Remote Function Research Articles

\u03b3-Selective C(sp3)\u2013H amination via controlled migratory hydroamination

Remote functionalization of alkenes via chain walking has generally been limited to C(sp3)–H bonds α and β to polar-functional units, while γ-C(sp3)–H functionalization through controlled alkene transposition is a longstanding challenge. Herein, we describe NiH-catalyzed migratory formal hydroamination of alkenyl amides achieved via chelation-assisted control, whereby various amino groups are installed at the γ-position of aliphatic chains. By tuning olefin isomerization and migratory hydroamination through ligand and directing group optimization, γ-selective amination can be achieved via stabilization of a 6-membered nickellacycle by an 8-aminoquinoline directing group and subsequent interception by an aminating reagent. A range of amines can be installed at the γ-C(sp3)–H bond of unactivated alkenes with varying alkyl chain lengths, enabling late-stage access to value-added γ-aminated products. Moreover, by employing picolinamide-coupled alkene substrates, this approach is further extended to δ-selective amination. The chain-walking mechanism and pathway selectivity are investigated by experimental and computational methods.

Home Management of the Device Detected Atrial Fibrillation during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Report

BACKGROUND: Patients with heart failure (HF) and implanted heart devices constitute a vulnerable category during the coronavirus disease –2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The remote monitoring function allows the physician to detect atrial fibrillation (AF) in these patients and to prevent thromboembolic complications by prescribing anticoagulants. Under quarantine conditions, such patients can receive fully remote consultation and treatment, which will protect them from the risk of infection, and also reduce the burden on medical institutions. CASE REPORT: A 56-year-old man presented to the clinic with shortness of breath when climbing the second floor, moderate non-specific fatigue, general weakness, and a decrease in exercise tolerance. The patient received standard treatment for HF for at least 3 months (ACEI, beta blockers, MR antagonists, and loop diuretics) in individually selected adequate doses. ECG on admission showed a QRS of 150 ms, left bundle branch block (LBBB). Echo showed dilatation of all heart chambers, diffuse hypokinesis of the walls with akinesis of the apical, middle anterior LV segments, as well as hypokinesis of the basal, middle apical, and anterior septal segment of the LV. The ejection fraction was reduced to 35%. RV function is reduced. After a detailed discussion with the team, it was decided to do implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator with resynchronization function, equipped with remote monitoring (Biotronik, and Home monitoring). Date of implantation is June 19, 2014. Due to the fact that the patient was connected to the remote monitoring system, May 5, 2020, he was diagnosed with asymptomatic AF. The episode lasted 1 min 22 s. On the following days of monitoring, episodes of AF were also recorded. The duration of the episodes ranged from a few seconds to 12 h/day. The patient received a doctor’s consultation through phone call, his risk of stroke was four when assessed using the CHA2DS2VASc scale. In treatment, it was recommended to add antiarrhythmic drugs (amiodarone 600 mg a day) and oral anticoagulants (rivaroxaban 20 mg × 1 time/day). Later, periodic IEGM showed absence of AF. CONCLUSION: In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, health-care providers should rethink their approach to managing patients with implanted heart devices. Modern cardiovascular implantable electronic devices allow the physician to monitor the status of patients and immediately respond to situations requiring a change in treatment. Consultations can be carried out completely online.

Remote Functionalization of 4‐(Alk‐1‐en‐1‐yl)‐3‐Cyanocoumarins via the Asymmetric Organocatalytic 1,6‐Addition

AbstractAn organocatalytic 1,6‐addition using 4‐(alk‐1‐en‐1‐yl)‐3‐cyanocoumarins as acceptors has been developed. Dienolates derived from 5‐substituted‐furan‐2(3H)‐ones have been employed as pronucleophiles, therefore, enabling the synthesis of hybrid molecules bearing two biologically relevant units. Appropriate design of substrates and the application of quinine‐derived catalyst resulted in very good site‐selectivity as well as chemical and stereochemical efficiency of the process.magnified image

Directing Coupled Motion with Light: A Key Step Toward Machine-Like Function.

Molecular photoactuators can control shape and chemical or physical properties of the responsive system they are embedded in. These effects are usually mediated by supramolecular interactions and can be amplified to perform work at the micro- and macroscopic scale, for instance, in materials and biomimetic systems. While many studies focus on the observable outcome of these events, photoresponsive structures can also translate their conformational change to molecular components and perform work against random Brownian motion. Stereochemical cascades can amplify light-generated motion to a distant moiety of the same molecule or molecular assembly, via conformationally restricted stereogenic elements. Being able to control the conformation or motion of molecular systems remotely provides prospects for the design of the smallest machines imaginable. This Focus Review emphasizes the emergence of directed, coupled motion of remote functionalities triggered by light-powered switches and motors as a tool to control molecular topology and function.

