Remediation Activity Research Articles

Analisis Kegiatan Remedial untuk Siswa Kelas V-C Yang Mengalami Kesulitan Penjumlahan dan Pengurangan Pecahan Campuran Di SDN Rangkah I Surabaya

Students who experience difficulties in learning are the teacher's responsibility to overcome them, one action that can be taken is through providing remedial activities. This research aims to determine the steps, obstacles and solutions for implementing remedial activities by class V-C teachers for students who experience difficulties in adding and subtracting mixed fractions at SDN Rangkah I Surabaya. This research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the research show that the steps taken by the teacher include analysis of the results of the diagnosis of student difficulties based on test scores that are below the KKTP 60. Next, the teacher carries out remedial activity planning by arranging the day, date, time, method, media and questions that will be used . After careful planning, the teacher carried out remedial activities for four students who were experiencing difficulties and then assessed the results of the students' work. However, the implementation of remedial activities faces obstacles, such as taking a long time, the physical condition of students who are not enthusiastic, and differences in the characteristics of students' comprehension abilities. To overcome this obstacle, teachers maximize activity time, encourage students, and provide individual explanations to students who do not understand. The results of this research emphasize the importance of careful planning and approaches tailored to the characteristics of each student in remedial activities. Thus, remedial activities can be an effective solution in helping students overcome learning difficulties and achieve better learning outcomes.

Remedial Learning Implementation Through the Peer-Tutor Method in The Entrepreneurship Course

The global issue appears on the students' problem, especially in remedial learning.The purposes of this study are: (1) to describe the activities of lecturers in classroom management and remedial activities, (2) to describe the activities of students in peer-tutor learning method, (3) to describe students' learning mastery after having remedial activity with the peer-tutor method. The type of this research is action research, consisting of planning, action and observation, reflection, and revision. The action was given in three rounds in the classroom (Classroom Action Research). This research was conducted in STKIP PGRI Jombang, Economic Education Study Program. This research was conducted from August to September 2022. The subject of this research is 44 students of STKIP PGRI Jombang. The object of this study is Break-Even Point (BEP) material. Findings show that the average skill of the lecturer in managing the class and remedial activity in 3 rounds of Classroom Action Research is 3.29% which indicates that the lecturer has succeeded in improving students' achievement.

Recent progress of modified CeO2-based materials for photocatalytic environmental remediation and antibacterial activity

The rapid development of industrialization and urbanization has led to serious environmental pollution. As an environmentally friendly and sustainable energy source, solar-driven semiconductor photocatalysis has been widely applied in environmental remediation and antibacterial activity owing to its gentle reaction conditions. The use of CeO2-based nanomaterials in green energy production, CO2 conversion, pollutant degradation, and antibacterial is increasing. The photocatalytic performance of CeO2 can be enhanced by appropriate modification strategies that suppress the rapid recombination of electron-hole pairs. This paper provides a systematic introduction to various modification strategies for CeO2, and reviews the research progress of modified CeO2 materials in photocatalytic CO2 reduction, photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, heavy metal removal, photodegradation of organic pollutants, and antibacterial fields, finally offering perspectives on its future development direction.

EVALUASI PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM REMEDIAL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL FORMATIF-SUMATIF PADA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA KELAS V

The remedial is a learning system which is taken based on a comprehensive diagnosis referred to find what is necessary to the students. One of the remedial activity is called an improvement given to the students. SDN 47 Kota Jambi is one of the school that remedial program is applied. This research examines the implementation of remedial program on mathematic subject, obstacles to the implementation of remedial program, intentions, and the effectiveness of teaching remedial on mathematics. This research applies descriptive approach. Interview, observation, and documentation were used to collect data. Interactive analysis model are connected with four interrelated components such as data collection, data reduction, data presentment and conclusion. These four criteria were used as validity data checking: level of credence, diversions, dependence, and the level of certainty. The results of this research have shown that (1) The implementation of remedial formative and summative program in SD 47 Kota Jambi has been accomplished as well. The school is also support the implementation of this program. As for the parents, the remedial program means giving a chance to the students to improve their mark. (2) This research found that student’s character, family, and society are the problems in the implementation of remedial program. As for the teachers, it is quite difficult to set the implementation time whereas as for the students, they are facing difficulties when dealing with narrative text, have lack of attention to the subject explained by the teacher and some of them are less-prepared when facing the remedial. (3) This remedial program has produced students who are diligent and built confident within themselves, getting more and more accurate when they have to dealing with their task and problems. (4) Still there are some improvements that needs to be achieved such as they are not develop their attitude and habits that encourage the sense of self-studious and confidence. Thus, sometimes they did not do their homework given by their teacher. (5) Remedial teaching on mathematics is very effective and brings good effect to the students both in school and home. Keyword : program evaluation, remedial, formative-summative model

