Removable Prosthodontics Research Articles

Study the Effects of Bilateral Balanced Occlusion and Canine Guidance on Masseter and Temporalis Muscle Activity in Implant-Retained Overdentures Constructed with Open and Closed Tray Impression

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of balanced occlusion and canine guidance on masseter muscle activity in implant- retained overdentures constructed with open and closed tray impression. Material and methods: For the current study Twelve completely edentulous patients were selected from the Outpatient Clinic of Removable Prosthodontic Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al Azhar University (Assiut branch) according to special inclusion and exclusion criteria. All procedures were explained to all the patients and informed consent was assigned by each patient before the commencement of the investigation. All patients were divided into two groups; with the first group open tray impression techniques was used. While the second group used close tray impression techniques.For each group two dentures were constructed; the first denture was constructed with bilateral balanced occlusion, while the second denture was constructed with canine guidance.Conclusion: Successful implant overdenture has a positive effect on the masticatory efficiency regardless of the type of impression used. Masticatory efficiency improved with closed tray impression method together with bilateral balance occlusion had the best masticatory efficiency during chewing soft food or hard food than any other impression method (close-open tray impression) with any other occlusion (bilateral balance-canine guided occlusion) during chewing soft or hard food.

Limited evidence suggests complete arch digital scans are less time efficient than conventional impression.

Source of funding This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectorsType of study/design Randomised controlled trial (RCT) with parallel design.Subjects This RCT was conducted at the Clinic of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science, Centre of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Ten patients, six women and four men, with a mean age of 62 years and an age range of 49-77 years, requiring posterior tooth-supported 3-unit fixed partial dentures (FPDs) were included in this RCT. The abutment teeth were six molars and six premolars in the maxilla and five molars and three premolars in the mandible. The patients fulfilled the following inclusion criteria: they all were >18 years, with a full mouth plaque score <25% and a full mouth bleeding score <25%. They all needed a posterior tooth-supported FPD, in which the third molar was not an abutment tooth. Only abutments with no extensive pretreatment were eligible. Adjacent and opposing teeth should be healthy or adequately restored.Treatment Three intraoral digital scanning systems (Lava C.O.S.; 3M [Lava], iTero; Align Technology Inc [iTero], Cerec Bluecam; Dentsply Sirona [Cerec]) and conventional light/regular body polyether impression in a stock tray were made on each of the included participants by the same clinician. The opposing arch impression was made in alginate. The sequence of the four techniques was computer generated and concealed in opaque sealed envelopes. Three calibrated experienced clinicians were involved in the treatment. They followed the published guidelines for preparing abutments that receive CAD/CAM ceramic FPDs. After interim prosthesis removal and double retraction cord application, the digital or the conventional impression procedure was started as dictated by the random sequence. Scans were done according to the manufacturer's guidelines, whereby Lava and Cerec required powdering of the teeth by titanium oxide and iTero did not.Main outcome Time needed for obtaining a scan or an impression was calculated. For digital scans it consisted of the time required for powdering, scanning and occlusal registration, while in conventional impression it started from the beginning of impression mixing till tray removal. The number of impression or scan remakes required until results fulfilling the quality criteria were obtained was also recorded. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to rate the perception of both, clinicians and patients for the procedures. Patients were asked to rate their comfort with the procedure, while clinicians rated both difficulty and comfort, where 0 indicated uncomfortable and simple and 100 difficult and comfortable. Subjective assessment of the time as judged by the clinicians and the patients was also reported.Main results Generally speaking, conventional impression was better than the three complete arch digital scans, regarding time required in seconds, difficulty for clinicians, comfort and time perception of both patients and clinicians. Number of remakes were highest in iTero (7), followed by Lava, conventional impression and finally Cerec (0). The time required for each technique differed significantly Polyether = 658 (95%CI 528-782) Cerec = 1776 (95%CI 804-2386) iTero = 1107 (785 - 2091). A significant difference was found neither among the three digital impressions, nor between the conventional impression and Lava (μ = 1091, 95%CI [717-1465]). The same findings were reported regarding difficulty for the clinicians. A significant difference was reported between conventional impression (μ = 15, 95%CI [7-24]) and both Cerec (μ = 67, 95%CI [58-77]) and iTero (μ = 43, 95%CI [25-62]). No significant difference was reported among the studied techniques regarding patients' comfort and time perceptions of both clinicians and patients except for a difference in the patients' time perception of Cerec and conventional impression, where P = .035. Regarding the clinicians' comfort a significant difference was only found between conventional impression (μ = 82, 95%CI [69-94]) and Cerec (μ = 32, 95%CI [18-46]).Conclusion Within the limitations of this RCT, it can be concluded that complete arch conventional impression is objectively less time consuming and subjectively preferred by both clinicians and patients when compared to digital scanning. Digital scanning techniques, requiring powdering, are more difficult for the clinicians than powderless ones and conventional impression.

