Remote Measurement System Research Articles

A portable single-sided magnet system for remote NMR measurements of pulmonary function.

In this work, we report initial results from a light-weight, low field magnetic resonance device designed to make relative pulmonary density measurements at the bedside. The development of this device necessarily involves special considerations for the magnet, RF and data acquisition schemes as well as a careful analysis of what is needed to provide useful information in the ICU. A homogeneous field region is created remotely from the surface of the magnet such that when the magnet is placed against the chest, an NMR signal is measured from a small volume in the lung. In order to achieve portability, one must trade off field strength and therefore spatial resolution. We report initial measurements from a ping-pong ball size region in the lung as a function of lung volume. As expected, we measured decreased signal at larger lung volumes since lung density decreases with increasing lung volume. Using a CPMG sequence with ΔTE=3.5 ms and a 20 echo train, a signal to noise ratio ~1100 was obtained from an 8.8mT planar magnet after signal averaging for 43 s. This is the first demonstration of NMR measurements made on a human lung with a light-weight planar NMR device. We argue that very low spatial resolution measurements of different lobar lung regions will provide useful diagnostic information for clinicians treating Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome as clinicians want to avoid ventilator pressures that cause either lung over distension (too much pressure) or lung collapse (too little pressure).

Duplex self-mixing interference based on ultra-narrow linewidth fiber ring laser

A novel duplex self-mixing interference based on ultra-narrow linewidth fiber ring laser is investigated. Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) is applied to add-drop the dual-channel vibration signal into the fiber laser. Meanwhile, the output power with optical feedback is theoretically deduced which can not only be interpreted by the well known expression of self-mixing interference but the combination of self-mixing interference and mode competition. Experimental results show that different movements of each channel detected from the dual-channel fiber laser self-mixing interference system are in good agreement with theoretical analysis. Furthermore, a novel system measuring 2-dimensional vibration is introduced in this paper and its potential application to self-mixing interference measurement system for high sensitivity, remote and multi-dimensional measurement is shown.

GSM based Automatic Irrigation Control System for Efficient Use of Resources and Crop Planning by Using an Android Mobile

The greenhouse based modern agriculture industries are the recent requirement in every part of agriculture in India. In this technology, the humidity and temperature of plants are precisely controlled. Due to the variable atmospheric circumstances these conditions sometimes may vary from place to place in large farmhouse, which makes very difficult to maintain the uniformity at all the places in the farmhouse manually. It is observed that for the first time an android phone-control the Irrigation system, which could give the facilities of maintaining uniform environmental conditions are proposed. The Android Software Development Kit provides the tools and Application Programmable Interface necessary to begin developing applications on the Android platform using the Java programming language. Mobile phones have almost become an integral part of human life serving multiple needs of humans. This application makes use of the GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) feature of mobile phone as a solution for irrigation control system. GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) is used to inform the user about the exact field condition. The information is passed onto the user request in the form of SMS. Drip irrigation is artificial method of supplying water to the roots of the plant. It is also called micro irrigation. In past few years there is a rapid growth in this system. The user communicates with the centralized unit through SMS. The centralized unit communicates with the system through SMS which will be received by the GSM with the help of the SIM card. The GSM sends this data to ARM7which is also continuously receives the data from sensors in some form of codes. After processing, this data is displayed on the LCD. Thus in short whenever the system receives the activation command from the subscriber it checks all the field conditions and gives a detailed feedback to the user and waits for another activation command to start the motor. The motor is controlled by a simple manipulation in the internal structure of the starter. The starter coil is indirectly activated by means of a transistorized relay circuit. When the motor is started, a constant monitoring on soil moisture and water level is done & once the soil moisture is reached to sufficient level the motor is automatically turned off & a massage is send to subscriber that the motor is turned off. The water level indicator indicates three levels low, medium, high and also empty tank. Shen etc. al (2007) introduced a GSM-SMS remote measurement and control system for greenhouse based on PC-based database system connected with base station. Base station is developed by using a microcontroller, GSM module, sensors and actuators. In practical operation, the central station receives and sends messages through GSM module. Criterion value of parameters to be measured in every base station is set by central station, and then in base stations parameters including the air temperature, the air humidity. Indu etc. al (2013) mainly focuses on reviews in the field of remote monitoring and control, the technology used and their potential advantages. The paper proposes an innovative GSM/Bluetooth based remote controlled embedded system for irrigation. The system sets the irrigation time depending on the temperature and humidity reading from sensors and type of crop and can automatically irrigate the field when unattended. Information is exchanged between far end and designed system via SMS on GSM network. A Bluetooth module is also interfaced with the main microcontroller chip which eliminates the SMS charges when the user is within the limited range of few meters to the designated system. The system informs users about many conditions like status of electricity, dry running motor, increased temperature, water content in soil and smoke via SMS on GSM network or by Bluetooth. The GSM based irrigation system (Fig.1) may offer users the flexibility to regulate and control the operations of their irrigation systems with little intervention to reduce runoff from over watering for improvement in crop yield. This enables users to take advantage of the globally deployed GSM networks with its low SMS service cost to use mobile phones and simple SMS commands to manage their irrigation system. It will be possible for users to use SMS to monitor directly the conditions of their farmland, schedule the water

