurrent elimination of toxic elements. The solid byproduct is suitable as a sintered ore additive, while the gaseous SO2 serves as a precursor for sulfuric acid production. Additionally, the metal-rich secondary dust offers a source for valuable metal recovery. This research employs simulation software (FactSage 8.1) and thermal analysis to explore the high-temperature reaction dynamics of converter sludge and desulfurization ash. Subsequent in-situ experiments and coupled high-temperature tube furnace-infrared flue gas analysis further elucidated the phase transitions, morphology changes, flue gas emissions, and migration of harmful elements (e.g., S, K, Na, Pb, Zn). Analysis using the Predom dominant zone module calculation indicates that low SO2 concentration and reduced oxygen levels promote the stability of Ca2Fe2O5. Infrared flue gas analysis reveals high concentrations of CO2 and SO2. Sulfur removal rates rose from 62.15 % to 98.48 % between 800 °C and 1100 °C. Removal efficiencies for alkali and heavy metals, namely K, Na, Pb, and Zn, improved significantly, reaching 99.95 %, 99.49 %, 99.71 %, and 86.7 % respectively. At 1100 °C under an N2 atmosphere, the main reaction products from Flue Gas desulfurization ash (FGDA) and converter sludge were CaFe3O5 and Ca2Fe2O5. This study’s comprehensive analysis of synthesizing calcium ferrate from Flue Gas desulfurization ash and converter sludge introduces a novel waste utilization method, offering substantial environmental and economic advantages.

Kenaf Biochar as an Eco‐Friendly Adsorbent for Removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II): Optimal Temperature, Adsorption Models, and Efficiency Evaluation

ABSTRACTThis study examined the adsorption capacities of biochars derived from kenaf (KF‐BCs) for the removal of heavy metals such as Cu(II) and Pb(II). The thermal decomposition temperature (300–750°C) significantly influenced the morphology and composition of KF‐BCs, enhancing their surface area, pore structure, and alkalinity. Among them, kenaf pyrolyzed at 750°C (KF‐750) was the most effective in removing Cu(II) and Pb(II), as validated by kinetic, equilibrium, and isotherm model analyses. Adsorption kinetics revealed that equilibrium was attained after 24 h, with chemisorption governing the process rate. Equilibrium adsorption conformed to the Langmuir and Freundlich models for Cu(II) and Pb(II), respectively. KF‐750 exhibited midrange adsorption capacities for Cu(II) and Pb(II) (23.47 ± 0.3 mg/g and 50.07 ± 0.9 mg/g, respectively), compared with the literature. The thermodynamic assessment revealed an endothermic process with positive ∆H0, indicating that higher temperatures favor metal adsorption. At low pH, adsorption decreased due to electrostatic repulsion, particularly affecting Cu(II). More than 99.8% of Cu(II) and Pb(II) were removed with a 5.00 g/L KF‐750 dose. The cation effect order on KF‐750 was Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+. Overall, KF‐750 demonstrates promising potential as an adsorbent for the efficient heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions, presenting a viable option for environmental remediation.

Pectin-nano zero valent iron nanocomposites for efficient heavy metal removal and bactericidal action against waterborne pathogens — Innovative green solution towards environmental sustainability

This study investigated the effectiveness of a pectin-nano zero-valent iron-based nanocomposite in adsorbing heavy metals in bimetallic form (chromium‑lead mixture), along with assessing its antibacterial properties. The nanocomposite was synthesized using a straightforward dispersion method, employing eco-friendly components like biocompatible pectin sourced from banana peels and nano-scale zero-valent iron. Analytical characterization confirmed the formation of stable, nano-crystalline particles with active interactions between the functional groups of pectin and nano iron. Batch adsorption experiments optimized various parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, metal ion concentration, and temperature to enhance bimetal removal from water. The optimal conditions were determined as pH 8.0, a temperature of 40 °C, 1.0 g/L adsorbent dosage, 75 mg/l initial bimetal concentration, and a contact time of 30 min. Further assessments revealed that the nanocomposite did not induce phytotoxic or ecotoxic effects, confirming its non-toxicity and environmental safety. Biocompatibility studies conducted using zebrafish models showed no adverse effects on hatching, survival, or heart rate. These findings underscore the potential of the nanocomposite as a sustainable and efficient solution for heavy metal remediation in water treatment process.

