Remote Switching Research Articles

Smart Distribution Grid: Optimal Day-Ahead Scheduling With Reconfigurable Topology

This paper proposes an optimal operational scheduling framework to be taken in use in the distribution management system (DMS) as the heart of smart active distribution networks (ADNs). The proposed algorithm targets to optimally control active elements of the network, distributed generations (DGs) and responsive loads (RLs), seeking to minimize the day-ahead total operation costs. The technical constraints of the components and the whole system are accommodated in the ac power flow fashion. As an innovative point, the DMS effectively utilizes the hourly network reconfiguration capabilities being realized by the deployment of remotely controlled switches (RCSs). Accordingly, besides the optimal schedule of active elements, the optimal topology of the network associated with each hour of the scheduling time horizon is determined as well. The effect of hourly reconfiguration on the capacity release of DGs and RLs is highlighted, which could be envisaged as a new trend in the reserve scheduling problem. Considering practical issues, the maximum daily switching actions of RCSs as well as switching costs are judicially included. The optimization procedure is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear problem and tackled with the genetic algorithm. To validate the satisfactory performance of the proposed framework, a 33-bus ADN is thoroughly interrogated.

CONGA

We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of CONGA, a network-based distributed congestion-aware load balancing mechanism for datacenters. CONGA exploits recent trends including the use of regular Clos topologies and overlays for network virtualization. It splits TCP flows into flowlets, estimates real-time congestion on fabric paths, and allocates flowlets to paths based on feedback from remote switches. This enables CONGA to efficiently balance load and seamlessly handle asymmetry, without requiring any TCP modifications. CONGA has been implemented in custom ASICs as part of a new datacenter fabric. In testbed experiments, CONGA has 5x better flow completion times than ECMP even with a single link failure and achieves 2-8x better throughput than MPTCP in Incast scenarios. Further, the Price of Anarchy for CONGA is provably small in Leaf-Spine topologies; hence CONGA is nearly as effective as a centralized scheduler while being able to react to congestion in microseconds. Our main thesis is that datacenter fabric load balancing is best done in the network, and requires global schemes such as CONGA to handle asymmetry.

An unusual route to polarization reversal in ferroelectric ultrathin nanowires

Ferroelectric nanowires are promising candidates for miniaturized ferroelectric devices. Some potential nanoscale applications of the nanowires, such as ultra high density ferroelectric memory, utilize their reversible polarization. To meet the ever increasing demand for low energy consumption, it is extremely desirable to reduce the operational fields associated with polarization reversal. In this Letter, we use first-principles-based simulations to explore an unusual route to polarization reversal that utilizes a combination of relatively low bias field and THz pulsed radiation. Such an approach allows for lower operational fields and may lead to other potential applications such as THz radiation sensing and remote switches.

Electrowetting and semiconductors

Electrowetting is coming to fruition for many applications such as display technologies, droplet transport, smart optics, flexible systems, remote switching, electronic paper, miniaturized chemistry and energy harvesting. Surprisingly, although most of the workings of this technology have been achieved using semiconductor fabrication techniques – electrowetting has yet to fully take advantage of the wealth of physical properties (electrical, optical, mechanical, thermal, magnetic…) offered by semiconducting materials. This short review paper is intended to bridge the gap a little between electrowetting and the possible use of semiconductor properties for novel applications involving liquids and technology.

Remote Control Switch Socket for Intelligent Home Based on Wifi and PLC

Aiming at the applications of smart home, a novel intelligent remote control switch socket based on Wifi and PLC technologies was described and designed to replace the traditional wired sppliances.The intelligent remote control switch socket using Wifi and PLC communication technologies, compared to the existing technology solutions, which has the advantages of more flexible networking, low cost, easy to implement and promotion, etc..It will provide an intelligent switch socket design idea and method for the development and promotion of smart home system .

