Remote Recording Research Articles

PSIII-3 Evaluation of remote detection of heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature for improved detection of bovine respiratory disease in high-risk receiving calves

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the VetGuardian remote monitor to create data-driven detection of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) by identifying vital sign abnormalities for early disease detection. Male calves (n = 20, initial body weight = 213 ± 3 kg) were purchased from regional auction markets and shipped to the University of Arkansas Stocker Receiving Unit. Upon arrival, calves were weighed, branded, received an identification tag, vaccinated, dewormed, and bulls were castrated. On d 1, the remote sensor was used to monitor all calves while restrained in the chute system detecting their body temperatures, and heart and respiratory rates. The remote sensor was placed in 1 of 2 locations for recordings: 1) in front of chute to capture the head, or 2) on the side of chute capturing the torso. Each calf was assigned to a scan location (10 calves/scan location). For all calves, rectal temperatures were also recorded manually, and heart and respiratory rates were determined by thoracic auscultation. Before processing and for the following 28 d, cattle were observed daily for clinical BRD. If presenting symptoms of BRD and if rectal temperature was ≥ 40°C, cattle were deemed morbid and treated with an antibiotic according to a standard preplanned protocol. For any cattle that were examined for BRD the remote sensor was again used for a minimum of 5 min to compare with manual recordings. Statistical analyses were performed using the CORR, MIXED, and MEANS procedures of SAS 9.4 with sex as a random effect and individual calf specified as the subject. There was a positive correlation between manual recordings of rectal temperatures and remote recordings from the head (0.67; P = 0.04) and the side (0.88; P = 0.0008). Remote recordings did not correlate (P ≥ 0.21) with manual recordings for heart rates. However, there was a positive correlation (0.79; P = 0.01) between manual respiratory rates and the side scans, but no relationship (P = 0.16) between manually collected respiratory rates with head scans. LSMeans for temperature data collected manually or by the remote sensor at either location did not differ (P ≥ 0.34). LSMeans for heart rate differed between manual and remote measurements from either location (P ≤ 0.0008). Manual measurements for respiratory rate did not differ (P = 0.26) from remote recordings from the side; however, differed (P < 0.0001) from recordings from the head. In conclusion, the VetGuardian remote sensor varied from manual recordings for heart rates, regardless of sensor location. Scan location had an influence on accuracy of respiratory rate recordings, and body temperature recordings from either location did not differ from manual measurements. Preliminary data should be used for further investigation of this remote sensor.

Machine learning for prediction of ventricular arrhythmia episodes from intracardiac electrograms of automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillators

BackgroundDespite effectiveness of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) in saving patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias (VAs), the temporal occurrence of VA after ICD implantation is unpredictable. ObjectiveThe study aimed to apply machine learning (ML) to intracardiac electrograms (IEGMs) recorded by ICDs as a unique biomarker for predicting impending VAs. MethodsThe study included 13,516 patients who received Biotronik ICDs and enrolled in the CERTITUDE registry between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2020. Database extraction included IEGMs from standard quarterly transmissions and VA event episodes. The processed IEGM data were pulled from device transmissions stored in a centralized Home Monitoring Service Center and reformatted into an analyzable format. Long-range (baseline or first scheduled remote recording), mid-range (scheduled remote recording every 90 days), or short-range predictions (IEGM within 5 seconds before the VA onset) were used to determine whether ML-processed IEGMs predicted impending VA events. Convolutional neural network classifiers using ResNet architecture were employed. ResultsOf 13,516 patients (male, 72%; age, 67.5 ± 11.9 years), 301,647 IEGM recordings were collected; 27,845 episodes of sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation were observed in 4467 patients (33.0%). Neural networks based on convolutional neural networks using ResNet-like architectures on far-field IEGMs yielded an area under the curve of 0.83 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.79–0.87 in the short term, whereas the long-range and mid-range analyses had minimal predictive value for VA events. ConclusionIn this study, applying ML to ICD-acquired IEGMs predicted impending ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation events seconds before they occurred, whereas midterm to long-term predictions were not successful. This could have important implications for future device therapies.

