Remediation Mechanisms Research Articles

Proactive Threat Detection in Cloud Ecosystems: SIEM, Monitoring, and Automated Remediation

In modern cloud ecosystems, the stakes are higher than ever for proactive threat detection and rapid incident response. As organizations embrace multi-cloud and hybrid environments, traditional security controls must evolve to protect distributed workloads and data. Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) platforms, continuous monitoring, and automated remediation mechanisms form the backbone of a robust, proactive security strategy. This white paper delves into the technical underpinnings of these solutions, highlighting architectural components, methodologies, and implementation considerations. This paper examines various challenges such as scale, heterogeneous data sources, and advanced attack vectors, along with corresponding solutions. In addition, explores real-world case studies that demonstrate the viability and effectiveness of implementing SIEM, monitoring, and automated remediation strategies in production environments. Keywords: Threat Detection, Cloud Security, SIEM, Continuous Monitoring, Automated Remediation, Hybrid Cloud, Multi-Cloud, Architecture, Implementation

Bioremediation of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Solution and Aged Refuse by Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation: Further Insights into Sporosarcina pasteurii.

Recently, the ability of microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) to remediate heavy metals has been widely explored. Sporosarcina pasteurii was selected to remediate heavy metal-contaminated solution and aged refuse, exploring the feasibility of Sporosarcina pasteurii bioremediation of heavy metals and analyzing the changes in heavy metal forms before and after bioremediation, as well as the mechanism of remediation. The results showed that Sporosarcina pasteurii achieved remediation rates of 95%, 84%, 97%, and 98% for Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cr (III) in contaminated solution, respectively. It also achieved remediation rates of 74%, 84%, and 62% for exchangeable Cd, Pb, and Zn in aged refuse, respectively. The content of exchangeable Cr (III) before bioremediation was almost zero. The content of heavy metals with exchangeable form and carbonate-bounded form in aged refuse decreased after bioremediation, while the content of heavy metals with iron-manganese oxide binding form and residual form increased. Simultaneously, the presence of Fe and Al components in aged refuse, as well as the precipitation of calcium carbonate produced during the MICP process, jointly promotes the transformation of heavy metals into more stable forms.

Remediation of soda saline-alkali soil using vermicompost: the remediation mechanisms and enhanced improvement by maize straw

Remediation of soda saline-alkali soil using vermicompost: the remediation mechanisms and enhanced improvement by maize straw

Unlocking Biochar's Potential: Innovative Strategies for Sustainable Remediation of Heavy Metal Stress in Tobacco Plants.

Tobacco, being a globally cultivated crop, holds significant social and economic importance. Tobacco plants are susceptible to the adverse effects of heavy metals (HMs), particularly cadmium (Cd), which hinders root development, disrupts water balance, and impedes nutrient absorption. Higher concentrations of HMs, especially Cd, naturally accumulate in tobacco leaves due to complex interactions within the plant-soil continuum. The uptake of Cd by plants from the soil is influenced by several factors, including soil type, pH, irrigation water quality, and the chemical composition of the metal involved. Different techniques, such as bioremediation, phytoremediation, and mycoremediation, have been employed to tackle the issue of HMs. The use of biochar offers a practical solution to mitigate this problem. With its large surface area and porous nature, biochar can effectively alleviate HMs contamination. Under biochar application, metal adsorption primarily occurs through physical adsorption, where metal ions are trapped within the pores of the biochar. Additionally, electrostatic attraction, in which negatively charged biochar surfaces attract positively charged metal ions, is another major mechanism of metal remediation facilitated by biochar. In this review, we documented, compiled, and interpreted novel and recent information on HMs stress on tobacco plants and explored biochar's role in alleviating HMs toxicity. By providing a comprehensive review of the persistent threat posed by Cd to tobacco crops and exploring biochar's potential as a remediation measure, this work aims to enhance our understanding of HMs stress in tobacco and contribute to the development of sustainable agricultural practices.

