During the first programming period of the Common agricultural policy (CAP), a vast majority of policy tools (belonging to first and second pillar of the CAP, Natura 2000) were not implemented in Romania, because of the difficulties to implement them. This paper discusses the pro and contra arguments for the extending the single payment scheme in the new CAP (2014-2020), and especially for the small farms. We investigate the functioning of a rural community located in a remote mountainous area, and discuss whether the current farming system, based on very small farms, produce not only agricultural goods, but at same time many positive externalities like extreme rich biodiversity and social stability. Indeed, if the traditional, extensive but very small scale farming systems would decline in the future, current highly performing environmental services would decline in parallel. At the same time, social inclusion will decline as well, as there is currently no alternative for the family farms to find sufficient sources of incomes neither in Romania nor in Europe. Therefore, the single payment scheme may have positive impacts not only for the security of incomes of the farms, but as well for the social welfare of the rural communities and for the preservation of highvalue biodiversity in this area.