Remote Vehicle Research Articles

Development of a Secured Vehicle Spot Detection System Using GSM

The number of vehicles stolen is increasing annually. The alarm system for vehicles is commonly used to expose the burglars publicly to make a scene. If the vehicle owner is far away, it will be hard to distinguish the threat to the vehicle from the intruder. To deter such crime, there should be a safer protection mechanism for vehicles around the globe. Moreover, overcrowd parking lot problems have always been an issue. Nevertheless, it became even worse with the progressing urbanization and population expansion. Anyone may have experienced that moment of panic when you realize you have no idea where you parked your vehicle. Note that, the keyless remote control of vehicles has a short-range radio transmitter. It usually can reach up 5–20 meters. Therefore, this paper develops a proposed system that is used for detecting vehicle location using Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). It is basically capable to switch ON and OFF vehicle alarm system to detect the location of the vehicle in a crowded area. PIC microcontroller that has been embedded in the system programmed using C language. The intelligent proposed system also designs to enhance the security feature for the transportation era. The proposed system offers better service and cost-effective for the vehicle owners.

BCM PIN Read Conversion Application on Intelligent key Vehicle registration on Android Based

Intelligent-key registration is a process of registering smart remote vehicles so that the vehicle security system is not misused. The application of the conversion of pin-read BCM has been designed to run on android with a smart device that uses the media app developer inventor. This application made to allow intelligent-key registration was a conventional stage in registration in the process. But, using this application registration intelligent-key so more efficient and effective. Developed with an evolutionary prototyping method of development. With a model test in testing and behavior of testing was definitely black box uml. An application that is built enough to fulfill its sales target in the spare part, help when processing intelligent-key registration, and easily used for emergency service.

Monitoring for Analytes through LoRa and LoRaWAN Technology

The purpose of this research is to investigate the use of a communication network utilizing Long Range (LoRa) low-power wide-area network protocol for the telemetry of detected target chemicals. The sensor platform under development allows traditional electrochemical techniques to be executed with a low Size, Weight, and Power (low SWaP) system that is deployable using an autonomous or remote-controlled vehicle. Once in the field, the sensors communicate target chemical concentrations to a centralized gateway through LoRa to an Internet of Things (IoT) network. Researchers are currently deploying the prototype network for field testing of each node’s sensing, meshing, and communication capabilities throughout all weather climates. Developing a robust and dynamic sensor network to monitor the environment and provide a live data feed to detect chemicals of interest in the environment eliminates the need for direct human interaction. The low power consumption of LoRa allows the network nodes to be deployed for an extended amount of time on a single battery supply.

Conceptualisation of Human-on-the-Loop Haptic Teleoperation With Fully Autonomous Self-Driving Vehicles in the Urban Environment

The automotive industry aims to deploy commercial level-5 fully autonomous self-driving vehicles (FA-SDVs) in a diverse range of benefit-driven concepts on city roads in the years to come. In all future visions of operating networks of FA-SDVs, humans are expected to intervene with some kind of remote supervisory role. Recent advances in cyber-physical systems (CPS) within the concept of Internet of Everything (IoE) using tactile internet (TI) teleport us to teleoperate remote objects within the cyber-world. Human-on-the-loop (HOTL) haptic teleoperation with an extension of human control and sensing capability by coupling with artificial sensors and actuators with an increased sense of real-time driving in the remote vehicle can help overcome the challenging tasks when the new driver - artificial intelligence (AI) agent - encounters an unorthodox situation that can't be addressed by the autonomous capabilities. This paper analyses HOTL real-time haptic delay-sensitive teleoperation with FA-SDVs, in the aspects of human-vehicle teamwork by establishing two similar remote parallel worlds --- real-world vehicle time-varying environment and cyber-world emulation of this environment, i.e., digital twins (DTs) --- in which a human telesupervisor (HTS), as a biological agent, can be immersed within a reasonable timescale with no cybersickness enabling omnipresence and a bidirectional flow of energy and information. The experiments conducted as a proof of concept of HOTL haptic teleoperation shows promising results and the potential of benefiting from the proposed framework.

Vehicle To Vehicle System For Congestion Control And Performance Validation

The vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication is the inter vehicle communication model which is not more applied and systematize by governments. The important attribute of the V2V communication is that it does not depend on other reliable network like cellular network to communicate between other vehicles. It is an ad hoc communication spans up to 1km with 360 view of the near vehicles. Despite the wide range of benefit that V2V offered, it had to face a number of challenges in deployment. Due to the good rated by operator of V2V communication capability to solve road traffic critical safety around the world, increases interest in these technologies. However, in dense traffic conditions as the V2V deployment scales up, the resultant channel load increases and leads to channel congestion and may adversely affect the performance of the safety applications. The primary contribution of this paper is that using a congestion generation test bed that emulates channel congestion including a large number of remote vehicles. In this regard V2V communication is VANET is designed for automobile to interact with each other automatically, using a wireless network and increase the reach around the world.