Research on the System of Effective Criminal Defense

This article, based on the current state of China’s criminal procedure system and with a focus on improving the quality of criminal defense, explores the construction of an effective defense system tailored to China’s national context by incorporating international concepts of effective defense and practices of ineffective defense systems from other jurisdictions. By analyzing the concept of effective defense and its procedural and substantive values, the article identifies issues in China’s existing criminal defense system, particularly regarding lawyers’ visitation rights, access to case files, and the role of duty lawyers. The article argues that introducing the principle of effective defense and establishing an ineffective defense system with clear standards for lawyers’ performance and remedial mechanisms are essential steps in improving China’s criminal defense framework. Moreover, ensuring the protection of lawyers’ rights is a crucial prerequisite for achieving effective defense. Through the institutionalization of the effective defense concept, the article aims to enhance the fairness and authority of China’s criminal procedure system, thereby advancing the high-quality development of the rule of law.

Effective remedies in digital market abuse of dominance cases

ABSTRACT The paper examines effective remedies for abuse of dominance in digital markets by analyzing tools including Regulation 1/2003 and the Digital Markets Act (DMA) 2022. It evaluates both radical remedies proposed by commentators and DMA obligations, applying them to seven digital market abuse cases. While primarily focusing on Article 102 TFEU as the main remedy mechanism, the paper also considers DMA's role in addressing these infringements.The study covers both pricing and non-pricing infringements from past Article 102 TFEU cases. Drawing from existing literature, it assesses potential remedies, their benefits, and implementation costs. The paper specifically examines Articles 5 and 6 of the DMA to determine the most effective remedies for the seven identified infringements.A key finding is that digital market cases require individualized assessment for implementing effective remedies, rather than a one-size-fits-all approach.

Retraction notice to "Pesticide pollutants in the environment - A critical review on remediation techniques, mechanism and toxicological impact"[Chemosphere 301 (2022) 134754

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal). <This article has been retracted at the request of the Editors-in-Chief. A journal-wide investigation by Elsevier's Research Integrity & Publishing Ethics team identified violations of the journal's policies on conflict of interest related to the submission and review of this paper. Review of this submission was handled by Guest Editor Pau Loke Show despite an extensive record of collaboration, including co-publication, with one of the paper co-authors (Dai-Viet N. Vo). Acceptance of the article was partly based upon the positive advice of a reviewer who was closely linked to one of the authors (Vo). This compromised the editorial process and breached the journal's policies. The authors disagree with this retraction and dispute the grounds for it.>.

Advances in Soil Amendments for Remediation of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils: Mechanisms, Impact, and Future Prospects.

Heavy metal contamination is a critical factor contributing to soil degradation and poses significant environmental threats with profound implications for ecosystems and human health. Soil amendments have become an effective strategy to address these challenges by reducing heavy metal hazards and remediating contaminated soils. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in soil amendments for heavy metal-contaminated soils, with a focus on natural, synthetic, natural-synthetic copolymer, and biological amendments. By thoroughly examining and contrasting their remediation mechanisms and effects, this study provides a detailed evaluation of their influence on soil physicochemical properties, leachable heavy metal content, and microbial communities. Through bibliometric analysis, current research priorities and trends are highlighted, offering a multidimensional comparison of these amendments and clarifying their varying applicability and limitations. Furthermore, this review explores future prospects and the inherent challenges in soil amendments for heavy metal contamination, aiming to offer valuable insights and theoretical references for the development and selection of novel, efficient, multifunctional, environmentally friendly amendments.