Laboratory Trends for Removable Prosthodontics: A Comparison of Two Surveys.

The purpose of this surveywas to assessdental laboratorytechnicians'perceptionsof the quality of communication andtechniques usedwhen receivingremovable prosthodontic cases.Additionally,responseswerecompared toa 2009 survey and changes in trends were evaluated. Aneleven-questionanonymous response survey was developedbased ona2009 surveythat assessed dental laboratory technicians' perceptions. The survey wasdistributed viaQualtricstomembers of the National Association of Dental Laboratories (NADL)The surveyincludedquestions related to detail of instruction, quality of work received, design of the prosthesis, and type of articulator used.Responses were compared to those received in 2009. Fifty-two survey responses were received from dental laboratory technicians. Of these, 12 did not provide removable prosthodontics services and were excluded. The remaining 40 responses were analyzed.Of these,only3.7% oftheresponding laboratory techniciansreported receiving work authorizations from dentists that were complete enough to do their best work.Whileroughly halfof the respondents (48.49%) expecteda dentist tosend a design for a cast partial denture framework,mostrespondents (72.5%)answeredthat theydesignedthe majority of the partial denture frameworks they fabricated.The majorityof respondents reported thatcomplete denture impressionswerenot border molded in custom trays, andthatmost dentists didnot rearrangeor modifya wax setup forcomplete or partial dentures.These findings were consistent with thetrendsreported in the 2009 survey. Most dental laboratory techniciansanswered thatbasedon their selected techniques, dentists tend to complete clinical procedures that minimize patient chair time. While the surveyed technicians appeared satisfied with the quality of work they received, there was aconsistent message that communication was frequently inadequate, limiting the technicians ability to fabricate their best work.

Adaptation et validation transculturelle d’un questionnaire de qualité de vie liée à la santé orale des sujets complètement édentés au Liban

The objectives of the present study were to adapt and validate transculturally the Arabic version of the OHIP-EDENT in a group of completely edentulous Lebanese individuals aged 60 or over. A sample of edentulous subjects aged 60 and over was recruited from the Department of Removable Prosthodontics, at the Saint-Joseph Unoversity of Beirut, and from a private medical clinic in Beirut. The Arabic version of OHIP-EDENT was applied. It comprised 19 items grouped into seven dimensions:functional limitation, pain, psychological discomfort, physical incapacity, psychological incapacity, social incapacity and handicap. Reproducibility, internal consistency, concurrent validity and discriminant validity were assessed. Two hundred and two participants were included in the study. The average age was 72.94 ± 7.378 years and 51% were women. The OHIP-EDENT presented good reproducibility (Intra-class correlation coefficient equal to 0.922), good internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient equal to 0.929) and good concurrent validity. OHIP-EDENT was significantly associated with using functional prostheses, prosthetic status, stability of the prostheses and the number of years the prostheses were worn (p &lt;0.05).The Lebanese version of OHIP-EDENT has shown good psychometric properties. The properties of OHIP-EDENT should be compared with other OHRQoL tools according to cross-sectional and prospective studies to confirm the results obtained.