Effects of Remedial Activities on Students’ Competences in Mathematics Subjects in Public Secondary Schools in Rwanda: A Case of Ngororero District

This study aimed to assess the impact of remedial activities on students' mathematics competences in public secondary schools in Ngororero District, Rwanda. This study aimed to assess the impact of remedial activities on students' mathematics competences in public secondary schools in Ngororero District, Rwanda. The research used both quantitative and qualitative approaches, with 117 respondents, including students, teachers, the dean of study, and head teachers. The study used purposive sampling and simple random sampling to select teachers and students. Data collection methods include questionnaires and interviews. Instruments used to collect data were questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative data was analyzed using statistical methods such as SPSS 2021 and Microsoft Excel. Therefore, tabulation with frequency tables, graphs, and percentages was adopted. The findings indicate that digital numeracy is the most commonly used remedial activity by teachers in Ngororero District, Rwanda. A majority of respondents agree that digital numeracy is used to develop competencies such as critical thinking. Additionally, the study identifies the level of students' competences required in mathematics in Ngororero District, Rwanda, which includes creativity, innovation, critical thinking, problem-solving, and cooperation and collaboration. The study also highlights the importance of cooperation and life skills in the teaching and learning process. Teachers use digital numeracy to provide learners with access to graphs, tables, and charts related to their mathematical course. Collaboration and life skills are also used to facilitate learners' discovery in the mathematics subject. The researcher recommends implementing remedial activities that are suitable for the learners, ensuring that the remedial activities are suitable for their needs.

A Review on Green Route Synthesized Nickel Nanoparticles: Biological and Photo-catalytic Applications

Researchers have focused their efforts on nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles due to their particular uses in a range of domains, including photocatalysis and antibacterial activity. As a result, numerous research projects utilising green synthesis approaches based on physical, chemical, and plant extracts have recently been published. Because they are affordable, biocompatible, and simple to scale up, plant extract-based green methods have been regarded as a good substitute to other approaches to the production of nanoparticles because they completely do away with the need for additional stabilising agents. In addition to a number of vitamins, plant extracts include significant amounts of phenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, and other phytochemicals. These phytochemicals serve as reducing, capping, and stabilising agents during the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles from their corresponding precursors. Because of these unique properties of phytochemicals, nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles have been effectively produced using green synthesis techniques using extracts of plant parts such as bark, roots,and leaves, among others. This review provides an overview of recent studies on the synthesis of nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles from plant extracts and plant parts. The benefits of nickel nanoparticles in a range of applications, such as photocatalytic water contamination remediation and antibacterial activity, are highlighted in this paper with particular emphasis.

Responses of native freshwater mussels to remediation to remove polychlorinated biphenyl‐contaminated sediments in the upper Hudson River

Abstract The Hudson River, New York, was contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from two manufacturing plants over a period of approximately 30 years, and PCBs are still present in sediment and biota today. The river provides habitat for a variety of plants and animals, including native freshwater mussels. A remediation programme, consisting of dredging followed by the placement of backfilled sediment and/or a subaqueous cap, was initiated in 2009 to remove PCB‐contaminated sediments, and managers were concerned about how remediation could affect the mussels. Quantitative surveys were conducted across nine reaches (pools) to estimate species composition, density, population size, population structure, and ecosystem services of mussel assemblages, pre‐ and post‐remediation. Surveys were stratified into remediated areas (targeted for dredging) and non‐remediated areas (not targeted for dredging). Pre‐remediation, the river contained a low diversity, and high, but variable, density of mussels that were strongly dominated by Elliptio complanata. The presence of few fresh dead mussels indicates low natural mortality. Frequent recruitment by many species, varied length classes, and high biomass also support robust assemblages that perform important ecosystem services, such as biofiltration. Remedial activity removed most of the mussels and the associated services that they perform: their density was reduced by 83% and their filtration capacity was reduced by 93%, relative to non‐remediated areas. Areas that were remediated were almost devoid of adult mussels, but the presence of small mussels indicates that natural recolonization is occurring. However, it is unknown whether these assemblages will persist. As mussels are generally long lived and slow growing, natural recovery is anticipated to be slow, in the order of decades.