The Role of Telemedicine in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS): A Review of the Literature.

The advent of telemedicine marked a significant turning point in the healthcare landscape, introducing a revolutionary approach to the delivery of medical care. Digital technologies easily connect health professionals and patients, overcoming geographical and temporal barriers. Telemedicine has been used for sleep disorders including obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) since the mid-1990s. In adult patients with OSAS, telemedicine is helpful both for consultation and diagnosis, the latter obtained through remote recordings of oxygen saturation and further parameters registered with telemonitored respiratory polygraphy or polysomnography. Remote monitoring can be used to follow up the patient and verify adherence to daily treatments including continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). In children, studies on the role of telemedicine in OSAS are scarce. This narrative review aims to describe the application of telemedicine in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), assessing its advantages and disadvantages. In patients with OSA, telemedicine is applicable at every stage of patient management, from diagnosis to treatment monitoring also in pediatric and adolescent ages. While telemedicine offers convenience and accessibility in healthcare delivery, its application in managing OSAS could be associated with some disadvantages, including limitations in physical examination, access to diagnostic tools, and education and counseling; technology barriers; and privacy concerns. The adoption of a hybrid approach, integrating both in-office and virtual appointments, could effectively meet the needs of children with OSAS. However, more studies are needed to fully assess the effectiveness and safety of telemedicine in the pediatric population.

Online could dubbing:

The audiovisual industry has undergone a transformative shift with the rise of home recording and cloud dubbing, challenging traditional dubbing norms. This transformation is fuelled by technological advancements that make recording accessible and affordable worldwide. Moreover, this transition was further accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns. This article examines the impact of online audiovisual translation and voice localization agencies and provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of dubbing technology, from analogue to digital recording. It emphasises the irruption of online voice talents and the advantages of remote recording and cloud-based dubbing software, which facilitate collaboration regardless of location. In addition, this article showcases effective translations in audiovisual productions achieved through these cutting-edge technologies.

Examining recording quality from two methods of remote data collection in a study of vowel reduction

Remote recording quality of speech data varies significantly by recording devices, formats, and platforms, and past work has asserted that fine-grained sociolinguistic work should not be conducted remotely, while broad questions, such as analyses of the relative position of phonemes in the vowel space, may be amendable to remote data collection. In this study, lossless offline remote recordings taken via smartphone and lossy web-based recording performed over Gorilla are compared to traditional laboratory recordings in order to determine how accurately the remote options replicate a study of English vowel reduction. Four measures of reduction are examined: Relative duration, Euclidean distance, Pillai scores, and normalized formant values of stressed and unstressed vowels. Temporal analyses and Pillai scores were unaffected by recording method, while Euclidean distance and formant values exhibited some statistically significant changes but remained largely in line with laboratory data. These findings indicate that remote offline recording via smartphone or Gorilla may hold promise for studying vowel reduction and other phenomena requiring a similar degree of precision in formant analysis, but researchers should be aware of the specific distortions likely to be incurred with each method, with smartphone recordings having a stronger impact than Gorilla on low and back vowels.

Telemedicine in Primary Practice in the Age of the COVID-19 Pandemic-Review.

Background and Objectives: In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine, so far underestimated, has gained in value. Currently, telemedicine is not only a telephone or chat consultation, but also the possibility of the remote recording of signals (such as ECG, saturation, and heart rate) or even remote auscultation of the lungs. The objective of this review article is to present a potential role for, and disseminate knowledge of, telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: In order to analyze the research material in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of the ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and PubMed databases was conducted. Out of the total number of 363 papers identified, 22 original articles were subjected to analysis. Results: This article presents the possibilities of remote patient registration, which contributes to an improvement in remote diagnostics and diagnoses. Conclusions: Telemedicine is, although not always and not by everyone, an accepted form of providing medical services. It cannot replace direct patient-doctor contact, but it can undoubtedly contribute to accelerating diagnoses and improving their quality at a distance.