Impact of personality traits on prosthodontic patients

Determining oral health-related quality of life in elderly patientswith removable prostheses who have increased difficulty inreporting oral issues is imperative for a successful rehabilitation.Aim: Our objective is to assess the extent to which a trace,or personality dimension, can influence oral health-relatedquality of life (OHRQoL) in rehabilitated patients. Methods:135 participants rehabilitated with removable prosthesis wereevaluated in the Clinical Unit of Removable Prosthodontics ofthe Faculty of Dental Medicine of Porto University, Portugal. TheOral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire was appliedto evaluate oral health-related quality of life, along with theEysenck Personality Inventory (E.P.I.) to determine a personalitytrait. Statistical analysis was carried out using Mann-Whitney,Student’s t-test, Spearman’s rho and linear regression. Results:No statistical correlation was found concerning age, gender andoral health-related quality of life. Regarding the latter, the highestagreement was found on the question involving “pain in teeth”.The prevalence of acrylic partial dentures, as opposed to partialdentures with metallic framework, was substantially higher. Nosignificant association between both extraversion/neuroticism(E.P.I.) and oral health-related quality of life (OHIP-14) uponrehabilitation with removable prostheses was found (p&gt;0,05).In our study, personality traits neuroticism and extraversion didnot influence oral health-related quality of life with removableprostheses. However, we should not overlook the importance ofother psychological factors (such as motivation or perception)and their role in determining oral health-related quality of life.Conclusion: Personality traits “extraversion” and “neuroticism”did not influence oral health-related quality of life.

Teaching the Design and Fabrication of RPD Frameworks With a Digital Workflow: A Preclinical Dental Exercise.

IntroductionThe conventional method for teaching removable partial denture (RPD) design using a pencil drawing on a solid cast has always been the basis for teaching RPD design in most dental schools at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. This does not apply to RPD fabrication technology, as more laboratories have recently adopted more efficient and versatile digital techniques to design and fabricate RPD frameworks.MethodsAt the University of Iowa College of Dentistry, we created a pilot workshop to assess the efficiency of a new approach to teaching RPD design utilizing this new digital RPD technology as a teaching tool for graduate prosthodontics residents. Three first-year prosthodontics residents were enrolled in the workshop, which involved learning the new digital workflow of designing RPD.ResultsThis new teaching approach very successfully achieved its educational goals. The residents reported that the digital RPD teaching approach enriched their knowledge and deepened their understanding of RPD design.DiscussionThe technique garnered significant interest from the students and seemed to also increase their understanding of the steps involved in RPD fabrication as well as the different components of the RPD.

Effect of Silane Coupling Agent Content on Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Denture Base Composite

In removable prosthodontics, poly(methyl methacrylate) is the most suitable for the construction of denture bases. Intra-orally, the subjected stress intensity during the function accelerate the fracture of acrylic resin denture bases. Extra-orally, fracture occurs when dentures are accidentally dropped on a hard surface. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of coupling agent concentration on the mechanical properties of Hydroxyapatite/Poly(methyl methacrylate) denture base composite. The HA treated with four different ratios (i.e. 0, 5, 7 and 10 wt%) of γMPS silane coupling agent was added into the PMMA matrix. The mechanical performance of the composite was evaluated by conducting fracture toughness, flexural and tensile tests. An improvement of 13.83% and 9.62% in the tensile and flexural strength respectively, was achieved. The tensile and flexural modulus of the composite increased by 19.04% and 12.5% respectively. A significant improvement of 29.26% in the fracture toughness was observed at 10 wt% of γ-MPS . 10 wt% of γ-MPS is the optimum amount of coupling agent for obtaining a balanced mechanical properties.

Accuracy of a chairside intraoral scanner compared with a laboratory scanner for the completely edentulous maxilla: An in vitro 3-dimensional comparative analysis