The gut microbiota instructs the hepatic endothelial cell transcriptome

SummaryThe gut microbiota affects remote organ functions but its impact on organotypic endothelial cell (EC) transcriptomes remains unexplored. The liver endothelium encounters microbiota-derived signals and metabolites via the portal circulation. To pinpoint how gut commensals affect the hepatic sinusoidal endothelium, a magnetic cell sorting protocol, combined with fluorescence-activated cell sorting, was used to isolate hepatic sinusoidal ECs from germ-free (GF) and conventionally raised (CONV-R) mice for transcriptome analysis by RNA sequencing. This resulted in a comprehensive map of microbiota-regulated hepatic EC-specific transcriptome profiles. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that several functional processes in the hepatic endothelium were affected. The absence of microbiota influenced the expression of genes involved in cholesterol flux and angiogenesis. Specifically, genes functioning in hepatic endothelial sphingosine metabolism and the sphingosine-1-phosphate pathway showed drastically increased expression in the GF state. Our analyses reveal a prominent role for the microbiota in shaping the transcriptional landscape of the hepatic endothelium.

Study on an intelligent cooling control method of transformer

With the implemeGEPI-173ntation of unattended and intelligent substation, the operation and maintenance personnel are far away from the substation. The cooling system lacks real-time monitoring, fault prediction, remote control and other functions. The number of transformer non-stop caused by cooler fault is further increased, which directly threatens the power grid security. In order to solve the above problems, a new intelligent air-cooling control method is proposed. Based on the large-scale signal acquisition method, a new intelligent air-cooling system design scheme is proposed. The characteristics, hardware system design, software system design, main program design, oil temperature control design, comprehensive switching design, data sharing center design message flow design and other key links of the new intelligent transformer cooler control system are introduced in detail. The results show that the scheme can better meet the needs of unattended substation and realize the intelligent operation of substation. It can further improve the security capacity of transformer production and play an important role in the construction and development of smart grid.

Design and Implementation of Intelligent Meter Reading System in Smart Power Grid

Design and research the intelligent meter reading system, collect electric energy data in real time, and realize the remote reading function through the wireless network. The intelligent meter reading system adopts a three-tier structure of meter reading data processing layer, meter reading data presentation layer and meter reading data storage layer to enhance the efficiency and stability of the system. The design includes the operator module, the operation management module, and the system database and logical structure of the data maintenance module to enhance data security performance. Design the user interface of the intelligent meter reading system to complete functions such as task management, data review, and line data analysis. The design and development of the intelligent meter reading system enhances the accuracy and real-time performance of meter reading and reduces manual workload.

Virtualization of information object vulnerability testing container based on DeX technology and deep learning neural networks

The modern development of information security tools, along with the improvement of remote access methods, allows software and hardware to be audited without the need for direct access to the system under test. One of its components is related to the implementation of software on mobile ARM processor architectures. Within this direction of development, the approach that allows integrating Linux kernel-based distributions by introducing a virtual container chroot (change root) into the Android OS- based system and, consequently, performing penetration testing without the need to use personal computers is highlighted. An example of this approach is the Kali NetHunter distribution which allows remote system administration functionality through the KeX module. Besides the obvious advantages of KeX functionality, some disadvantages should also be mentioned: firstly, the low speed of GUI processing due to translation to remote hosts and the need to support translation at operating system level; secondly, the consumption of energy resources when using the desktop features of the KeX module. In order to solve the mentioned problems, a system of virtualization of energy-efficient container for testing the vulnerabilities of critical information objects has been developed and based on the principle of multi-containerization. The software of the system is represented by two components: an enlarged module for integration of the chroot container into the DeX environment (primary), and an enlarged module for ensuring energy efficiency using predictive neural network models based on variable time intervals (secondary). As a result of comparing the effectiveness of existing and implemented approaches in penetration testing, it is noted that the proposed system can be used in testing the security of particular platforms and systems, including highly sensitive information objects or resources.

Development of Resin Sampler for Generation III Nuclear Power Plants

In view of the defects in the traditional way of resin sample in the generation Ⅱ nuclear power plants, this paper introduces a new type of nuclear power plant resin sampler structure and technical characteristics. The pneumatic piston and dynamic seal technology are used in the device, and the remote automatic sampling radioactive resin function is adopted. Test results show that the resin sampler is with high sampling accuracy and good repeatability, and can make the nuclear radioactive waste sampling system more accurate, efficient and safe.