Vehicle Position and Context Detection Using V2V Communication

A pre-crash detection and warning system in a host vehicle needs to accurately determine the position of each remote vehicle in its vicinity and the context of the driving environment. ADAS (Advanced driver-assistance systems) have extensively used camera radar and LIDAR for automatic detection of vehicles, pedestrians and other road users and their behaviors. However, these vehicle-resident sensors have short operation ranges and require objects to be within the line-of-sight. V2V communication has emerged to be a promising technology to augment vehicle-resident sensors with extended ability of an overall vehicle safety system by addressing a broader range of crash scenarios with improved warning timing. In this paper we present an intelligent system, Geo+NN, developed using the synergy of neural network and geometric modeling. We extract the key geometric features using an analytic geometric model and use them as input to a neural network that is trained on real-world V2V signals to detect and predict remote vehicles’ positions. Geo+NN system is evaluated on V2V communication data recorded during real-world driving trips by vehicles installed with DSRC devices. Experimental results show that Geo+NN has the capabilities of effectively detecting and predicting remote vehicles within the context of 8 different positions.

Using vision-based object detection for link quality prediction in 5.6-GHz channel

Various smart connected devices are emerging like automated driving cars, autonomous robots, and remote-controlled construction vehicles. These devices have vision systems to conduct their operations without collision. Machine vision technology is becoming more accessible to perceive self-position and/or the surrounding environment thanks to the great advances in deep learning technologies. The accurate perception information of these smart connected devices makes it possible to predict wireless link quality (LQ). This paper proposes an LQ prediction scheme that applies machine learning to HD camera output to forecast the influence of surrounding mobile objects on LQ. The proposed scheme utilizes object detection based on deep learning and learns the relationship between the detected object position information and the LQ. Outdoor experiments show that LQ prediction proposal can well predict the throughput for around 1 s into the future in a 5.6-GHz wireless LAN channel.

Passive velocity estimation of remotely-controlled vehicles via Doppler tracking

Passive velocity estimation of remotely-controlled vehicles via Doppler tracking

Military-Police Fusion at the Southern Border

Examining the activities of the Israel Defense Forces along the Gaza-Israel border, this article identifies a new phase in what the author calls ‘military-police fusion’. The analysis focuses on novel technologies—remote-controlled weapon stations and unmanned ground vehicles—and on the women soldiers who operate these systems. The central claim is that the blurring of boundaries between military and policing missions, combined with high-tech weaponry, has resulted in the development and implementation of new modes of violence that are currently undergoing a process of redefinition and feminization. The article addresses three key dimensions of the processes occurring in the hybrid operational environment along the Gaza-Israel border: the legal dimension, the technological dimension, and the gender dimension.

4G Antipode: Remote Control of a Ground Vehicle From Around the World

Remote control of vehicles (in the air, on the land, and on the sea) is usually performed with a custom radio link. However, with the prevalence of cellular networks, command and control via 4G cellular networks is possible. In this work, we demonstrate control of a remote-controlled vehicle at two points on the Earth that are almost the antipodes (opposite sides of the Earth), at a distance of 18 500 km apart. A remote video link is also provided. This demonstrates the longest distance yet of control of a vehicle via a 4G cellular link.

Event‐triggered intelligent energy management strategy for plug‐in hybrid electric buses based on vehicle cloud optimisation

Energy management strategy (EMS) of plug-in hybrid electric buses (PHEBs) has a very important impact on the fuel economy. Currently there is still huge room to improve the performance of EMS, regarding the optimisation and real-time application potentials. With the rapid development of intelligent transportation systems, the emerging technologies, such as telematics, remote vehicle monitoring, cloud optimisation, and so on, provide an opportunity to realize this goal. Based on this, this study proposes an event-triggered intelligent EMS for PHEBs. Taking the demand torque of PHEB and the battery's state-of-charge as the inputs, and the electric motor torque as the output, triangle and trapezoid membership functions are chosen to construct a specialised fuzzy controller to accomplish torque split task in the studied PHEB. To further improve the fuzzy controller, an enhanced genetic algorithm is proposed to optimize its membership function parameters. Furthermore, to reduce the calculated load in the vehicle cloud optimisation process, an event-triggered mechanism is introduced. Finally, the proposed strategy is verified, and results show that the proposed strategy improves the fuel economy of the studied PHEB by 19% and 22% over that using the rule-based strategy, under the real-world driving cycle and China typical urban driving cycle, respectively.