Remote Monitoring of the QT Interval During Polychemotherapy

Aim To evaluate the incidence of prolonged corrected QT interval (QTc) by remote single-channel electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring in primary oncological patients with elective polychemotherapy (PCT).Material and methods This study included 49 oncological patients with elective PCT. A single-channel portable CardioQVARK electrocardiograph was used to record single-channel, one-lead ECG between the first and second courses of PCT.Results Analysis of QTc interval detected a prolonged QTc interval >500 msec in 8.2 % of cases, prolonged QTc >480 msec in 18.3 % f cases, and prolonged QTc interval >60 msec compared to baseline in 12.2 % of cases.Conclusion Remote recording of single-channel ECG using a portable electrocardiograph is an effective method for recording and detecting various forms of heart rhythm disorders.

Brazilian Portuguese-Russian (BraPoRus) corpus: automatic transcription and acoustic quality of elderly speech during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract This article presents the Brazilian Portuguese-Russian (BraPoRus) corpus, whose goal is to collect, analyze, and preserve for posterity the spoken heritage Russian still used today in Brazil by approximately 1,500 elderly bilingual heritage Russian–Brazilian Portuguese speakers. Their unique 100-year-old variety of moribund Russian is disappearing because it has not been passed to their descendants born in Brazil. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we remotely collected 170 h of speech samples in heritage Russian from 26 participants (M age = 75.7 years) in naturalistic settings using Zoom or a phone call. To estimate the quality of collected data, we focus on two methodological challenges, automatic transcription and acoustic quality of remote recordings. First, we find that among commercially available transcription programs, Sonix far outperforms Google Transcribe and Vocalmatic on the measure of word error rate (WER). Second, we also establish that the acoustic quality of the remote recordings was adequate for intonational and speech rate analysis. Moreover, this remote method of collecting and analyzing speech samples works successfully with elderly bilingual participants who speak a heritage language different from their dominant societal language, and it can become a new norm when face-to-face communication with elderly participants is not possible.

Blue (Balaenoptera musculus) and fin (B. physalus) whale vocalisations measured from northern latitudes of the Atlantic Ocean

Vocalisations were recorded in the vicinity of sighted blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) and fin whales (B. physalus) in the North Atlantic between Iceland and Greenland in August 2004 from a hydrophone towed behind a research vessel and from free floating sonobuoys. The structures of recorded calls were broadly similar to those reported from other areas, but lacked the stereotypical patterning of those signals thought to represent reproductive displays. Counts of non-patterned blue whale calls indicated low vocalisation rates, with a mean of 0.62 phrases per whale per hour (0.12 A-B and 0.49 arch phrases per whale per hour). However, vocalisations were highly clustered in time, with 80% of blue whale calls ascribed to the focal animals arriving within a single 80 second period. It is not clear what behavioural, geographical or seasonal trends may influence the vocalisation rate of large baleen whales, and thus direct comparisons between areas are difficult. However, it is hoped the results presented will be of use in interpreting remote recordings of blue whales made from the North Atlantic. Hydrophones were also monitored continuously over 7,757km of trackline using an automated detection algorithm developed for North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis). However, no North Atlantic right whales were seen or heard during the study period.

Bringing behavioral observation of couples into the 21st century.

Recent technological advances have made the remote recording of interactions and the automatic extraction of nonverbal, paraverbal, and verbal behavioral cues from the videos possible. The development of computer programs that can replace human observational coders is imminent. The increasing availability of such new technologies, accompanied by their lower costs and greater convenience, is likely to advance behavioral observation research, giving new insight into the fine-grained moment-to-moment interactional processes. We illustrate how couple researchers can use recent technological advances to bring behavioral observation research into the 21st century. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Skin‐Like Transparent Sensor Sheet for Remote Healthcare Using Electroencephalography and Photoplethysmography (Adv. Mater. Technol. 11/2022)

Biocompatible Materials In article number 2200362, Teppei Araki, Tsuyoshi Sekitani, and co-workers develop a skin-like transparent sensor sheet that represents the ultimate imperceptible probe in terms of wearability and invisibility based on network control of nano- and micro materials. Integrated sensor system for the remote recording of biosignals using electricity and light offers the possibility of stress-free home healthcare applications in the future digital transformation society.