Statement of problemIntraoral scanners are promising options for removable prosthodontics. However, analog aids, including occlusion rims, are still used, as a completely digital workflow is challenging and scientific evidence on the topic is scarce. PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to assess and compare the trueness and precision of scans obtained from a reference typodont of a completely edentulous maxilla by using an intraoral scanner (TRIOS 3 Pod; 3Shape A/S) with scans obtained by using a laboratory scanner (DScan 3; EGS S.R.L.) from both Type IV stone casts and polysulfide impressions. Material and methodsThe polyurethane resin reference typodont was replicated from a clinical cast and was scanned with a metrological machine to obtain a reference scan. Ten digital casts were obtained by applying standardized scanning strategies to the reference typodont with the intraoral scanner. A device was created to make 10 consistent polysulfide impressions, and a scan of each impression was made with the laboratory scanner and then digitally reversed to obtain 10 digital reversed casts. Ten Type IV stone casts were poured and then scanned with the laboratory scanner to obtain 10 digital extraoral scanner casts. The scans in standard tessellation language (STL) format were imported into a dedicated software program, and the trueness and precision were calculated in μm. In addition to descriptive statistics (confidence interval 95%), 1-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni test or the Kruskal-Wallis and the Dunn tests were used to analyze differences among groups (α=.05). ResultsThe trueness values (95% confidence interval) were digital intraoral scanner cast=48.7 (37.8-59.5), digital reversed cast=249.9 (121.3-378.5), and digital extraoral scanner cast=308.8 (186.6-430.9); significant differences were detected between digital intraoral scanner cast and digital reversed cast (P<.001) and between digital IOS casts and digital extraoral scanner cast (P<.001). The precision values (95% confidence interval) were digital intraoral scanner cast=46.7 (29.7-63.7), digital reversed cast=271.2 (94.6-447.8), and digital extraoral scanner cast=341.4 (175.5-507.3); significant differences were detected between digital intraoral scanner cast and digital reversed cast (P=.003) and between digital intraoral scanner cast and digital extraoral scanner cast (P=.001). ConclusionsDirectly scanning a solid typodont of a completely edentulous maxilla with the intraoral scanner produced better trueness and precision than scanning the polysulfide impressions or the stone casts with a laboratory scanner.

Development of a European consensus from dentists, dental hygienists and physicians on a standard for oral health care in care-dependent older people: An e-Delphi study.

This study aimed to obtain a consensus on oral health policy, access to dental care, oral hygiene measures and training levels. Poor oral health is widespread in care-dependent older people, but no consensus for a minimum standard of oral health care exists yet. The e-Delphi approach was applied to a selected panel of interdisciplinary experts. Data analysis was based on three measurements: (a) ≥70% of experts' opinion fall into category "agree or strongly agree," (b) median score on the 5-point Likert scale ≥4, (c) interquartile range ≤1. A total of 31 experts from 17 European countries participated in this survey. Agreement was achieved for a compulsory dental examination when an elder is admitted to a long-term care (LTC) facility. Older people should brush their teeth twice/day and regularly clean interproximal spaces and oral mucosa. Dentures should be rinsed after meals and cleaned twice/day. The use of denture cleansing tablets was considered necessary. Dentures should be removed before sleeping and stored dry. A 5000ppm fluoride toothpaste should be applied daily in elder with high caries risk. A short report on the oral health status of the elder should be included in the geriatric assessment. All experts concluded that the knowledge and the training in oral health care for caregivers and family members of care-dependent older people were imperative. Using the e-Delphi method, multidisciplinary healthcare professionals from different countries agreed on certain cardinal recommendations for a standard oral health care for care-dependent older people.

Trends in Prosthodontics - A Review

Prosthodontics is concerned with the impact of tooth or tissue damage and partial or complete loss of teethon oral function in its broadest sense. It deals with this largely through prosthetic replacement. The disciplineoccupies a major portion of a dental school curriculum, and dental practitioners usually devote much of theirpractice to prosthodontic services. It is continuously evolving consequent to the rapid advancements in dentalbiomaterials science, clinical and laboratory techniques and technologies, education, research, therapeutics,literature, and interdisciplinary developments. While the basic process of making dentures has changed littleover the past several decades, new materials and techniques can help laboratories and clinicians providefunctional, esthetic restorations that offer exceptional value to patients. Implant treatment is a tremendousadjunct to removable prosthodontics in the treatment of edentulous patients, but it is not within the financialreach of all dental patients.In future, prosthodontics has a very good scope and it is going to be beneficial forthe patients who are edentulous.Technology developments are very much needed in future for its very wellestablishments .This review is aimed to discover some fascinating facts about the trends that are prevailingin prosthodontics and its future scope.