The Design of Data Disaster Recovery of National Fundamental Geographic Information System

Abstract. With the development of information technology, data security of information system is facing more and more challenges. The geographic information of surveying and mapping is fundamental and strategic resource, which is applied in all areas of national economic, defence and social development. It is especially vital to national and social interests when such classified geographic information is directly concerning Chinese sovereignty. Several urgent problems that needs to be resolved for surveying and mapping are how to do well in mass data storage and backup, establishing and improving the disaster backup system especially after sudden natural calamity accident, and ensuring all sectors rapidly restored on information system will operate correctly. For overcoming various disaster risks, protect the security of data and reduce the impact of the disaster, it’s no doubt the effective way is to analysis and research on the features of storage and management and security requirements, as well as to ensure that the design of data disaster recovery system suitable for the surveying and mapping. This article analyses the features of fundamental geographic information data and the requirements of storage management, three site disaster recovery system of DBMS plan based on the popular network, storage and backup, data replication and remote switch of application technologies. In LAN that synchronous replication between database management servers and the local storage of backup management systems, simultaneously, remote asynchronous data replication between local storage backup management systems and remote database management servers. The core of the system is resolving local disaster in the remote site, ensuring data security and business continuity of local site. This article focuses on the following points: background, the necessity of disaster recovery system, the analysis of the data achievements and data disaster recovery plan. Features of this program is to use a hardware-based data hot backup, and remote online disaster recovery support for Oracle database system. The achievement of this paper is in summarizing and analysing the common characteristics of disaster of surveying and mapping business system requirements, while based on the actual situation of the industry, designed the basic GIS disaster recovery solutions, and we also give the conclusions about key technologies of RTO and RPO.

Remotely triggered geometrical isomerization of a binuclear complex.

Binuclear organometallic molecules are model systems for investigating intramolecular spin-coupling and charge-transfer processes. Using electrospray ionization, Fe(salten) dimers linked by dipyridyl disulfide are deposited on gold for probing with a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope. Each monomer constitutes a multistable switch owing to its geometric isomerism. Controlled and reversible remote switching within a single dimer is demonstrated. The process is attributed to intramolecular electron transfer.

Optically Reconfigurable 1 $\times$ 4 Remote Node Switch for Access Networks

In this paper we demonstrate an optically controlled 1 × 4 remote node switch, based on membrane InP switches bonded to a silicon-on-insulator circuit. We show that the switch exhibits cross talk better than 25 dB between the output ports, and that the switch operates without receiver sensitivity penalty. Furthermore, the proposed switch architecture allows for optical clock distribution as a means to avoid the need for clock recovery at the receiver side. This is demonstrated in a proof-of-principle experiment where data and clock are sent through a single membrane InP switch.

Optimal simultaneous siting and sizing of DGs and capacitors considering reconfiguration in smart automated distribution systems

This research investigates the simultaneous allocation of optimally sited and sized distributed generation (DG) units along with the capacitor banks for power loss minimization in smart automated distribution systems (ADSs). Moreover, network reconfiguration as one of the salient features of ADSs realized by remotely controlled switches (RCSs) is proposed to be incorporated in the simultaneous optimal siting and sizing process of DGs and capacitors. As the structure of the system would vary in the solution process, all of the buses are considered as the candidate bus to connect DGs and capacitors. Several scenarios have been considered for concurrent allocation of DGs, capacitors and also reconfiguration in loss minimization problem to interrogate the performance of the proposed method. Binary genetic algorithm (BGA) is employed to simultaneously identify the optimal site and size of DGs and capacitors as well as the system structure. The proposed algorithm is effectively implemented and then validated on the well-known IEEE 33-bus standard distribution system. Assessing the different scenarios reveals that incorporating network reconfiguration in combined allocation of DG and capacitor, would result in superior power loss minimization and also affects the optimal site and size of DGs and capacitors.

Secured remote switching dc motors

The notion of this work is to make use of GSM network to provide users mobility facility to support them while moving. The system is structured into three main parts: GSM network, controlling software, and boost circuits. The GSM network acts as low cost tool to aid in developing the system to cope with the upgrading requirements. The switching of motors is only performed by an authorized users. So that a controlling software used to strengthen the security feature to assist in preventing the system against unauthorized users. Besides, the controlling signal that transmitted by a distant user up to the controlling software is of TTL level nature. Therefore, different levels of boost circuits employed to assist in enhancing the signal level to be adequate to drive the motors.