Estimation of respiratory rate and exhale duration using audio signals recorded by smartphone microphones

Monitoring respiration using mobile technology has potential to contribute to the clinical management of patients with infectious diseases or chronic respiratory conditions in the home. In this study, a new method to estimate respiratory rate and exhale duration from audio data recorded using smartphone microphones was developed. The method first determines the fundamental frequency of the audio signal, which guides an adaptive thresholding method to detect individual exhales. Exhale boundary times were refined using adaptive physiological thresholds. To control for environmental noise in remote audio recordings, a method to classify audio signals as acceptable or unacceptable for accurate respiration monitoring was developed. Estimated respiratory rates and audio exhale durations were validated against respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) in 27 healthy participants. A further 217 audio recordings were collected remotely by 210 healthy and COVID-19 participants, with results compared with researcher annotations. Compared to RIP in the laboratory, respiratory rate was estimated with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.2 ± 0.27 bpm, and within 1 bpm for 96 % of recordings (r = 0.99). Compared to researcher annotations for remote recordings, respiratory rate was estimated with a MAE of 0.79 ± 2.44 bpm, and within 1 bpm for 87.5 % of recordings (r = 0.92), while audio exhale duration was estimated with a MAE of 0.21 ± 0.23 s. Audio signal quality was classified with an area under the receiver operating characteristic of 0.81 ±. This method offers the potential for accurate remote monitoring of respiratory rate and breathing patterns in individuals with COVID-19 and other chronic respiratory conditions.

Suitability of online and offline remote recording for vowel reduction analysis

Increasing demand for remote research techniques has led to several initial investigations of the suitability of remote recording for vowel production research. An initial consensus has emerged that remote recording may provide broadly accurate data for broad-strokes analysis, such as analyzing the relative positions of a speaker’s vowels, although some minor distortions may occur; fine-grained analysis of sociolinguistic variation suffers greatly from remote data collection (Freeman and De Decker, 2021). This study investigates the quality of data obtainable through two remote recording methods (online recording through Gorilla and offline recording via smartphone) for a vocalic phenomenon requiring a medium level of sensitivity of analysis, namely vowel reduction. Ten subjects completed a shadowing task eliciting target words containing one of five English vowels in reduced or unreduced form, taking simultaneous online and offline remote recordings. To determine whether the variability introduced through the remote recording process was sufficient to alter the findings of the study, results were compared to data from a second group of subjects who completed the task in person in a traditional laboratory setting. This comparison to in-person data allows for an assessment of the suitability of online and offline remote recordings for vowel reduction research.

Implementation of a Human Activity Monitoring System through IoT Sensor and Blynk Cloud Platform

Human activity monitoring system plays a major role in the application of surveillance. It can be analyzed through cameras, sensors, and microphone. The traditional approach requires a human intervention for validating the human movement recorded by a surveillance camera and microphone. Therefore, the sensor based approaches are developed to make an alert signal through a buzzer or light, irrespective of the threshold value given to its output. But such sensor based technique also requires a human attention in the monitoring room. The motive of the proposed concept is to address such limitations by connecting the sensors with an Internet of Things (IoT) network and cloud platform for remote recording and monitoring purposes. The proposed work utilizes the Blynk IoT application and cloud server for the analytics.

Technology-assisted viva voce exams: A novel approach aimed at addressing student anxiety and assessor burden in oral assessment

Background and purposeViva voce (VIVA) exams are resource intensive, can be prone to inter-rater reliability issues, and induce anxiety in many students. Costs, reliability, validity, and student welfare have been targeted for VIVA re-design. The objective of this study is to design and assess if a less labour-intensive approach to VIVA exams is acceptable to students, reducing student anxiety, whilst maintaining authenticity of the assessment. Educational activity and settingThe School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences (Griffith University) delivers undergraduate and postgraduate pharmacy degrees, which contain multiple VIVAs. We have designed and implemented a modified VIVA called the technology-assisted VIVA exam (TaVIVA) utilising remote recording, retrospective marking, and pre-recorded multimedia delivered questions to test student acceptability, impact on student anxiety, and inform potential delivery as a summative assessment. FindingsStudent responses were overwhelmingly positive, reporting satisfaction with the TaVIVA. There was strong agreement that the school should continue to develop the TaVIVA. Students perceived that it was fairer than traditional VIVAs and less anxiety inducing. However, students indicated that the traditional VIVA was more authentic and that they eventually need to conduct a VIVA in the presence of an assessor. SummaryThe TaVIVA is an innovative assessment approach with potential benefits over the traditional VIVA, including facilitation of assessment consistency and reductions in student anxiety. We postulate that the TaVIVA is a useful and valid means of scaffolding student performance in VIVA assessment.