A combined digital-conventional workflow to fabricate a removable partial denture for a patient with a severe gag reflex

Introducing a novel approach to overcoming a profound gag reflex and aversion to conventional dental impression procedures when fabricating a removable partial denture. The digital workflow is becoming increasingly popular in the discipline of fixed prosthodontics. Chairside digitization of a patient's dentition is a less invasive and more comfortable procedure in comparison to conventional dental impression techniques. The advantages can be most relevant to patients with a profound gag-reflex. Currently, certain challenges exist with full digitization in the discipline of removable prosthodontics. Combining digital and conventional workflows may serve as an alternative technique to construct removable prostheses for groups who cannot tolerate conventional methods. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Many patient groups may not tolerate conventional dental impression techniques. This method offers a combination of existing techniques as a suitable alternative for this cohort.

A new method for adding the flexible resin (thermoplastic nylon) to the lingual flanges of mandibular complete denture and its effect on the retention of this denture: A case report

A healthy 61-year-old Syrian man he was selected from the patients referred to the Removable Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Hama University. The patient received one maxillary complete denture and two mandibular complete dentures. One mandibular complete denture was made of conventional heat cured acrylic resin (Traditional), and the other had its lingual flanges made of thermoplastic nylon IRIS. Digital force meter was used to measure retention of mandibular complete dentures at delivery (T1) and at two weeks (T2) and two months (T3) following denture insertion. The treatment results showed an improvement in denture retention with IRIS denture than Conventional one.

Perception of confidence among dental interns when performing removable prosthodontic treatment

Introduction: Removable prosthodontics constitutes the majority of the prosthodontic curriculum at an undergraduate level and it is expected that the students will be able to perform these procedures independently. However, in recent years, it has been observed that the majority of the removable prosthodontic treatment have been referred to consultants or at times even delegated to the technicians. One of the major reasons behind this trend may be the result of an individual graduate's internal perception of their ability or lack of confidence in their ability to perform these procedures.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among dental interns in People’s Dental College and Hospital, affiliated to Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal after the ethical approval from PDCH-IRC. A self-designed validated questionnaire related to the experience of individual interns and level of confidence pertaining to clinical procedures related to removable prosthesis fabrication was distributed by the authors to the interns. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 21); descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact test was applied.&#x0D; Results: Overall most of the interns (77.8%; n=28) were confident in removable prosthodontics and they were equally confident while performing both complete and partial denture prostheses. Male interns were significantly more confident (p&lt;0.5) in performing complete denture prostheses while the clinical experience did not have a significant effect on the confidence level. The interns were confident in performing most of the procedures related to complete and partial denture prostheses (median=3).&#x0D; Conclusions: The interns at People’s Dental College and Hospital were confident in removable prosthodontics. The few procedures where our interns lacked have been identified and efforts will be made to overcome these shortcomings.

Students' self-confidence and perceived quality of prosthodontics education: A study in the Faculty of Dental Medicine of the University of Porto.

Oral rehabilitation with removable dentures (RDs) is still a viable choice for the edentulous population. Fostering students' confidence in prosthodontic procedures should be a major concern in dental schools. This study has three purposes: (a) to measure the self-reported confidence levels of undergraduate dental students when performing removable prosthodontic treatments; (b) to evaluate the students' perceived quality of removable prosthodontics education; and (c) to assess the students' suggestions to improve removable prosthodontics education. An anonymous questionnaire was delivered to third-, fourth- and fifth-year students of the Faculty of Dental Medicine of the University of Porto (FMDUP) (n=176). Data from quantitative questions were statistically analysed with IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (V.24.0), whilst qualitative data were clustered into topics and analysed in Excel. With a 100% response rate, most students felt "confident" and "very confident" in RD clinical procedures. Overall, the 5th-year students had higher confidence than 4th-year ones, except when surveying diagnostic casts. Our findings also revealed that students considered the removable prosthodontics education "Good" and "Very good," and their main suggestions were related to increasing the time allocated to clinical practice. Students' confidence in carrying out removable prosthodontic procedures grew as they progressed through the course. Overall, the students' evaluation of the quality of prosthodontics education was positive, and their main suggestion to improve their confidence levels was increasing the clinical experience.

