Remedial Work Research Articles

TECHNOLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS (FORMATION DAMAGE) DURING CO2 INJECTION FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY. PART 3. PREVENTING AND REPAIRING FORMATION DAMAGE CAUSED BY CO2 INJECTION

The article considers technological complications arising during CO2 injection for enhanced oil recovery, with a focus on the formation of asphaltenes in the pore space and their negative impact on production efficiency. Formation of asphaltene solids in the reservoir leads to an increase in the skin factor, their removal to the wells, accumulation in the wellbore and on the surface of the equipment, which reduces oil flow to the well and requires expensive remedial work. Methods of identification and monitoring of asphaltene deposits are considered. Results of laboratory studies confirming the difficulty of quantitative assessment of asphaltene deposition are given, as well as practical examples of application of various technologies for their prevention and removal. Methods including the use of inhibitors and dispersants and the use of aromatic solvents to restore reservoir properties are reviewed. It also emphasises the need for continuous monitoring of field operations and the development of effective asphaltene management methods, which is critical to improving the economic feasibility of CO2 injection projects.

Dynamics of 137Cs concentrations in cow milk in the districts of Bryansk region

The publication continues the series of research addressed to the dynamics of 137Cs concentrations in agricultural products after the Chernobyl accident. The purpose of the present paper was to analyze the data describing the changes of 137Cs concentrations in cow milk. The information on countermeasures in animal breeding is presented, the system of radiological monitoring of milk contamination is described. It is shown that the dynamics of 137Cs concentrations in milk was seriously affected by the implementation of agrotechnical and veterinary measures. Effective half-lives of 137Cs concentrations in milk in the first period after the accident (1987-1992) ranged from 1 to 2.0 years. In the subsequent period (1991-2015), the reduction of milk contamination slowed down and the half-lives ranged from 5 to 25 years depending on the scope of remediation works and 137Cs aging in the soil.

Visible damp in a child’s bedroom is associated with increased respiratory morbidity in early life: a multicentre cohort study

ObjectiveHousehold damp exposure is an important public health issue. We aimed to assess the impact of the location of household damp on respiratory outcomes during early life.MethodsHousehold damp exposure was...

Development of Model and Graphical User Interface for Leak Localization in Crude Oil Pipeline

Pipelines provide the most efficient and cost-effective means for fluid transport but the challenge posed by leaks has substantially increased the risks and hazards in pipeline fluid transportation. The development of efficient leak detection system pays off in quicker leak detection and localization, leading to quicker responses and remediation works by the pipeline emergency response team. This would ultimately bring about less severity of the pipeline leak in terms of financial losses, human and environmental consequences. Steady state modeling of crude oil pipeline flow with attempt to determine and localize leak has been achieved in this study. Mathematical models have been developed to detect and localize leaks in crude oil pipeline during leak occurrence. Leak detection was modeled using the conservation of mass equation while leak localization was modeled by modifying the Darcy-Weisbach pipeline liquid flow equations and utilizing the Swamee-Jain friction factor correlation. Equations for flowrate and pressure drop along the pipeline were developed for two cases: a case where there is no leak in the pipeline and a case where there is leak in the pipeline. Leak localization equation was determined by equating the fluid flow equation when there is no leak and when there is leak. The model was structured and simulated in Matlab software with the model tested for four field cases. The results from the simulation revealed swift leak detection, accurate localization of the leak, and determination of the pressure at the point of leak. Experimentally determined results from actual field measurements of leak incidences were used to validate the results. The result determined from the model developed proved accurate with only an average error of 0.216 miles.

Reinforced autoclaved aerated concrete : The history and development of the product, its characteristics, uses and shortcomings

The media frenzy following the sudden closure of several schools in the summer of 2023 drew attention to the use of reinforced autoclaved aerated concrete (RAAC) in many public buildings in the UK, in turn spawning political debate as to why remedial action had not been taken sooner, whether chronic underinvestment was to blame, or whether successive governments had systematically cut corners by using cheap and short-life materials. Throughout this period the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) and other professional institutions attempted to maintain a reasoned approach based upon factual analysis and developing knowledge as to the long-term performance of RAAC and the practical implications of its use. Despite poor experiences in the UK, RAAC has been, and still is, used extensively throughout Europe, the Americas and the Far East seemingly without the litany of failures identified in this country. This paper attempts to explain the history and development of the product, its characteristics, uses and shortcomings. Comment will be given on survey methodology, risk assessment and remedial works along with potential legal implications for surveyors and other practitioners.

Influence of Remedial Classes on Students' Learning Outcomes in Public Secondary Schools in Rwanda, a Case of Kamonyi District, Rwanda