A Fresnel reflection-based optical fiber sensor system for remote refractive index measurement using an OTDR

In this paper, we propose a Fresnel reflection-based optical fiber sensor system for remote refractive index measurement using the optical time domain reflectometry technique as an interrogation method. The surrounding refractive index from a long distance away can be measured easily by using this sensor system, which operates based on testing the Fresnel reflection intensity from the fiber-sample interface. This system is a simple configuration, which is easy to handle. Experimental results showed that the range of this measurement could reach about 100.8 km, and the refractive index sensitivities were from 38.71 dB/RIU to 304.89 dB/RIU in the refractive index (RI) range from 1.3486 to 1.4525.

A Remote Measurement and Control System Architecture Based on Embedded B/S Structure Using AJAX-CGI

With the development of Internet technology and embedded technology, the network measurement system is becoming a new trend of measuring technology. This paper described a remote measurement system in Browser/Server (B/S) structure and the embedded design, hardware structure and software. The measurement experiment is already set up and some parameters tested is given. In this remote measurement and control system, LM3S8962, the microprocessor is used, and RL-ARM is used as the operating system, and CGI and AJAX technologies is also introduced to enhance performance.

Design and Implementation of Remote Measurement and Control System Based on ARM with RL-RTX

With the development of Internet technology and embedded technology, the network measurement system is becoming a new trend of measuring technology. This paper described a remote measurement system in Browser/Server (B/S) structure and the embedded design, hardware structure and software. The measurement experiment is already set up and some parameters tested is given. In this remote measurement and control system, LM3S8962, the microprocessor is used, and RL-ARM is used as the operating system, and CGI and AJAX technologies is also introduced to enhance performance.

Mobile health (mHealth) based medication adherence measurement – a pilot trial using electronic blisters in diabetes patients

The aim of the present study was to evaluate a mobile health (mHealth) based remote medication adherence measurement system (mAMS) in elderly patients with increased cardiovascular risk treated for diabetes, high cholesterol and hypertension. Cardiovascular risk was defined as the presence of at least two out of the three risk factors: type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia and hypertension. For treatment of diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia and hypertension, four predefined routinely used drugs were selected. Drug adherence was investigated in a controlled randomized doctor blinded study with crossover design. The mAMS was used to measure and improve objectively the adherence by means of closed-loop interactions. The mean age of the 53 patients (30 female) was 69.4 ± 4.8 years. A total of 1654 electronic blisters were handed out. A statistically significant difference (P = 0.04) between the monitoring and the control phase was observed for the diabetes medication only. In a post-study questionnaire twenty-nine patients appreciated that their physician knew if and when they had taken their medications and 13 asked for more or automated communication with their physicians. Only one subject withdrew from the study because of technical complexity. The results indicate that mHealth based adherence management is feasible and well accepted by patients with increased cardiovascular risk. It may help to increase adherence, even in patients with high baseline adherence and, subsequently, lead to improved control of indicators including blood pressure and cholesterol concentrations. Electronic blisters can be used in a multi-medication regimen but need to be carefully designed for day-to-day application.

The Hydraulic Stability of Heating Network with Remote Measurement and Control System

In order to eliminate hydraulic imbalance phenomenon of the heating network, this article briefly introduces the operation principle of the system. The remote control system uses computer information and communication technology to monitor the network flow, through the pressure curve to estimate the hydraulic condition. According to the analysis of pipe resistance properties and the hydraulic balance calculation, the system will change the valve opening intelligently, to make the heating network running in a hydraulic balance condition. The vortex flow meter and flow control valve can be used to adjust the water flow of primary and secondary network, such measure will ensure the hydraulic stability of heating system, save the thermal energy consumption.

The Design Proposal Aerospace Electronic Test Equipment Based on Multi-Interface Data Communication

In the background of requirement which apply in aerospace remote measurement electronic equipment, a new requirement for the universal degree to the remote measurement system is proposed. This paper design communicating solutions of the multi-interface device, hardware circuit,FPGA as the core logic controller, coordinating RS-422 interface chip, Ethernet controller W5300,USB-FIFO,FT245 interface chip and other functional modules. The communication equipment has a variety of interfaces; achieve the reliability of transmission of high data rate. This has been applied for engineering practice and improves the efficiency of the design of the remote measurement equipment and maintenance.