Engaging Marginalized Stakeholders: Towards a Dialogical Theorization of Effective Corporate-Rightsholder Remedy

AbstractIn the remediation of business-related human rights abuses, meaningful stakeholder engagement which culminates in effective access to remedy begins with forms of communication that enable the voice and agency of marginalized stakeholders, and value their lived experiences. Here, we consider how the development of adialogicaltheorization of stakeholder engagement is aligned with the practical and ethical goals of an effective access to human rights remedy. Drawing on dialogical theory, we discern four ethical criteria —power cognizance, polyphonic pluralism, generative agonism and discursive unfinalizability— that reveal three general approaches to stakeholder engagement —essentially monologic, seemingly dialogic and authentically dialogic— based on the extent to which they exhibit the criteria above. We propose and discuss an 'authentically dialogic' approach for organizations adopting morally expansive, victim-centric approaches to engagement in the design and implementation of company-led remedial mechanisms.

Critical role of soil-applied molybdenum dioxide composite biochar material in enhancing Cr(VI) remediation process: The driver of Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox cycle

Heavy metal contamination of agricultural land due to sewage irrigation, over-application of fertilizers and pesticides, and industrial activities. Biochar, due to its rich functional groups and excellent electrochemical performance, is used for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated farmland. However, the remediation mechanism remains uncertain due to the influence of minerals and multi-element composite pollution on soil. Therefore, introducing transition metal oxide MoO2 to prepare biochar composite remediation materials enhances the adsorption and reduction of soil Cr (Ⅵ). This study compared the differences in Cr (Ⅵ) improvement under different pollution systems and pH conditions and explored the potential mechanism of Fe (Ⅲ)/Fe (Ⅱ) redox cycling in Cr (Ⅵ) remediation. The results showed that both biochar MoO2 ball-milling composite (BC+M) and biochar-loaded MoO2 (BC/M) retained the original biochar (BC) remediation method for Cr (Ⅵ). Among them, the remediation of BC/M was the most stable, with the maximum remediation value ranging from approximately 6.52 to 58.58mg/kg. In different pollution systems, Cd and Pb exhibited competitive adsorption toward Cr (Ⅵ), but they enhanced Cr (Ⅵ) remediation by promoting adsorption and self-complexation. In acidic conditions (pH=4), BC/M showed the best remediation effect, with a reduction kinetic constant of 34.61×10-3S-1 and a maximum adsorption capacity of 61.64mg/g. Fe (Ⅲ)/Fe (Ⅱ) redox cycling accelerated the reduction of Cr (Ⅵ) (R2=0.81), and MoO2 promoted the Fe (Ⅲ)/Fe (Ⅱ) redox cycle. BC/M enhanced the Fe (Ⅱ) formation efficiency by 66.39% and 71.81% compared to BC+M and BC at pH=4. The introduction of MoO2 and biochar composite materials enhanced the reduction process of Cr (Ⅵ), with BC/M achieving the optimal remediation level. This study reveals the potential mechanisms of MoO2 and biochar composite materials in soil Cr (Ⅵ) remediation, providing a reference and insight for the preparation of Cr (Ⅵ) remediation materials and the treatment of contaminated farmland.

High lead-tolerant mutant Bacillus tropicus AT31-1 from rhizosphere soil of Pu-erh and its remediation mechanism

In this study, we successfully generated the mutant strain Bacillus tropicus AT31-1 from AT31 through atmospheric room-temperature plasma mutagenesis. This mutant strain AT31-1 demonstrated an impressive 48.6% removal efficiency in 400mg/L lead medium. Comparative genomic analysis showed that the mutant strain AT31-1 had three mutation sites, which affect the efflux RND transporter permease subunit, the response regulator transcription factor, and a gene with unknown function. The transcriptional analysis showed a notable upregulation in the expression of 283 genes in AT31-1 as lead concentrations increased from 0 to 200mg/L and then to 400mg/L, which include zinc-transporting ATPase, ferrous iron transport protein B, NADH dehydrogenase, and others. The Gene ontology function of the peptide metabolic process, along with the KEGG pathway of carbon metabolism were identified as closely linked to the extreme lead tolerance of AT31-1. This study presents novel insights into the lead tolerance mechanisms of bacteria.