Successful Integration of UAV Aeromagnetic Mapping with Terrestrial Methane Emissions Surveys in Orphaned Well Remediation

Orphaned oil and gas wells represent an important environmental and economic development concern in areas where historical energy exploration and production activity pre-dated regulations on well abandonment documentation practices. From an economic development perspective, these wells pose a subsurface risk to infrastructure development, while the environmental impact of orphaned wells is largely associated with uncontrolled emissions of both fluids and gasses, most notably atmospheric methane. Often neglected in regulatory oversight, methane emissions from orphaned wells contribute to global greenhouse gas concentrations and without proper mitigation, these emissions contribute to and further exacerbate global climate change processes. An inherent challenge of remediation efforts targeting orphaned wells is the consistent observation that only a fraction of located and identified wells produce the majority of methane emissions, yet no methodology exists to effectively separate out heavy emitters without visiting and assessing each and every well. We demonstrate that emitting wells have certain defined characteristics largely pertaining to the presence and integrity of metal casing to the surface, which can be distinguished as an organized high intensity magnetic anomaly in low-altitude UAV-based aeromagnetic surveys. In this paper, we present a database of identified and ground-truthed wellsites correlated to their magnetic signatures and provide a roadmap to initial prioritization of wellsites for subsequent remediation activities that can be implemented in complex environments where other survey options are not feasible. In a regulatory environment where resources dedicated to wellsite remediation are limited, we propose implementing this methodology as a key element of a targeted approach to wellsite prioritization for subsequent remediation activity.

Synergistic mechanism of iron manganese supported biochar for arsenic remediation and enzyme activity in contaminated soil

This study prepared and characterized bamboo-derived biochar loaded with different ratios of iron and manganese; evaluated its remediation performance in arsenic-contaminated soil by studying the changes in various environmental factors, arsenic speciation, and arsenic leaching amount in the soil after adding different materials; proposed the optimal ratio and mechanism of iron–manganese removal of arsenic; and explained the multivariate relationship between enzyme activity and soil environmental factors based on biological information. Treatment with Fe–Mn-modified biochar increased the organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and N, P, K, and other nutrient contents. During the remediation process, O-containing functional groups such as Mn–O/As and Fe–O/As were formed on the surface of the biochar, promoting the transformation of As from the mobile fraction to the residual fraction and reducing the phytotoxicity of As, and the remediation ability for As was superior to that of Fe-modified biochar. Mn is indispensable in the FeMn-BC synergistic remediation of As, as it can increase the adsorption sites and the number of functional groups for trace metals on the surface of biochar. In addition to electrostatic attraction, the synergistic mechanism of ferromanganese-modified biochar for arsenic mainly involves redox and complexation. Mn oxidizes As(Ⅲ) to more inert As(V). In this reaction process, Mn(Ⅳ) is reduced to Mn(Ⅲ) and Mn(II), promoting the formation of Fe(Ⅲ) and the conversion of As into Fe–As complexes, while As is fixed due to the formation of ternary surface complexes. Moreover, the effect of adding Fe–Mn-modified biochar on soil enzyme activity was correlated with changes in soil environmental factors; catalase was correlated with soil pH; neutral phosphatase was correlated with soil organic matter; urease was correlated with ammonia nitrogen, and sucrase activity was not significant. This study highlights the potential value of FM1:3-BC as a remediation agent in arsenic-contaminated neutral soils.

Facile one-pot environmentally benign synthesis of graphene decorated hematite nanocomposites for environmental remediation, antibacterial and anticancer activity

Facile one-pot environmentally benign synthesis of graphene decorated hematite nanocomposites for environmental remediation, antibacterial and anticancer activity

Moringa oleifera seed based green synthesis of copper nanoparticles: Characterization, environmental remediation and antimicrobial activity