Design of Measurement System Based on Signal Reconstruction for Analysis and Protection of Distributed Generations

Maintenance of power quality is an important issue in the interconnection and protection between distributed generations and a power system. With the development of measuring techniques and digital signal processors, multifunction monitoring devices are introduced. However, the installation of numerous terminal units usually would increase the cost for the wide-area measurement. In order to promote the deployment of distributed measurement, low-cost acquisition units with low operational burden are applied in this paper. By combining the proposed reconstruction technique for power signals, a simple remote power-quality measurement system is developed.

Theory of lidar method for measurement of the modulation transfer function of water layers

We develop a method to evaluate the modulation transfer function (MTF) of a water layer from the characteristics of lidar signal backscattered by water volume. We propose several designs of a lidar system for remote measurement of the MTF and the procedure to determine optical properties of water using the measured MTF. We discuss a laser system for sea-bottom imaging that accounts for the influence of water slab on the image structure and allows for correction of image distortions caused by light scattering in water.

Design of Data Acquisition and Storage System for Digital and Analog Signal Based on FPGA

This paper mainly introduces a FPGA-based data acquisition system which is designed to acquire multi-channel analog signal and one channel digital signal. Analog data and digital data are stored into a FLASH memory in a mixed frame format. When the acquisition finished, the data in the FLASH was read out via the LVDS communication interface to a data-read device, and the host computer receives the data through the USB bus, so the subsequent data processing and analysis can be accomplished and the information we needed can be got. The design is applied successfully to a remote measurement system, and the data acquired is reliable and precise.

Improved phase generated carrier demodulation algorithm for eliminating light intensity disturbance and phase modulation amplitude variation

In this paper we propose a novel, improved, phase generated carrier (PGC) demodulation algorithm based on the PGC-differential-cross-multiplying approach (PGC-DCM). The influence of phase modulation amplitude variation and light intensity disturbance (LID) on traditional PGC demodulation algorithms is analyzed theoretically and experimentally. An experimental system for remote no-contact microvibration measurement is set up to confirm the stability of the improved PGC algorithm with LID. In the experiment, when the LID with a frequency of 50 Hz and the depth of 0.3 is applied, the signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SINAD) of the improved PGC algorithm is 19 dB, higher than the SINAD of the PGC-DCM algorithm, which is 8.7 dB.

Design of Remote Measurement and Control System of Seawater Cages Breeding Site

For the measurement and control of seawater cages breeding site, network communication scheme of the remote measurement and control was firstly designed, and the hardware realization of the system was discussed. The system development environment was built, including the Boa transplantation, Sqlite3 transplantation, and wireless network card transplantation, etc. Finally the system software was designed, including the data acquisition, data storage and web page display, etc. The test results show that the system can achieve remote real-time measurement and control requirements.

Self-mixing interference measurement system of a fiber ring laser with ultra-narrow linewidth

A novel device for self-mixing interference measurement based on the fiber ring laser with ultra-narrow linewidth was investigated for the first time. In order to achieve requirement of our measurement system, a saturable-absorber which consists of a segment un-pumped erbium-doped fiber and a fiber Bragg grating is employed to provide a fine mode selection and guarantee the ultra-narrow linewidth operation. Results demonstrate that the signal-to-noise ratio of the self-mixing interference signal could be enhanced from 18.01 dB to 38.35 dB by inserting a saturable-absorber in the laser cavity. It is in good agreement with the theoretical analysis and proved potential using in self-mixing interference measurement system for high sensitivity and remote measurement.