Information technology for remote forced vehi-cle speed limits to improve road safety

Problems. Overcoming the consequences of traffic accidents places a heavy burden on the country's health and social services. The International Transport Forum has developed the report “Striving for Zero: High Tasks and a Systematic Approach to Traffic Safety”. Forum experts consider non-compliance with the high-speed regime on roads to be a key problem in the growth of road accidents, and the use of information technologies is one of the ways to reduce accidents. Goal. Based on the analysis, we formulated the goal of the study, which consists in creating a method and device for remote forced speed limits (RFSL) of vehicles on roads in the city and outside it in accordance with the speed limit adopted at this place. The task of this article is to formulate a concept for improving road safety in Ukraine in terms of bringing vehicle speeds to the maximum allowable values for these roads (the concept is outlined and justified), as well as developing a functional diagram of a device for remote forced vehicle speed limitation. Methodology . The analytical method is research of existing systems that can remote forced speed to limit. The method of synthesis is creation the structural scheme of a new system, based on the advantages and disadvantages of analyzed systems. Results . A method of improving road safety by remote forced speed limits of cars on roads within the city and outside them in accordance with the accepted speed limit in this place is the constant transmission over mobile networks or any other communication signal carrying information about the restrictions speed in a specific place on a specific highway. This signal after reception is processed in the microprocessor control system of fuel supply to the car engine according to a certain algorithm for the purpose of maintenance of a car speed, which does not exceed the value of restriction. Moreover, the driver of the vehicle could not, even if he wanted to, compromise such a restriction. Originality . The method of remote forced speed limitation of the car works as follows. The GSM receiver (possibly another radio receiver) constantly receives a signal that carries the value of the speed allowed on this road. In a microprocessor control unit (MCU), this value is compared to a signal from a digital speedometer or speed sensor, which is the current value of the vehicle speed. The inconsistency of these two signals or exceeding the speed of the car over the allowable speed on this road is the basis for recalculation (reduction) according to the programmed algorithm by the MCU unit of the amount of fuel required to feed the injector, as well as to reduce the duration of injectors. Reducing the fuel supply to the engine cylinders lowers the speed of the car to the acceptable values. Practical value . Functional schemes of devices for realization of the offered way on the basic types of control systems of the engine in modern cars are developed. As an example, a generalized universal functional diagram of a device for remote forced limitation of vehicle speed is given. Key words . traffic safety, speeding, remote forced vehicle speed limit, microprocessor, controller.

Spray performance assessment of a remote-controlled vehicle prototype for pesticide application in greenhouse tomato crops

Intensive horticultural production is a sector seeking to provide high-quality foods by means of safe and sustainable procedures in compliance with regulations. This requires improvements in the spraying technologies since currently plant protection products are applied by means of hand-held equipment due to its lower cost and easy maintenance. In order to fulfil these requirements, a remote-controlled vehicle prototype (ROBOT SPRAY) was used. After optimizing the spray profile and the air assistance system of the “ROBOT SPRAY” sprayer in laboratory, its performance using two different nozzle sets (full cone and hollow cone) with and without air assistance was compared with those of a spray gun in a greenhouse tomato crop. The spray deposition on canopy, spray coverage and losses to soil were assessed. The “ROBOT SPRAY” provided better penetration and coverage on the underside of the leaves while no improvement was shown with the use of air assistance. Overall, a higher spray deposition was observed for the full cone nozzles when compared to hollow cone nozzles.

Development of personal vehicle remote control system using Wi-Fi 6 mesh network

Development of personal vehicle remote control system using Wi-Fi 6 mesh network

Vehicular Communications for ITS: Standardization and Challenges

Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are fast moving from connected vehicles on the road to autonomous driving. Vehicular communication is a key enabler for the deployment of advanced ITS applications such as platooning and remote vehicle control. DSRC and C-V2X are two key wireless technologies that will play a vital role in the implementation and deployment of an autonomous transport system. We review the current standardization efforts for both of these technologies with a focus on MAC and PHY layers. The automotive industry and research community have been working on new standards -- IEEE 802.11bd (for DSRC) and 5G NR V2X (for C-V2X) -- to meet the high reliability and low latency requirements of autonomous driving. We also highlight the major changes that have been made to previous standards such as IEEE 802.11p and C-V2X. Finally, we present open challenges that need to be addressed to further improve these standards for vehicular communications.