Textile dyes and heavy metals like hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] are considered major water pollutants. In addition, microbial contamination also seriously threatens potable water availability. The present study used Moringa oleifera seed aqueous extract to synthesize copper nanoparticles (MOS-CuNPs). MOS-CuNPs were characterized by various spectroscopy and microscopic techniques. MOS-CuNPs were shown to be effectual at removal of Cr(VI). The initial concentration of Cr(VI), contact time, pH, and temperature all impacted the removal of Cr(VI) by different concentrations of MOS-CuNPs. At low concentrations of MOS-CuNPs (0.3 mg/ml) pseudo-first order and high concentrations of MOS-CuNPs (0.4 and 0.5 mg/ml), pseudo-second order kinetics were obeyed. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that Cr(VI) was removed spontaneously, and the reaction was exothermic. In adsorption isotherm, equilibrium data followed Langmuir equation for Cr(VI) adsorption by MOS-CuNPs and maximum uptake capacity calculated was 38.6 mg/g. MOS-CuNPs efficiently removed cationic (rhodamine B, malachite green and methylene blue and) and anionic (congo red, titan yellow and methyl orange) dyes within 10 min of contact time. Further MOS-CuNPs showed antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Altogether, MOS-CuNPs could be used for environmental (water treatment) and biological applications.

A framework for information recovery of cementitious materials under long-term use

The lifetime of concrete and concrete structure is significantly longer compared to the ordinary industrial materials and products. During the lifecycle stages, various stakeholders take place and makes interventions to the structures. It is important to store all information necessary for such interventions. This information includes design documents and construction records at newly construction as well as the remedial activity records at the use stage. Although the importance of such information storage is emphasized in many studies and recommendations, the loss of such information is frequently observed for the concrete structures after long term use. Even the most basic information related to concrete material design, such as water-to-cement ratio, is frequently lost after long-term use of the concrete structures.Therefore, the framework and method to recover materials information is necessary to appropriately operate and maintain the structure for the long-term period. This paper presents a novel framework for realizing such information recovery of cementitious material using the multi-dimensional data-driven approach. First, the essence and advantage of obtaining the multi-dimensional data in comparison with single value approach was presented. First, different dependency of AC impedance |Z| and theta at different measurement frequencies was compared and use of this tendency for information recovery was discussed. Second, the accuracy of water-to-cement ratio estimation using the proposed system was compared between different available information. The proposed system exhibited some consistent estimation even when all information is not available, and exhibited good estimation accuracy when age is assumed known.

Preventive Role of Methanolic Extract of Ocimum sanctum L., Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze and Their Combined Formulation against Sublethal Concentration of Sodium Fluoride Exposed to Channa punctatus (Bloch.)

In the recent years, Fluoride has emerged as one of the most harmful pollutants in the world and its presence has been shown to negatively impact the quality of groundwater in many countries. According to World Health Organization (WHO), when its concentration exceeds 1.5 mg/L limit, it may cause threats to the health. Exposure to high concentrations of fluoride has been known to have deleterious effects on the biological system of human as well as other animals. Based on this background, a study has been conducted to show the effects of sodium fluoride induced toxicity in the freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch.). The fishes were exposed to sublethal doses of 25 ppm and 50 ppm of sodium fluoride for a period of 3 and 7 days. The damaging effects of sodium fluoride were manifested in the morphological, behavioural, haematological, biochemical and histological parameters of the fishes. The fishes were then further exposed to 100 mg/L of methanolic leaf extracts of tulsi, tea and a combined formulation of the two extracts to investigate the ameliorative properties in the revival of fluoride toxicity in the fishes. However, the results showed that the impact of toxicity caused by exposure to 25 ppm was much less pronounced as compared to 50 ppm of sodium fluoride. These effects were revealed to be effectively reduced by the addition of the plant extracts. Both the selected plant extracts showed positive results. However, their combined formula revealed the highest level of effectiveness in the remedial activity of fluoride induced toxicity.

Floristic Assessment of Natural Regeneration in an Enhanced Post-Remediated Hydrocarbon Impacted Land: A Window for Selection of Remediation Potential Native Macrophyte