Removable Prosthodontics for the Management of Severe Toothwear

Toothwear is becoming increasingly more common for dentists to manage as the population is maintaining its teeth for longer. A large proportion of cases can be managed by means of adhesive dentistry in conjunction with preventive advice. There are, however, patients with severe toothwear alone, or toothwear in conjunction with missing teeth, which would be best served with a removable prosthodontic approach. This is particularly the case where dental implants are not indicated or appropriate. This article illustrates the use of removable prosthodontics for the management of toothwear and highlights the importance of these restorations in certain cases. It also considers the supportive programme required to ensure success of this treatment modality. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Toothwear is a prevalent dental problem that cannot always be addressed with an adhesive restorative or fixed prosthodontic approach, particularly when the toothwear is severe and or in combination with existing missing teeth.

Radiographic Evaluation of Single Implant Retained Overdenture Using Locator Versus Ball and Socket Attachments

Aim: The aim of this study was to radiographically evaluate ball versus locator attachment systems for mandibular single implant-retained complete over denture. Subjects and Methods: Twenty completely edentulous patients were randomly selected from the Outpatient Clinic, Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, (Boys, Cairo), Al-Azhar University. The patients divided into groups, group I received single implant retained overdenture with ball and socket while group II received single implant retained overdenture with locator attachment. Radiographic evaluation was carried out with periapical radiograph using the extension cone parallel technique. Results: Group I recorded higher bone loss than group after one year of overdenture insertion and the difference was significant. Conclusion: Locator attachment provides optimal results regarding preservation of bone around implant fixture of implant retained overdenture than those with ball and socket attachment.

Lateral incisors versus canine areas for two implant placements used to retain mandibular overdenture: Periodic monitoring of ridge base contact relation

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effect of two different implants' position (lateral incisors and canine areas) to retain mandibular complete overdenture on the ridge base contact relation after 6 months of overdenture use. Materials and Methods: Ten completely edentulous patients were selected from the Outpatient Clinic of Removable Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University. According to the position of implant placement, patients were randomly classified into two equal groups; Group I where two implants were placed in the lateral incisors' area and Group II where two implants were placed in the canines' area. Positioner attachment was connected to the implant fixture to retain the mandibular implant overdenture. Periodic monitoring of ridge base contact relation was carried out at the time of insertion (T0) and 6 months (T6) later using cone-beam computed tomography (the dual scan technique procedures). Results: There was a statistically insignificant difference between the two groups (lateral incisors' position group and canines' position group) regarding the ridge base contact relationship. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study (patient number and study period), the ridge base relationship of two implants retained mandibular overdenture is maintained regardless of the implants' position.

Determining defensible cut-off scores for dental courses.

Many countries and institutions have a fixed passing score of 60%. For example, this is a national policy in all Saudi universities where students at all levels must score 60% or higher to pass courses. The purpose of this study is to broaden the scope of standard-setting applications, using data from five major dental courses (Endodontics, Operative, Removable and Fixed Prosthodontics, and Pedodontics) in the 5th dental academic year for two consecutive years to determine the cut-off scores. Four expert raters conducted Angoff's method on final examinations of five dental courses to determine the cut-off scores for the two academic years (2015, and 2016). Cohort size of 2015 was 120 students, whilst that of 2016 was 142 students. The study was conducted at the faculty of Dentistry, at King Abdulaziz University (KAU) from December 2017 to June 2018. All five dental courses yielded different cut-off scores than the fixed 60%. The cut-off scores for 2015 and 2016 examinations were 59.15%, 63.75% for Removable Prosthodontics, 51.86%, 53.75% for Fixed Prosthodontics, 47.42%, 50.5% for Pedodontics, 74.22%, 74.31% for Endodontics and 58%, 55.55% for Operative Dentistry. Angoff method yielded different cut-off scores than the fixed 60% passing score currently used by the dental school, yielding a difference in pass-fail rates by as much as a staggering 41%. This finding provides support to use evidence-based standard-setting methods to determine the cut-off score for the courses in Dentistry programme.

Awareness of Removable Prosthodontics on Clinical Experience of Dental Students - A Survey

Awareness of Removable Prosthodontics on Clinical Experience of Dental Students - A Survey

Role of PEEK biomaterial in prosthodontics: A literature review

Role of PEEK biomaterial in prosthodontics: A literature review - APRD- Print ISSN No: - 2581-4796 Online ISSN No:- 2581-480X Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.aprd.2019.015, IP Annals of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry-IP Ann Prosthodont Restor Dent