Efficient removal and stepwise recovery of various heavy metals from water by using calcium carbonate with different activity

Heavy metals in wastewater have caused serious environmental contamination in the world. However, a key challenge with the most effective solution through chemical precipitation is the high pH of in the effluent by the use of lime. Herein, we propose a strategy using highly active calcium carbonate (HACC) for enhancing its slow-release activity, which efficiently removes heavy metal contamination while avoiding high pH of the effluent. The HACC demonstrate a removal of more than 99 % for Cd(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) from the composite contaminated water within 50 min, while maintaining the pH of the effluent close to neutral. In addition, mechanistic analyses unveil that the free heavy metals in different solutions combine with OH– and CO32– released from HACC in different precipitation behaviors to form their respective precipitates, thereby discovering the mechanism of regulating the precipitation rates of different heavy metals by controlling the activity of calcium carbonate. Based on it, the stepwise recovery of heavy metals was realized by adjusting the calcium carbonates with different activity. The present work provides guidance for gentle and efficient removal of heavy metal pollution in water bodies and inspires the future development of recovery of heavy metals.

Influence of biochar amendment on removal of heavy metal from soils using phytoremediation by Catharanthus roseus L. and Chrysopogon zizanioides L.

Advances in sustainable toxic heavy metal treatment technologies are crucial to meet our needs for safer land to develop an urban resilient future. The heavy metals bioaccumulate in the food chain due to their persistence in the soil, which poses a serious challenge to its removal and control. Utilisation of hyperaccumulators to reduce the mobility, accumulation and toxic impact of heavy metals is a promising and ecologically safe technique. Amendments such as biochar and chelates have been shown to enhance the phytoremediation efficiency. However, the potential soil improvement is influenced by the properties of the amendment, plant and metal heterogeneities. In this study, an organic sugarcane bagasse biochar amendment for the 60-day pot experiment using Catharanthus roseus L. (NT) and Chrysopogon zizanioides L. (VT) in a heavy metal-contaminated soil was applied. The influence of biochar on the phytoremediation of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) from the soil was explored. The plant survival rate enhanced to 100% with biochar amendment, and the biomass increased from 5.83 to 15g in Zn-contaminated samples. Nutrients such as potassium concentration are directly correlated to the amendment rates, whereas phosphate decreases beyond the 2% biochar amendment rate in both plants. High heavy metal accumulation capacities with improved growth with biochar indicate the sustainability of the process. The translocation factor (TF) > 1 for Zn in NT represents the phytoextraction efficiencies whereas VT indicates high BCF values in the range of 0.5-3.53 for the amended Zn-contaminated soils. The findings indicate that the amendment rate of 2% improves nutrient cycling, plant biomass and heavy metal removal efficiencies. The insights from this study establish that the synergy between biochar amendment and the selected medicinal plants improved the phytoremediation efficiency.

Magnetic Mesoporous Silica Functionalized with Amine Groups for Efficient Removal of Heavy Metals and Bacterial Inhibition

Magnetic Mesoporous Silica Functionalized with Amine Groups for Efficient Removal of Heavy Metals and Bacterial Inhibition

Fabrication and catalytic activity of TiO2/Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/β-cyclodextrin nanocatalysts for safe treatment of industrial wastewater

The rapid industrial growth has led to increased production of wastewater containing pollutants like heavy metals and organic compounds. These pollutants pose risks to human health and the environment if not properly treated. Engineered nanocatalyst materials (ENMs) are a burgeoning technology that show promise for treating industrial wastewater. Metal oxide ENMs, such as Fe3O4@β-cyclodextrin and Fe3O4@TiO2, have demonstrated efficient removal of heavy metals and methylene blue from wastewater. Fe3O4@TiO2 was found to be more effective than Fe3O4@β-cyclodextrin in removing these pollutants. The highest removal efficiencies were observed at a concentration of 40 mg/g and pH 8. Copper showed the highest removal efficiency (160.5 mg/g), followed by nickel (77.09 mg/g), lead (56.0 mg/g), and cadmium (46.05 mg/g). For methylene blue, the highest removal efficiency was also observed at a concentration of 40 mg/g and pH 8 (91.16 %). Lead (90.5 %), copper (90.48 %), nickel (83.34 %), and cadmium (77.58 %) were also efficiently removed. These findings highlight the potential of Fe3O4@TiO2 as a promising material for industrial wastewater treatment, offering cleaner and safer water for human health and the environment. ENMs have the potential to revolutionize wastewater treatment processes.