Aim: The study was aimed at revealing the composition and demographic status of forest regeneration in a post remediatied hydrocarbon impacted site by enhanced natural attenuation.
 Study Design: A stratified systematic transect method was used to assess the regeneration status.
 Place and Duration of Study: Field sampling: in parts of Edovna vegetation landscape in Emohua Local Council area of Rivers State, Niger Delta, Nigeria and site remediation activity carried out for 10 weeks.
 Methodology: Site remediation treatment technique, Vegetation assessment, Regeneration Assessment and data analysis were carried out.
 Results: The hydrocarbon activities around the SPDC marginal oil field manifold in Emuoha study area negatively impacted the Edovna forest vegetation landscape at Umuobizu resulting to a retrogressively mosaic trend condition. However, following the p-RENA process a progressively secondary succession has resulted to such classified flora: as lowland secondary vegetation mosaic nature, with heterogeneous continuum in spatial and closed horizontal assemblage of structural arrangement. Several species of diverse life forms were found existing through diverse mode of regeneration. New species were found regenerating and were absent as adult. Greater mode of single level of regeneration than multiplier level of regeneration was exhibited among the recruits through coppicing, stolon, seedling, sapling, rhizome and tuber. The HG exhibited greater multiplier mode while HH had greater single mode of regeneration. The herbaceous recruits among the life forms revealed a secondary physiognomic unit, heterogeneous in nature as a result of the regeneration process with few regenerating shrubby recruits. A total of 115,549 seedlings and 7,825 saplings ha-1 of 96 recruits of 70 genera under 23 families were found in 800 m2 sampled site. The dominant family was Poaceae richest in species diversity (24 species). The phytosociological composition of recruits has recorded highest frequency (1675), abundance (621), density ha-1 (49,600), IVI (104.81), diversity richness (11.75) and evenness (5.96) with Herbaceous herb (HH) in highest number of regenerating recruits in the order (HH>HG>Sh>HCl>HS>ShCl>T) of habit forms. The Chamaephytes and Hemi-cryptophytes across diverse herbaceous life forms, Mesophanerophytes, Microphaneropytes, Nanophanerophytes and Hemi-cryptophytes across shrubby life forms and a megaphanerophyte tree life form were recorded among recruits. The percentage mode of regeneration had 40 recruits of herbaceous form that exhibited 12 multiplier and 4 single mode of regeneration respectively. Four shrubby recruits exhibited 2 multiplier and 13 recruits exhibited 2 single mode of regeneration.
 Conclusion: The demographic status of regeneration revealed a greater seedling density than sapling density thus implying a successful and new regeneration which through protection of natural regeneration can return back to it complete forest cover again. It can be deduced in this present study that the success of natural regeneration depends on both the demographic status and rate of establishment of natural recruits which was maximal at the p-RENA landscape of the study site across the herbaceous, tree and shrubby recruits in the present study.

Behavioral (non-chemical) addictions and COVID-19

The review examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence, manifestation, as well as the possibility of preventing and treating behavioral (non-chemical) addictions. Particular attention is paid to various manifestations of Internet addiction (IA): gaming, gambling, cybersexual and food addiction (FA). During the pandemic, Internet use increased significantly, leading to an increase in IA, mainly due to gaming, which correlated with the level of psychosocial problems. The increase in gambling occurred mainly in individuals with addiction or risk groups, while in the population the frequency of gambling decreased or did not change. Immediately after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of requests to porn sites increased dramatically, suggesting an increase in cybersex addiction. However, longitudinal studies in adolescents show a slight decrease in the interest in pornography in boys, and an increase from an initially low level in girls. The proportion of eating disorders and FA significantly increased. An increase in FA was associated with depression, anxiety, and also in obese individuals. In the era of COVID-19 prevention practices and general remedial activity should take into account the needs of the general population, emphasizing the importance of self-regulating and balanced lifestyles with moderate and sensible Internet use during the pandemic.

Reactive oxygen species for therapeutic application: Role of piezoelectric materials.

This perspective article emphasizes the significant role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in in vivo remedial therapy of various diseases and complications, capitalizing on their potential reactivity. Among the various influencers, herein, piezoelectric materials driven ROS generation activity is primarily considered. Intrinsic non-centrosymmetry of piezoelectric materials makes them suitable for distinct dipole formation in the presence of external mechanical stimuli. Such characteristics prompt the positioning of opposite charged carriers to execute associated redox transformations that effectively participate to generate ROS in the aqueous media of the cell cytoplasm, organelles and nucleus. The immense reactivity of piezoelectric material driven ROS is fostered to terminate cellular toxicity or curtail tumor cell growth, due to their higher specificity. This perspective considers the conjugated performance of piezoelectric materials and ultrasound which can remotely generate electrical charges that promote ROS production for therapeutic application. In particular, a substantial synopsis is provided for the remedial activity of numerous piezocatalytic materials in tumor cell apoptosis, antibacterial treatment, dental care and neurological disorders. Subsequently, the report precisely demonstrates the methods involving various spectrophotometric approaches for the analysis of the ROS. Finally, the key challenges of piezoelectric material-based therapy are discussed and systematic future progress is outlined.