Remediation pathways and mechanism of Fe-Zn-supported biochar on Cd accumulation in wheat: wheat tissues and coexisting elements

Remediation pathways and mechanism of Fe-Zn-supported biochar on Cd accumulation in wheat: wheat tissues and coexisting elements

Insights into the low-temperature rapid catalytic pyrolysis and remediation mechanism of weathered petroleum-contaminated saline-alkali soil using Beta zeolite

Pyrolysis technique is considered to have great potential in the remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil, but it still has difficulties such as high energy consumption for the degradation of complex petroleum hydrocarbons and the deterioration of soil quality after treatment. In this study, the low-temperature rapid catalytic pyrolysis was realized using Beta zeolite to assist in remediating weathered petroleum-contaminated saline-alkali soil. Under the action of Beta zeolite, the removal efficiency of petroleum hydrocarbons reached 81% after pyrolysis treatment for 10min at 250°C, which was reduced to regulatory standard. The pyrolysis behavior and mechanism revealed that the addition of Beta zeolite effectively reduced the activation energy of C-C and C-O bonds cleavage in petroleum hydrocarbon macromolecules due to the strong acidity of Beta, meanwhile the quality of recovered oil from pyrolysis was improved. Additionally, the analyses of soil physicochemical property indicated that the harmless graphitic C generated from the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons increased the organic matter in the soil, and the addition of Beta zeolite enhanced soil water retention capacity and reduced the soil alkalinity, thus improving the ecological function of saline-alkali soil. This study provides a new strategy for the removal of organic pollutants under special soil media conditions.

Microbial remediation of heavy metal-polluted water

Heavy metal pollution in water has become a global environmental problem, threatening aquatic ecosystems and human health. Physical and chemical methods can effectively remove heavy metal pollutants, while their applications are limited due to the high costs, complex operation, and susceptibility to secondary pollution. Bioremediation is the most promising method for eliminating toxic pollutants. Microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, and algae can convert toxic heavy metals into less toxic forms, which has become an effective and environmentally friendly solution for the remediation of heavy metal pollution in water environments. This paper expounds the toxicity and mechanism of heavy metal pollution, microbial remediation mechanisms, and primary microbial remediation strategies, providing a reference for the removal or reduction of metal pollutants in water environments as well as the development of related technologies.

Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil in mining areas with vaterite-type biological calcium carbonate

Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil in mining areas with vaterite-type biological calcium carbonate

The remediation performance and mechanism for tetracycline from groundwater using controlled release materials containing mesoporous MnOx with different morphology

Aiming at the effective remediation of antibiotic contaminants in groundwater, in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO), using controlled release materials (CRMs) as an oxidant deliverer, has emerged as a promising technique due to their long-term effective pollutant removal performance. This study used different microstructures of mesoporous manganese oxide (MnOx) and sodium persulfate as active components to fabricate CRMs. Following that, a comparative study of tetracycline (TC) degradation and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mesoporous MnOx powder and CRMs were conducted. The ROS formed during peroxodisulfate (PDS) activation by powder catalysts and CRMs differed, but MnOx powder catalysts and CRMs both had good reaction stoichiometric efficiency (RSE) for PDS, thus completely mineralizing TC. In PDS activation by mesoporous MnOx powder, oxygen vacancies (OVs) caused by defects in the catalysts contributed to the generation of singlet oxygen (1O2). The 1O2 and free radicals (·SO4- and ·OH) both worked as major ROS participating in TC degradation. Concerning the release of CRMs in static groundwater, the immobilization of catalysts inside CRMs made it difficult to release 1O2 in the solution, thus slowing the degradation of TC by CRMs containing MnOx(1) in static groundwater. In the TC remediation in dynamic groundwater, the water flowing slowly passed through the CRM layer, and TC molecules were trapped. Therefore, 1O2 degraded the trapped TC in the CRM layer in dynamic groundwater. Compared to TC, the toxicity of most intermediates during the TC degradation by CRMs has decreased in static and dynamic groundwater.