One-pot fabrication of highly permeable P84/UiO-66-NH2-PEI membrane for the efficient removal of heavy metals from wastewater

Heavy metal pollution threatens water bodies and public health, necessitating the exploration of advanced technologies to effectively remove heavy metals from wastewater. In this study, a one-pot approach was employed to fabricate a positively charged membrane using P84 as the substrate, and UiO-66-NH2 nanoparticles and PEI as crosslinkers. Introducing UiO-66-NH2 with inherent porous structures can create nanopores and gaps within the PA layer, providing extra pathways for water molecules to permeate the membrane. Moreover, the UiO-66-NH2 nanoparticles imparted hydrophilicity and a positive charge to the resulting membrane. Compared to the blank membrane without UiO-66-NH2 nanoparticles, the optimal membrane demonstrated a significant increase of 44 % in water flux (52.4 L m−2h−1) while maintaining a remarkable removal performance for CuCl2 (99.5 %), PbCl2 (99.4 %), Ni(NO3)2 (98.6 %), and ZnCl2 (98.4 %) at 4 bar. Furthermore, the UiO-66-NH2 nanoparticles can cross-link with the P84 polymer, ensuring a stable attachment between the polyamide (PA) layer and the P84 substrate by covalent bonds, preventing the potential conventional nanoparticle leakage. Additionally, three different fabrication methods were employed to explore the optimal approach for incorporating UiO-66-NH2 nanoparticles, with each method resulting in a distinct distribution of nanoparticles within the membrane. This study highlights the potential of the resultant membranes in addressing the challenges of wastewater treatment, offering a facile and promising avenue for heavy metal removal.

Effects of N, N-bis (carboxymethyl)-L-glutamic acid and polyaspartic acid on the phytoremediation of cadmium in contaminated soil at the presence of pyrene: Biochemical properties and transcriptome analysis

Chelator-assisted phytoremediation is an efficacious method for promoting the removal efficiency of heavy metals (HMs). The effects of N, N-bis(carboxymethyl)-L-glutamic acid (GLDA) and polyaspartic acid (PASP) on Cd uptake and pyrene removal by Solanum nigrum L. (S. nigrum) were compared in this study. Using GLDA or PASP, the removal efficiency of pyrene was over 98%. And PASP observably raised the accumulation and transport of Cd by S. nigrum compared with GLDA. Meanwhile, both GLDA and PASP markedly increased soil dehydrogenase activities (DHA) and microbial activities. DHA and microbial activities in the PASP treatment group were 1.05 and 1.06 folds of those in the GLDA treatment group, respectively. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 1206 and 1684 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were recognized in the GLDA treatment group and PASP treatment group, respectively. Most of the DEGs found in the PASP treatment group were involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, the biosynthesis of brassinosteroid and flavonoid, and they were up-regulated. The DEGs related to Cd transport were screened, and ABCG3, ABCC4, ABCG9 and Nramp5 were found to be relevant with the reduction of Cd stress in S. nigrum by PASP. Furthermore, with PASP treated, transcription factors (TFs) related to HMs such as WRKY, bHLH, AP2/ERF, MYB were down-regulated, while more MYB and bZIP TFs were up-regulated. These TFs associated with plant stress resistance would work together to induce oxidative stress. The above results indicated that PASP was more conducive for phytoremediation of Cd-pyrene co-contaminated soil than GLDA.