Physicochemical and biological assessment of legacy waste for application as soil conditioner.

The study examines the recycling potential of fine fraction obtained from dumpsites for potential application as a soil conditioner. Legacy waste was excavated from Mulund dumpsite located in Mumbai, India, and < 4mm fraction (fine fraction) was collected and tested for essential compost parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, total organic carbon (TOC), primary nutrients, and heavy metals. Further, the impact of fine fraction on plant growth was studied using phytotoxicity and vegetation test. The results show that except for TOC, fine fraction meets most of the physicochemical characteristics standard prescribed for Indian MSW-based compost. The fine fraction had significant nutrient content, i.e., 0.81% (N), 0.27% (P as P2O5), and 0.55% (K as K2O), compared to local soil and meets the Indian MSW-based compost standards, except for phosphorous. However, the total heavy metals in fine fraction exceeded the standard limits for chromium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc. The germination index of tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum) for the fine fraction extract was more than that of the control for aged fine fraction (> 5years old), whereas inhibition was observed for fine fraction less than 3years old. The vegetation test on Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) showed that the fine fraction amended soil had a 53-56% increase in biomass yield compared to soil. Based on the characteristics of fine fraction, different potential applications, such as fertilizer, soil enricher, or substrate for remediation activity, are identified; however, caution will be desired on a case-to-case basis.

Facile Synthesis of Magnetic Iron-Based Nanoparticles from the Leach Solution of Hyperaccumulator Plant Pinus brutia for the Antibacterial Activity and Colorimetric Detection of Ascorbic Acid.

It has been well known that metallic nanoparticles with striking properties possess wide application prospects in the processes of colorimetric detection, catalysis, disease diagnosis and treatment, energy, wastewater treatment, remediation, and antibacterial activity in recent years. Herein, iron-based nanoparticles (FeNPs), metallic nanoparticles, were synthesized via a facile chemical reduction method using a hyperaccumulator plant. Also, their use in antibacterial activity applications and colorimetric ascorbic acid (AA) detection was investigated. It was observed that FeNPs presented high antibacterial potency against Gram-positive bacteria of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus and also Gram-negative bacteria of Escherichia coli(O157: H7), E. coli(ATCC 25922), Salmonella enteritidis, and Salmonella typhimurium. Moreover, it was found that FeNPs exhibited superior peroxidase-like activity to catalyze the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to produce a blue color product, oxidized TMB (oxTMB), in the presence of H2O2. The colorimetric AA detection could be carried out by making the solution color lighter owing to the antioxidant property of AA. The quantitative detection of AA could be performed simply, selectively, and sensitively with FeNPs with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.5462 μM in a linear range of 30-200 μM.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Remedial Action of Biogenic p-Ag Nanoparticles

In the present study, the silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated using pakhoi (p), a traditional alcoholic beverage popularly used in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand that has been known to possess significant antimicrobial activity properties. Different physicochemical techniques were used to characterize p-Ag NPs. The results confirm the synthesis of crystalline p-Ag NPs having a nearly spherical shape with a net positive charge. Further, p-Ag NPs exhibit strong antibacterial activity against Gram -ve bacteria. Moreover, a detailed study will be beneficial to understanding and exploiting the biomedical application and environmental remediation activity of the p-Ag NPs.

TOPICAL LEARNING PARADIGMS FOR ONLINE EDUCATION

Affordances of information-communication technology enable faculty to migrate the face-to-face courses into an online environment within a rapid time frame. Leaning problems are approached from varied theoretical perspectives. An eclectic approach to teaching and learning could combine a traditional educational perspective with the perspectives of constructivism, social constructivism, sociocultural theory and experientialism. The vital factors in online education are teacher guidance, collaboration with peers, social interaction, language, culture, the structured activity of instruction, teaching methods, assessment of the evolving cognitive capacities in students, feedback, remedial activity, changing environment, recurring patterns, memorization and rote learning. The teacher is a facilitator in the learning process. The learner is active in gaining knowledge. Mediation between the learner and the material to be learned is carried out through the teacher and organized learning activity. Discourse is an educational focus. Thought is seen as internalized discourse. Reality is a personal concept as every person constructs their own version of reality. Knowledge is a social construct. Social and individual processes are interdependent in the construction of knowledge. Meaning and thought are embodied. People are not free to think anything as the same neural and cognitive mechanisms are involved in perception, movement, conceptualization and reasoning.