Design and Implementation of Large Computer Room Environment Intelligent Monitoring System Based on Zigbee

For large network communication equipment are in need of real time computer maintenance and management, the traditional manual management can't meet this need, so this paper designs a set of real-time data acquisition, intelligent alarm and remote control, large computer room environment monitoring system based on Zigbee. The system is composed of terminal monitoring subsystem, control subsystem and management terminal. The terminal monitoring system consists of ZigBee node through the network, and its data acquisition include temperature, humidity and smoke environmental data; MSP430F1611 and Ethernet module monitoring subsystem are responsible for packet analysis, Ethernet connection, and Web intelligent remote switch control when monitoring data reaches a threshold. The system also can be used in street lamp remote intelligent control, intelligent irrigation control system of greenhouse vegetables and so on. Therefore, it has good application value.

A methodology for real time analysis of parallelism of distribution networks

The parallelism of distribution networks can be used to transfer loads between feeders without the need of disconnection of consumers during the switching. In the context of the Smart Grid, the parallelism of feeders can be used in automatic reconfiguration of networks for the improvement of power quality and voltage levels, and reduction of energy losses. However, the switching for parallelism must be preceded by studies to verify its technical and operational feasibility. This paper presents a methodology to analyze aspects of loading, protection, and voltage levels related to parallelism of distribution networks, in transient and steady-state operation. The validation of the developed methodology was carried out by comparison with simulation results from the ATP program. The study aims to be suitable for real time application in reconfiguration of distribution networks, allowing, for instance, the integration with remote controlled switches, so that the network reconfiguration can be done automatically. The results here presented are based on a real model of a distribution network of a power utility. The developed methodology has as main result a reliable indication of the technical feasibility of connecting feeders in parallel.

Remote fiber optic switch powered by light for robust interrogation of fiber Bragg grating sensor networks

In this work, a remote fiber optic switch powered by light is demonstrated experimentally. This fiber optic switch is powered by a photovoltaic power converter illuminated by a Raman laser. The switch can operate at distances up to 100 km. This switch is used to develop a remote resilient fiber Bragg grating (FBG) multiplexing network interrogated by a commercial FBG interrogator. In the proposed set-up the switch selects the branch of the FBG network located 50 km away from the interrogation unit in order to enable a two-way interrogation path for each sensor to prevent connection failures or fiber breakages.

A Remote Lewis Acid Trigger Dramatically Accelerates Biaryl Reductive Elimination from a Platinum Complex

A strategy for the control of electron density at a metal center is reported, which uses a remote chemical switch involving second-sphere Lewis acid binding that modulates electron density in the first coordination sphere. Binding of the Lewis acid B(C6F5)3 at remote nitrogen positions of a bipyrazine-diarylplatinum(II) complex accelerates biaryl reductive elimination by a factor of 64,000.

Distribution Network Reconfiguration Using an Approximate Optimization Approach

Power network reconfiguration is an important process in the improvement of operating conditions of a power system and in planning studies, service restoration and distribution automation when remote-controlled switches are employed. This paper presents the use of a quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm to solve the distribution network reconfiguration problem. The quantum- inspired evolutionary algorithm is the combination product of quantum computing and evolutionary computation and is suitable for a class of integer programming problems such as the distribution network reconfiguration problem. After the analysis and formulation of the distribution network reconfiguration problem, the effectiveness and feasibility of the introduced method is verified by a large number of experiments.

Intelligent system for automatic reconfiguration of distribution network in real time

In normal operation, the reconfiguration of distribution network can reduce losses, balance loads and improve quality indicators. The increasing use of remote controlled equipment in power systems leads the development of more efficient techniques for automatic reconfiguration of network, being particularly important in Smart Grid applications. This paper presents a methodology and system for automatic reconfiguration of distribution network in real time. The optimization of the network performance is based on a heuristic method and multicriterial analysis. This work relies on the Analytic Hierarchic Process (AHP) method to define weights for the optimization criteria and to determine the best sequence of switching for the network. In addition, the analysis of the technical feasibility of connecting feeders in parallel during the reconfiguration is also considered, focusing on determining transient constraints. The method assumes that only the remote controlled switches are analyzed. The developed algorithms are integrated into a supervisory system, which allows real time measurements and commands to the equipment. The proposed methodology is tested in a real network of a power utility and results are presented and discussed.