Effects of Acid Modified Mineral Materials on Soil Cadmium Pollution and Plant Remediation

In response to the problem of soil heavy metal pollution, acid modified mineral materials were used to study the changes in adsorption performance, surface charge, and other indicators of four clay mineral materials, vermiculite, arsenic sandstone, shale, and zeolite, under acid modified conditions. The changes in soil physicochemical properties, heavy metal content, and plant growth before and after remediation were analyzed. The study showed that the introduction of acid modified adsorption materials increased the specific surface area and cation exchange capacity, enhanced adsorption performance, and provided theoretical reference for the mechanism and effect of remediation of cadmium contaminated soil. To optimize the application amount of remediation materials and develop cheap, effective, and scalable heavy metal remediation materials, it has important practical significance. Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(3): 803-809, 2024 (September) Special

Mangrove fungi in action: Novel bioremediation strategy for high-chloride wastewater

Bioremediation of extremely high-chloride wastewater poses significant challenges due to the adverse effects of elevated salt concentrations on most microorganisms, where chloride levels can be as high as 7% (w/v). Mangrove wetlands derived fungus, Aspergillus aculeatus, emerged as a promising candidate, capable of removing approximately 40% of chloride ions in environments with concentration of 15% (w/v), representative of industrial wastewater conditions. Transcriptomics and biochemical assays conducted under increasing salt conditions revealed that elevated chloride concentrations induce the expression and activity of S-adenosyl methionine-dependent methyltransferase, which facilitates the conversion of chloride into chloromethane. This is the first report characterizing the biological mechanism behind high salt tolerance and chloride removal capacity of Aspergillus aculeatus. This salt remediation mechanism may work as a starter for developing future bioremediation strategies to treat high-chloride wastewater using fungi, offering an eco-friendly alternative to traditional physical or chemical methods.

APMCG-1 attenuates ischemic stroke injury by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis and promoting angiogenesis via activating PI3K/AKT pathway

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Beyond thrombolysis, strategies targeting anti-oxidative apoptosis and angiogenesis are considered prospective therapeutic strategies. Nevertheless, existing natural and clinical remedies have limited efficacy in the management of IS. Moreover, despite their millennial legacy of IS remediation, natural remedies such as ginseng incur high production costs. The novel glycopeptide APMCG-1, extracted from mountain-cultivated ginseng dregs in our previous study, is a potent therapeutic candidate for IS. This study investigated APMCG-1's remedial mechanisms against IS injury using an H2O2-induced oxidative stress paradigm in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) emulating ischemic endothelial cells, in a ponatinib-induced zebrafish IS model, and in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) prototypes. Cellular assays confirmed the proficiency of APMCG-1 in preventing oxidative stress and cell death, fostering regeneration, and facilitating neovascularization within the H2O2-stressed HUVECs framework. Moreover, APMCG-1 augmented hemodynamic velocity, oxidative stress mitigation, apoptosis reduction, and motor enhancement in a zebrafish model of IS. In MCAO rats, APMCG-1 ameliorated neurological deficits and cerebral injury, as evidenced by increased neurological scores and diminished infarct dimensions. In cells and animal models, APMCG-1 activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, modulating factors such as Nrf2, Bcl-2, Caspase 3, eNOS, and VEGFA, thereby ameliorating cellular oxidative distress and catalyzing angiogenesis. Collectively, these results demonstrate the potential protective effects of APMCG-1 in IS pharmacotherapy and its prospective utility as an herbal-derived IS treatment modality.

Mechanism of remediation of U(VI) contaminated simulated soil by AC‐nHAP gel microsphere as PRB combined electrokinetic technology

Mechanism of remediation of U(VI) contaminated simulated soil by AC‐nHAP gel microsphere as PRB combined electrokinetic technology