Design of Intelligent Early Warning Robot System for Warehouse Autonomous Patrol based on Scale Estimation Algorithm of Probability Theory

In view of the backward monitoring status in the traditional safety management of hazardous chemicals warehouse, a patrol robot for hazardous chemicals warehouse with autonomous patrol stereo detection, intelligent early warning and remote monitoring functions is designed, and the design process of related functions of autonomous patrol navigation subsystem, environmental detection subsystem and remote monitoring subsystem is discussed from two aspects of hardware and software. Because both the camera and the target may be in motion, it is necessary to consider the scale change of target influence caused by relative distance. In order to overcome the shortcoming of invariable scale in Mean Shift algorithm, this paper adopts a scale adaptive method to estimate the size of the target, adjusts the parameters of kernel function by using ellipse feature, and takes the parameters of the current frame as the initial data of the next frame, so as to achieve the effect of adaptively adjusting the target scale. The test results show that the system can effectively traverse the map of hazardous chemicals warehouse, accurately assess the leakage of hazardous chemicals and the environmental safety of warehouse, and give early warning. The remote monitoring platform greatly facilitates the remote management of the warehouse.

Menopausal Women’s Health Care Method Based on Computer Nursing Diagnosis Intelligent System

Taking into account the current feature extraction speed and recognition effect of intelligent diagnosis of menopausal women's health care behavior, this paper proposes to use a cross-layer convolutional neural network to extract behavior features autonomously and use support vector machine multiclass behavior classifier to classify behavior. Compared with the feature images extracted by traditional methods, the behavioral features extracted in this paper are related to the individual menopausal women and have better semantic information, and the feature description ability in the time domain and the space domain has been enhanced. Through Matlab software, using the database established in this paper to compare its feature extraction time, test classification time, and final recognition accuracy with ordinary convolutional neural networks, it is concluded that the cross-layer CNN-SVM model can ensure the speed of feature extraction. It proves that the method in this paper can be applied to the behavioral intelligent diagnosis system for intelligently nursing menopausal women and has good practical value. This paper designs a home care bed intelligent monitoring system, which can automatically detect the posture of the care bed, and not only can change the posture of the bed under the control of personnel, but also can automatically complete the posture conversion according to the setting. At the same time, the system has the function of monitoring the physical condition of the person being cared for and can detect the heart rate, blood oxygen, and other physiological indicators of the bedridden person. In addition, the system can also provide a remote diagnosis function, allowing nursing staff to remotely view the current state of the nursing bed and the physical condition of the person. After testing, the system works stably, improves the automation and safety of the nursing bed control, and enriches the functions of the nursing bed.

The median partition and submodularity

A median partition P* of a finite set X is a minimizer of a remoteness function φ(P)=∑i=1mD(P,Pi) defined from a profile of partitions E={P1,P2,…,Pm} and a function D that quantifies the distance between two partitions. This paper focuses in the location of median partitions within the lattice of partitions when the symmetric function D is such that, for every partition P, D(P,.) is a submodular function that decreases along any chain (either ascending or descending) starting at P. Especially, refinement relationships among median partitions and quota rules are investigated. Most of the results presented here remain valid in an arbitrary semimodular lattice.

Isolation and Community Resettlement: a Labrador Example

The social conception of isolation in hinterland communities is seen as a manifestation of economic and political dependency, and not merely as a function of physical remoteness. This paper examines how isolation influences local decision-making about population resettlement as a strategy of community development. Based on data from a small Labrador village, the study considers how isolation has been experienced over time, and how it affects the identification of developmental priorities and objectives among local factions.

Fixed-Life or Rechargeable Battery for Deep Brain Stimulation: Preference and Satisfaction in Chinese Patients With Parkinson's Disease.