Annunciator for Hazard Prevention & Temperature Control

It is a microcontroller based annunciator system that detects different faulty condition and inform operator about it. It not only informs and announces about the faulty condition but also takes an initial to control the hazard.The system will consist of sensor which gives view of the condition to be monitored. If any abnormal condition arises then it gives indication to microcontroller. Microcontroller is programmed by user according to need. The Microcontroller may inform to the owner of a property about the condition abnormality and it set the driver on to take the remedial actions. Keywords - Annunciator, AT89C51, DTMF, EPROM I. Introduction Today all instrumentation system pertaining to industrial process control as well as domestic applications, like elevator control are centralized air conditioning control; involve some type of automatic fault finding facility. This facility detects the faulty condition of the operation towards it, enabling him to take suitable remedial action to ensure the proper operation of the system. One such method is annunciation. Annunciator is a device giving audible as well as visible indication of several physical parameters. Annunicator is a pilot device. A pilot device protects the process loop from serious hazardous condition by alerting the operator about the erroneous condition about the process. Process is a group of physical unit devices, which acts together to get desired objectives or output. Annunciator is device in which activation of a visual or a mechanical indicator called annunciator takes place when a remote switch or device has been activated as result of fault in certain part of the system. An audio alarm may also be associated with annunciator.

Linkage Control Security Research of the Mechanical Smoke Exhaust System in Large Space Buildings

Abstract When the large space buildings are in the event of fire, the mechanical smoke exhaust system must start safely and reliably with the smoke spreading quickly. A former analysis to the linkage control of the mechanical smoke exhaust system showed that the control of exhaust fans is safe and reliable with multiple redundant control. but the control security of exhaust ports in the large space buildings is very poor. According to the recent research, reliability of the linkage control of exhaust ports set in large space areas is the key to improve the reliability of the exhaust system's linkage control in large space buildings. We should set on-site mechanical control devices, remote multiple manual direct control devices and on-site electric control switch devices for exhaust ports in large space buildings. And the linked switches of exhaust ports should also be able to multiple interlocks control the exhaust fans.

Zinc-porphyrins functionalized with redox-active metal peripherals: enhancement of dπ–pπ interaction leading to unique assembly and redox-triggered remote switching of fluorescence

Novel porphyrin-MCp*(dppe) conjugates with the acetylene linker, por-C≡CMCp*(dppe) (por = (5,15-diarylporphinato)zinc(II), Cp* = η(5)-C5Me5, dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane; M/aryl = Fe/phenyl (1), Fe/3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl (2), Ru/phenyl (3)), are synthesized. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic studies combined with electrochemical investigations reveal strong interactions between the porphyrin moieties and the electron-donating MCp*(dppe) fragments. Oxidation of the porphyrin core of the iron conjugate 1 generates the dication radical 1(2+), which is spontaneously associated with its mono-cationic counterpart 1(+) to form the stable π-radical trication dimer [1(2)](3+), whereas complexes 2 and 3 undergo simple oxidation without forming such dimers. Furthermore, intramolecular charge transfer between the porphyrin rings and the MCp*(dppe) fragments causes the appearance of a charge transfer absorption band in the visible region. It is also found that fluorescence derived from the porphyrin rings is quenched upon oxidation via intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer from the MCp*(dppe) moieties to the porphyrin chromophores in the excited states. The emission is recovered by subsequent reduction of the MCp*(dppe) fragments. Thus, the fluorescence from the porphyrin moieties is switched off and on upon oxidation and subsequent reduction, respectively. The iron acetylide complex 1 can assemble with nitrogen-donors including pyridine and DABCO as well as a π-acceptor, naphthalenediimide, to provide the nano-sized stacking structures which are detected by NMR.

Design and Implementation of Remote Monitoring System for UPS in Unattended Observation Station

UPS (Uninterrupted power supply) is a basis for the observation equipments, and its reliability play a decisive role for the all tasks. Most of the observation stations are unattended, and their distribution is dispersive. So the maintenance of UPS is tedious and complicated, and it is difficult to achieve unified management and effective maintenance. In response to this situation, this paper proposes a UPS remote intelligent monitoring program. Through the monitoring data collection, remote data transmission, data output display and the control command transfer, this program can monitor the power supply capacity, load conditions and working status in the real-time, and achieve the function of automatic alarm and remote switch control. It completely changes the traditional decentralized management model and improves the level of scientific management of the UPS.