Design and Development of Smart Fleet System using Global Positioning System

Now a days, Vehicle tracking system plays a major role in our daily life. As the technology grows, vehicle thefts are increasing enormously. This paper proposes to design an embedded system which is used to track and position any vehicle by using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global system for mobile communication (GSM). This helps in monitoring and reporting the status of the moving Vehicle on demand continuously. So, ATMEGA328 microcontroller is serially interfaced to a GSM Modem and GPS Receiver through serial communication protocol RS 232. In this, driver circuit is used to covert TTL voltages into RS 232 voltage levels. Identifying the position of the remote vehicle is done by GPS modem continuously. The current location details like vehicle longitudes and latitudes of the remote vehicle is sent through GSM modem. The output is acquired from GPS modem and displayed on the LCD display. The same data is transmitted to the mobile at the other end from where the position of the vehicle is demanded. Based on the request placed by the user, the position of the vehicle is automatically sent to the corresponding mobile number. So, this project has been implemented to identify lost vehicle, know the status of moving vehicle from remote location and send the information to the user's mobile number.

Communication of Hazards in Mixed-Reality Telerobotic Systems: The Usage of Naturalistic Avoidance Cues in Driving Tasks.

This study investigates the effect of naturalistic visual cues on human avoidance behavior for a potential use in telerobotic user interfaces incorporating mixed-reality environments (e.g., augmented reality). Telerobotic systems used in hazardous environments require interfaces that draw operators' attention to potential dangers. Existing means of hazard notification can often distract or induce stress in operators. In the design and implementation of such interfaces, visual semiotics plays a critical role in creating more effective interfaces. Naturalistic visual cues such as Aposematism or Kindchenschema have proven effective to communicate danger or caution in nature, but the application of these cues in visual systems have yet to be thoroughly investigated. A study was conducted where 40 volunteering participants were asked to control a remote vehicle in a simulated environment. The environment contained a set of neutral and visually augmented obstacles that were designed to provoke avoidance behavior. The use of visual cues triggered greater avoidance behaviors in participants compared to neutral obstacles. The distance of avoidance was correlated with the type of cue present, with obstacles augmented by Aposematism (Cue A) having a greater participant-obstacle distance than Kindchenschema (Cue K). This study shows the potential for the incorporation of naturalistic visual cues as a means to designate warning or caution in telerobotic environments. The findings can offer practical guidelines for the design of visual cues in telerobotic interfaces. The further incorporation of such cues may reduce operator stress and the amount of human errors in telerobotic operations.

Internet Controlled Remote Vehicle with Live Video Relay and Local Memory

A surveillance system is of the utmost importance in any area or domain, but the process of planning, building and executing this surveillance system is based on the use-case. The use-case of this particular surveillance system is used for post-destruction areas and areas that dissipate chemical radiation. The objective of this paper is to design the model and assemble an Internet Controlled Remote Vehicle that is managed and controlled through the web page, where the user can also access and view the live video relay. The end goal of this paper to draft an interface that consists of the application, settings, camera, and devices general navigation purpose, to achieve this objective the remote-controlled vehicle uses wireless technology and the data is given to the device for the navigation. The device assists in situations where a building might have many levels so the surveillance of such building would be difficult as the installation of cameras would be expensive, difficult and even with the assistance of security guards it would be difficult as there would be many blind spots and too much area to cover. Another such condition where the device can be used to counter the difficulty is probably in the areas where there has been a chemical, toxic gas leak or radiation. The device provides the above challenges or situations via the implementation of a dynamic monitoring system based on an IP camera navigated or steered by a Wi-Fi remote-controlled car. The car is steered by the user, using the web page designed for the dedicated movement the user desires. The IP camera acts as eyes for viewing the area in front of viewing on the web page. Wi-Fi System is used to connect the user via a server.

Bismo Jelantik Joyodiharjo PENDEKATAN BIOMIMICRY PADA DESAIN SARANA SEARCH AND RESCUE DENGAN TEKNOLOGI ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

As a young species of 200.000 years, human is part of earth ecosystem. For 3.8 billion years, other livingbeings have evolved, adapting and selected by nature, until we came and disrupt the balance. Populationgrowth and climate change impact all of earth’s ecosystem. Urbanization and deforestation resulted in floodingin parts of Indonesia. Flooding is worse in urban areas as more risks involved. The Search and Rescueoperation can benefit from remote controlled unmanned vehicles to help save people. Conventional propulsionuses propeller, however in urban flooding condition, there are lots of debris in the water and the propeller canget stuck. Biomimicry uses nature’s genius to solve problem with emphasis on sustainability. This approachseeks nature’s advice in designing an alternative solution to the propeller problem in certain condition. Mobuliformswimmers, such as Manta Rays, present a model of efficient and debris-proof propulsion that can be used inthe search and rescue unmanned vehicles. This paper will highlight the Biomimicry process in designing aSearch and Rescue vehicle, called RCM3D-SAR that uses inspiration from Manta Ray’s pectoral fins. Thedesign is based on additive manufacturing technology and form follows function approach.

New Architectural Design of the Runtime Server for Remote Vehicle Communication Services

New Architectural Design of the Runtime Server for Remote Vehicle Communication Services