A Systematic Review on Removal Efficiency of Heavy Metals from Yamuna Water

A Systematic Review on Removal Efficiency of Heavy Metals from Yamuna Water

Removal of Chromium ions (Cr6+) and Nickel ions (Ni2+) from Simulated Industrial Wastewater Using Flow-by-Porous Electrode

The quality of water is significantly impacted by the presence of Cr6+ and Ni2+ ions. This study investigates the effectiveness of a flow-by porous graphite electrode cell in removing these contaminants from simulated industrial wastewater. We explore the impact of various factors on the removal process, demonstrating the method's potential for efficient removal. The initial concentration of nickel and chromium ions (20 to 80 mg/l and 20 to 100 mg/l, respectively), the feed flow rate (0.28 to 1.11 ml/s), current density (0.2 to 2.25 mA/cm2) and pH all influence the removal rate and efficiency. A higher feed flow rate negatively affects the removal efficiency of both Ni2+ and Cr6+ ions. Nickel removal efficiency decreased by 34.9% at 20 ppm and 26% at 80 ppm, representing the highest and lowest reductions in efficiency, respectively. Chromium removal efficiency decreased by 19% at 100 ppm and 6.5% at 50 ppm, indicating the highest and lowest reductions in efficiency, respectively, under the same flow rate change. Under optimal conditions, the removal efficiency for Ni2+ was 99.47% after 15 min of operation at a current density of 1.96 mA/cm2, a flow rate of 0.28 ml/s, and a pH of 8 and the removal efficiency for Cr6+ was 99.97% after 10 min of operation at a current density of 2.25 mA/cm2, a flow rate of 0.28 ml/s, and a pH of 2. The flow-through porous electrode system achieves efficient heavy metal removal with operating costs of 0.24 USD/m3 for nickel and 0.38 USD/m3 for chromium at optimal conditions.

Optimal growth conditions and heavy metal removal of Coelastrella sp. CORE-3 isolated from wastewater

This study was investigated to optimize growth conditions of native microalgae (Coelastrella sp. CORE-3) from wastewater, evaluate the removal of Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+ and compare both isolated microalgae and Ankistrodesmus bibraianus, and describe their sorption mechanisms on the cell surface. The effects of the pH, light: dark cycle and temperature on the growth of the isolated Coelastrella sp. CORE-3 was optimized. The optimal L:D cycle, temperature, and pH conditions were 14:10 hr, 25℃, pH 7. The growth of isolated microalgae, Coelastrella sp. CORE-3. was compared with A. bibraianus. The removal efficiency of heavy metals by Coelastrella sp. CORE-3 and A. bibraianus were found as follows, respectively: (live cell) Zn2+ > Cd2+ > Cu2+ > Ni2+, (dead cell) Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+ > Ni2+. SEM analysis indicated that more cell surface deformation occurred in A. bibraianus compared to Coelastrella sp. after exposure to heavy metals. This result suggests that Coelastrella sp. CORE-3 has more resistant to heavy metal toxicity. In addition, based on the FT-IR analysis, the live cells of Coelastrella sp. CORE-3 and A. bibraianus showed the interactions of heavy metals with the functional groups: alcohol, alkane, amide, amine on their cell surfaces.

Evaluation of Heavy Metal Removal Efficiency in Artificial Acidic Drainage Using Calcite and Aragonite

Evaluation of Heavy Metal Removal Efficiency in Artificial Acidic Drainage Using Calcite and Aragonite

Synergistic performance of polyethersulfone membranes embedded with graphene oxide‐zinc oxide nanocomposites for efficient heavy metal and dye removal with strong antibacterial properties

AbstractWater pollution caused by heavy metal ions (HMI) and dyes is a global issue challenging current solutions. Membrane filtration shows promise, yet faces limitations like fouling and low flux. This study proposes a new membrane by incorporating graphene oxide zinc oxide (GO‐ZnO) nanocomposites into a polyethersulfone (PES) matrix to overcome these challenges. The synthesized membrane exhibits strong antimicrobial activity, crucial for water treatment, and high efficiency in removing HMIs (Cu2+ and Ni2+) and dyes (BB9 and EBT) from water samples and industrial wastewater. Characterization via FTIR and FESEM confirms its chemical composition and morphology, while contact angle measurements assess its hydrophilicity. Mechanical strength tests ensure durability. Overall, the membrane demonstrates exceptional antimicrobial activity, pollutant removal efficiency, and mechanical robustness, highlighting the potential of integrating GO‐ZnO nanoparticles into PES membranes for water treatment.Highlights Synthesis of innovative PES membrane embedded with GO‐ZnO for durable and fast energy‐saving filtration. Thorough Membrane Characterization and its various applications with mechanisms. Efficient Heavy Metal and Dye Removal, Inherent Antibacterial Prowess.