Introduction: DBS is a widely used therapy for PD. There is now a choice between fixed-life implantable pulse generators (IPGs) and rechargeable IPGs, each having advantages and disadvantages. This study aimed to evaluate the preference and satisfaction of Chinese patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who were treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS).Materials and Methods: Two hundred and twenty PD patients were treated with DBS and completed a self-reported questionnaire to assess their long-term satisfaction and experience with the type of battery they had chosen and the key factors affecting these choices. The survey was performed online and double-checked for completeness and accuracy.Results: The median value of the postoperative duration was 18 months. The most popular way for patients to learn about DBS surgery was through media (79/220, 35.9%) including the Internet and television programs. In total, 87.3% of the DBS used rechargeable IPGs (r-IPG). The choice between rechargeable and non-rechargeable IPGs was significantly associated with affordability ( = 19.13, p < 0.001). Interestingly, the feature of remote programming significantly affected patients' choices between domestic and imported brands ( = 16.81, p < 0.001). 87.7% of the patients were satisfied with the stimulating effects as well as the implanted device itself. 40.6% of the patients with r-IPGs felt confident handling devices within 1 week after discharge. More than half of the patients checked their batteries every week. The mean interval for battery recharge was 4.3 days. 57.8% of the patients spent around 1 h recharging, and 71.4% of them recharged the battery independently.Conclusions: Most patients were satisfied with their choice of IPGs. The patients' economic status and the remote programming function of the device were the two most critical factors in their decision. The skill of recharging the IPG was easy to master for most patients.

Wildfires Vegetation Recovery through Satellite Remote Sensing and Functional Data Analysis

In recent years, wildfires have caused havoc across the world, which are especially aggravated in certain regions due to climate change. Remote sensing has become a powerful tool for monitoring fires, as well as for measuring their effects on vegetation over the following years. We aim to explain the dynamics of wildfires’ effects on a vegetation index (previously estimated by causal inference through synthetic controls) from pre-wildfire available information (mainly proceeding from satellites). For this purpose, we use regression models from Functional Data Analysis, where wildfire effects are considered functional responses, depending on elapsed time after each wildfire, while pre-wildfire information acts as scalar covariates. Our main findings show that vegetation recovery after wildfires is a slow process, affected by many pre-wildfire conditions, among which the richness and diversity of vegetation is one of the best predictors for the recovery.

JCS/JHRS 2019 guideline on non-pharmacotherapy of cardiac arrhythmias.

JCS/JHRS 2019 guideline on non-pharmacotherapy of cardiac arrhythmias.

Research on Integrated Pneumatic Control Valve Based on Frame Control Brake System of Rail Vehicle

This product is used in the frame control system of railway vehicles. It integrates remote function, anti-skid function and communication function, and highly modularizes the common braking, emergency braking and anti-skid protection functions of railway vehicles.

Selective Synthesis of Z-Silyl Enol Ethers via Ni-Catalyzed Remote Functionalization of Ketones.

We report a remote functionalization strategy, which allows the Z-selective synthesis of silyl enol ethers of (hetero)aromatic and aliphatic ketones via Ni-catalyzed chain walking from a distant olefin site. The positional selectivity is controlled by the directionality of the chain walk and is independent of thermodynamic preferences of the resulting silyl enol ether. Our mechanistic data indicate that a Ni(I) dimer is formed under these conditions, which serves as a catalyst resting state and, upon reaction with an alkyl bromide, is converted to [Ni(II)-H] as an active chain-walking/functionalization catalyst, ultimately generating a stabilized η3-bound Ni(II) enolate as the key selectivity-controlling intermediate.

Regioselective Intermolecular Hydroamination of Unactivated Alkenes: “Co–H” Enabled Remote Functionalization

The Co–H-catalyzed intermolecular hydroamination of unactivated alkenes with various amine electrophiles was achieved by introducing a removable directing group. The catalytic system, consisting of inexpensive Co(OAc)2·4H2O (10 mol %) and PhSiH3, features substrate-dependent regioselectivity, broad substrate scope (57 examples), and the avoidance of additives or an extra ligand. This transformation can smoothly accommodate a wide range of β,γ-unsaturated alkenes, γ,δ-unsaturated alkenes, and even challenging remote alkenes, providing a general and flexible protocol for the preparation of various β-, γ-, δ-, ε-, ζ-, and η-amino acid derivatives. The utility of this method was further demonstrated by the large-scale reaction and late-stage modification of drug molecules. Furthermore, a plausible mechanism was proposed and supported by a series of control experiments and radial clock experiments.

Remote Regioselective Radical C–H Functionalization of Unactivated C–H Bonds in Amides: The Synthesis of gem-Difluoroalkenes

The site-selective functionalization of unactivated aliphatic amines is an attractive and challenging synthetic approach. We herein report a general strategy for the remote site-selective functionalization of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds in amides by photogenerated amidyl radicals to form gem-difluoroalkenes with trifluoromethyl-substituted alkenes. The site selectivity is controlled by a 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process of the amide. This photocatalyzed transformation shows both chemo- and site-selectivity, facilitating the formation of a secondary, tertiary, or quaternary carbon center.