Development of Public Lighting Remote Monitoring System Controller

To realize the efficient and stable real-time monitoring and intelligent management of the urban public lighting, the remote monitoring system is developed. The system is composed of monitoring center and monitoring terminals, and realizes network connection via the advanced remote wireless communication technology GPRS. It uses TI Company’s MSP430 processor chip as the monitoring terminal controller, which integrates automatic control, data acquisition, communication and other technologies and has such functions as monitoring, remote control, anti-electricity theft, remote meter reading and communication. It’s proved by practice that the designed controller features reliable running, sound real-time performance and low cost, and has a broad and bright application prospect. The monitoring and management of public lighting is a typical sector and important part of the civil work. Due to the continuous development of urban construction and ever-enlarging lighting coverage, the traditional lighting management methods can not realize centralized monitoring, have poor real-time performance and cost lots of human and material resources; thus, can not satisfy the requirements of energy saving and efficiency improvement[1]. GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), the wireless packet exchange technology based on the second generation mobile communication system GSM, is very suitable for transmitting non-continuous, unexpected and small sets of street lamp monitoring data. Also, quick & easy log-on, real-time online, high-speed transmission, sound economical efficiency and many other advantages make GPRS become the first choice for remote measurement and control system[2]. Therefore, the development of GPRS-based public lighting remote monitoring system becomes a necessity. The designed monitoring system in this article is a typical distributed monitoring and data acquisition system integrating computer technologies, modern communication technologies and automatic control technologies. It conducts centralized monitoring and control on the cabinet transformer substations, transformer cabinets, control cabinets and other slave monitoring systems of the public lighting such as street lamps and landscape lamps of the city, to realize the real-time, remote monitoring and intelligent management of public lighting and ensure the efficient, all-weather running and on-demand, energy-saving lighting.

Evaluation of vessel emissions in a lagoon area with ground based Multi axis DOAS measurements

Abstract The environmental impact of large vessel exhaust gases on port and coastal areas is a subject of great interest due both to increasing maritime traffic and the vicinity to highly populated urban zones. In lagoon cities the pollution from maritime traffic is greater than in other coastal areas. Therefore monitoring and evaluation of pollutants produced by ships navigating through the principal transport channels become necessary. In the case of Venice, the Giudecca Channel, crossing the city centre, is used both by urban maritime traffic and by large vessels docking in the port. In this work, the FRE–DOAS (Flow Rate Emission with Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) methodology developed to evaluate gaseous pollutant flow rates from moving sources is presented. This methodology is applied to a set of spectral measurements performed with a Multi axis DOAS remote sensing system, allowing a determination of vessel emissions and evaluation of their impact on pollution in Venice. Two one-month measurement campaigns were carried out: from June 12 2007 to July 12 2007 and from September 12 2007 to October 12 2007. The individual flow rates released by large and medium-sized vessels and the total flow rate emissions due to the total traffic along the Giudecca Channel for every day with appropriate meteo conditions during the campaigns are estimated. The average daily mass of gas emitted by large and medium-sized ships during their passage through the Channel was evaluated as about 205 kg for SO2 and 284 kg for NO2. These values make up only about 30% of total daily traffic emission. These results are extremely interesting, because they demonstrate inequivocably the effectiveness of the proposed system for remote measurements, opening a new frontier in maritime traffic emission control in harbour areas or in those coastal zones subject to heavy maritime traffic. Moreover, the low values obtained for some large modern cruise ships indicate the use of Low Sulphur Fuels, even though these are not yet required by local regulations.

Remote Measurement of Magnetic Field Distribution in the Solenoid

This paper presented an innovative approach to implement physics experiment by remote measurement system. In the experiment of magnetic field distribution in the solenoid, a two channel programmable current source was adopted, one channel of the programmable current source was used to incentive the solenoid to produce magnetic field and the other was used for the Hall probe to generate Hall voltage. The Hall probe was controlled by a step motor to different positions of the solenoid. The Hall voltage and the position curve were obtained by the measurement system showed the magnetic field distribution of the solenoid. The entire experiment was done via the internet to realize the remote experiment.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN IMPROVED INSTALLATION PROCEDURE AND SCHEDULE OF RVI MODULARIZATION FOR APR1400

The construction technology for reactor vessel internals (RVI) modularization is one of the most important factors to be considered in reducing the construction period of nuclear power plants. For RVI modularization, gaps between the reactor vessel (RV) core-stabilizing lug and the core support barrel (CSB) snubber lug must be measured using a remote method from outside the RV. In order to measure RVI gaps remotely at nuclear power plant construction sites, certain core technologies must be developed and verified. These include a remote measurement system to measure the gaps between the RV core-stabilizing lug and the CSB snubber lug, an RVI mockup to perform the gap measurement tests, and a new procedure and schedule for RVI installation. A remote measurement system was developed previously, and a gap measurement test was completed successfully using the RVI mockup. We also developed a new procedure and schedule for RVI installation. This paper presents the new and improved installation procedure and schedule for RVI modularization. These are expected to become core technologies that will allow us to shorten the construction period by a minimum of two months compared to the existing installation procedure and schedule.

A Remote Experiment Platform for Robotic Control and Simulation

This paper presents a scheme to develop a remote experiment platform for robot. The structure based on Internet and Browser/Server is adopted and discussed. The software of the platform is divided into simulation system, control system, multimedia acquiring system and transaction management system. Finally, the key technique and components are discussed, and CGI application and MATLAB software are recommended. The scheme can also be used in other remote control or measurement system.