The Behavioural Impact on Cats during a Transition from a Clay-Based Litter to a Plant-Based Litter.

Simple SummaryEnvironmental changes in the home, specifically around litter box management, can be stressful for cats, and resulting behavioural changes, such as house soiling, are one of the leading causes of owner frustration. Current guidelines recommend a 6-day litter transition; however, these recommendations are based largely on anecdotal reports. Our objectives were therefore to determine whether any behavioural changes occurred during a litter transition from clay-based to plant-based litter when following current transition guidelines and to identify behaviours that might signify a successful transition. Results presented in this study suggest that transitioning an adult cat from one litter product to another over 6 days is sufficient for maintaining normal litter box behaviours, but exposure to the new litter prior to replacement of the old litter should be recognized as a potential transition aid and warrants further investigation. Cats generally demonstrated increased interest and exhibited investigative behaviour (e.g., sniffing) towards the new litter during transition without showing behaviours that would indicate fear or aversion to the new litter product. The authors do want to recognize, though, that individual cat behaviour and potential stressors in the home environment must be taken into account when considering how to approach a litter substrate change.Current guidelines recommend transitioning cats from one litter product to another over 6 days to minimize stress. The study objective was therefore to test these guidelines using 16 adult domestic cats (2 cohorts of 8) by observing behavioural changes associated with elimination throughout the litter transition. Cats were transitioned from a clay-based litter (CLAY) to a plant-based litter product (PLANT) over 6 days (period 1) via an incremental replacement of CLAY with PLANT. All cats then remained on PLANT for 8 days (period 2). This same transition process was executed for both cohorts, and litter box behaviours were observed via remote recording. Urination, defecation, cover, and dig behaviours were not different between periods 1 and 2 (p > 0.05). Sniffing frequency was greater in period 2 than period 1 (p < 0.05); however, during the litter transition (period 1), cats sniffed the litter boxes being transitioned from CLAY to PLANT more often and for longer than they did for the boxes consisting of only PLANT (p < 0.05). These data suggest that 6 days may be an adequate amount of time to transition a cat to a new litter, although successful transition may also be specific to the types of litters investigated.

Investigating the acoustic fidelity of remote recording methods

Our study tests the acoustic fidelity of remote recordings, using a large variety of stimuli and recording environments. With standard recording environments not available due to COVID-19, more studies investigate remote recordings for acoustic analyses [e.g., Guan and Li (2021); Freeman and De Decker (2021)]. High fidelity remote recordings also support crucial uses like reaching isolated populations and more speakers. A 188-word list was constructed from each English consonant followed by each vowel. Words recorded by a male and female speaker in a sound attenuated booth were input for test recordings. Stimuli were recorded on six devices across five operating systems, four tele-conferencing platforms, and three browsers, using internal and external microphones. Acoustic analysis investigates the impact of these recording configurations on features including pitch, relative intensity, vowel formant measures, spectral moments, spectral tilt, spectral rolloff, and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients. Preliminary analyses found durational differences between original and test-recorded stimuli, posing challenges for automatic segmentation and alignment. Aperiodic noise was also introduced. We hypothesize further distortions in other measures. The findings from this study will allow us to identify acoustic measures which are robust across varied remote recording conditions and to highlight configurations least likely to introduce problematic artifacts.

Image processing procedure for remote recording of the Gambusia sp. introduced into a water for anti-malaria

The object of research is the procedure for processing digital images for remote registration of Gambusia sp., introduced into water bodies to combat malaria, which threatens not only the African region, but also other latitudes of the world. One of the most problematic areas of research is the elimination of the masking effect of a biological object under conditions of interference (for example, water turbidity) that make it difficult to recognize Gambusia sp. on digital images taken from aboard light drones. In the course of the study, approaches were used that allow dividing a digital image into segments and sub-segments, followed by determining the ratio of the colorimetric parameters of the RGB model of the bottom section. Dispersion and correlation analysis of mean values and mean square deviation values of the RGB model parameters were used. The standard deviation was considered as the degree of diversity of colorimetric parameters in the color of a biological object. The proposed procedure made it possible to reveal a moderate negative correlation between the predominance of green and yellow-orange-red phytopigments in the dynamics of the Margalef model of phytocenosis succession in the places of introduction and habitation of Gambusia sp. This is due to the fact that the shielding of phytocenosis areas by Gambusia sp. is reflected in the nature of the relationship of the colorimetric parameters of the RGB model of the bottom area, namely, they affect the correlation between the average values of the parameters G/(R+G+B) and R/G or between the mean value and the standard deviation of the parameter G/(R+G+B). This makes it possible to use Gambusia sp. in regions affected by malaria, a wide range of light drones with remote photofixation of relatively low quality. The implementation of these possibilities will require much less material costs and a small number of personnel than underwater video filming and other known methods for studying the ichthyofauna of small water bodies in conditions of interference. It is about the registration of the results of the introduction of Gambusia sp. in such water bodies to fight malaria.

「超逆境クイズバトル!! 99人の壁」リモート収録システムの開発

100人で行う早押しクイズ対決に参加者がリモートで参加できるシステムを開発．コロナ禍により不可能になった100以上集めてのスタジオ収録の代わりとなる収録形態を実現，番組を存続させることに成功した．自宅にいながらテレビ番組の収録に参加できるという子供のころに「未来のテレビ」と夢描いていた双方向の新しい番組を実現した．

Regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), antioxidant, mediated with autophagy in trophoblasts

Acute myocardial ischemia has several characteristic ECG findings, including clinically detectable ST-segment deviations. However, the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis based on ST-segment changes are low. Furthermore, ST-segment deviations have been shown to be transient and spontaneously recover without any indication the ischemic event has subsided.Assess the transient recovery of ST-segment deviations on remote recording electrodes during a partial occlusion cardiac stress test and compare them to intramyocardial ST-segment deviations.We used a previously validated porcine experimental model of acute myocardial ischemia with controllable ischemic load and simultaneous electrical measurements within the heart wall, on the epicardial surface, and on the torso surface. Simulated cardiac stress tests were induced by occluding a coronary artery while simultaneously pacing rapidly or infusing dobutamine to stimulate cardiac function. Postexperimental imaging created anatomical models for data visualization and quantification. Markers of ischemia were identified as deviations in the potentials measured at 40% of the ST-segment. Intramural cardiac conduction speed was also determined using the inverse gradient method. We assessed changes in intramyocardial ischemic volume proportion, conduction speed, clinical presence of ischemia on remote recording arrays, and regional changes to intramyocardial ischemia. We defined the peak deviation response time as the time interval after onset of ischemia at which maximum ST-segment deviation was achieved, and ST-recovery time was the interval when ST deviation returned to below thresholded of ST elevation.In both epicardial and torso recordings, the peak ST-segment deviation response time was 4.9±1.1 min and the ST-recovery time was approximately 7.9±2.5 min, both well before the termination of the ischemic stress. At peak response time, conduction speed was reduced by 50% and returned to near baseline at ST-recovery. The overall ischemic volume proportion initially increased, on average, to 37% at peak response time; however, it recovered to only 30% at the ST-recovery time. By contrast, the subepicardial region of the myocardial wall showed 40% ischemic volume at peak response time and recovered much more strongly to 25% as epicardial ST-segment deviations returned to baseline.Our data show that remote ischemic signal recovery correlates with a recovery of the subepicardial myocardium, whereas subendocardial ischemic development persists.