Main purpose of this paper was based on assessment of the influence of remedial classes on students learning outcomes in public secondary schools in Rwanda, a case of Kamonyi District, Rwanda. This research was supported with system theory and Constructivism learning theory. The researcher used descriptive research design and the participants was students, headteachers and teachers. All respondents was 223 from the population of 504.The participants was chosen by using different methods where researcher used simple random sampling for teachers and students while purposive sampling for headteachers. Researchers used questionnaires and interviews to gather student feedback, revealing positive perceptions of these classes. Students also found the materials used in remedial sessions helpful, with 90.6% agreeing that they supported their learning. However, 39.4% felt that motivation could be improved, and some students remained neutral about the effectiveness of the materials. The Pearson Correlation coefficient of 0.928indicates a very strong positive correlation between participation in remedial classes and students' learning outcomes. This high value suggests that as students engage more in remedial classes, their academic performance significantly improves. . The R value of 0.928 indicates a very strong correlation, while the R Square value of 0.861 reveals that 86.1% of the variance in students' learning outcomes can be attributed to their participation in remedial classes. This highlights the significant predictive power of the model, showing that the majority of the academic improvements among students can be explained by their engagement in remedial classes. remedial programs. The government of Rwanda should increase funding and resources allocated to remedial education in public secondary schools and provide additional financial support, schools will be better equipped to create sustainable and effective remedial programs. The Ministry of Education (MINEDUC) should prioritize the integration of remedial programs into the national curriculum framework. Headteachers should also monitor the progress of students in remedial classes and work closely with teachers to identify areas for improvement.

Comprehensive evaluation of the distribution, transport and ecological risk of heavy metals in intra-urban river sediments using high-resolution techniques

Determining the distribution trends, transport mechanisms, and ecological risks of heavy metals (HMs) in urban river sediments is essential for the government to conduct appropriate remediation work. In this study, we collected sediment cores from the Yayao Waterway in Foshan City, China. The vertical distribution profiles of dissolved and labile Fe, Mn, Cd, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, As, and Co in the sediments were obtained using the thin-film diffusive gradient (DGT) and high-resolution peeper (HR-Peeper) techniques. In addition, the transport rates, contamination levels, and ecological concerns of the HMs were evaluated using the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction technique, the DGT-induced sediment fluxes (DIFS) model, and multiple contamination evaluation metrics. The results showed that most of the DGT-labile HMs were associated with Fe/Mn (hydrogen) oxides, and in particular, Zn, Ni, and Cr showed a significant negative correlation with Fe/Mn (p < 0.001). Additionally, Cd had the highest bioavailability (89.17%), and its net diffusive flux at the sediment–water interface (SWI) was positive, which indicated a high release risk from the sediment. However, the R-value of Cd based on the DGT-induced sediment fluxes (DIFS) operation was extremely low, suggesting that although Cd had the biggest supply pool of releases, its release rate was slow. The majority of sampling sites had significantly higher total HM contents in the surface sediments than the background values. The HM contamination in the sediments originated from human activities, primarily from industrial enterprises and with a large contribution from both agricultural and domestic sources. The most polluted HM with the highest ecological danger was Cd, followed by Cu, Zn, Ni, and As when the results of the four pollution evaluation indicators were combined. Consequently, the risk of contamination by HMs in inner-city river sediments should receive more attention.

Analysis of water inrush of a deep excavation triggered by river bank failure and its reconstruction

Many deep excavation projects are adjacent to river, and hence face the seepage risk. In this study, a through-wall seepage failure of a foundation pit adjacent to river is investigated. It is found that, the accident was initiated by the breakage of revetment along the construction joint and cracks of rubble stone masonry, which further caused the slope failure of river bank and the subsequent seepage of river water through the cold joint of waterproof curtain. The remedial works including construction of cofferdam in the river, backfill outside the foundation pit, reinforcement of cold joint, backfill inside the foundation pit, controllable dewatering outside the foundation pit and axial force adjustment of struts are designed. The monitoring results indicate effective implementation of the remedial works and the following successful reconstruction of the project. A summary of reported seepage failure cases adjacent to river is finally made to provide suggestions for the design and construction of future similar deep excavation projects.

Accounts, Accountability and Remedial Work in Error Cascades

Accounts, Accountability and Remedial Work in Error Cascades

Analisis Kegiatan Remedial untuk Siswa Kelas V-C yang Mengalami Kesulitan Penjumlahan dan Pengurangan Pecahan Campuran Di SDN Rangkah I Surabaya

Students who experience difficulties in learning are the teacher's responsibility to overcome the problems faced by students. One of the actions that teachers can take to help students with learning difficulties is through providing remedial activities. The purpose of this research is to find out the steps, obstacles and solutions to the problems of class V-C teachers in implementing remedial activities for students who experience difficulty adding and subtracting mixed fractions at SDN Rangkah I Surabaya. This research uses a method with a descriptive qualitative approach. This research uses data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation techniques. The results of this research are 1). The teacher's steps in implementing remedial activities are that the teacher analyzes the results of the diagnosis of student difficulties by referring to student test scores that are below the KKTP score of 60. Next, by planning remedial activities, the teacher arranges the day, date, time, method, media and prepares the questions that will be created for the activity. remedial. After everything has been carefully planned for remedial activities, the next step is for the teacher to carry out remedial activities for four students who are experiencing difficulties. Next, after carrying out the remedial activities, the teacher assesses the results of the remedial work for each student who took part in the remedial activities. 2). The obstacles for teachers in implementing remedial activities are that they require quite a long time, the physical condition of students is not enthusiastic and the differences in the characteristics of students' comprehension abilities. 3). The teacher's solution to the obstacles in implementing remedial activities is that the teacher maximizes the time for remedial activities, the teacher always provides encouragement in every implementation of remedial activities and the teacher explains again to students who do not understand the explanation individually.

Electrical resistivity tomography of a masonry bridge: assessing water infiltration on Prebends Bridge, Durham, UK

ABSTRACT Non-invasive imaging methods are a useful tool in informing conservation actions for historical buildings. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) is widely used in geophysics to image the subsurface but has been seldom used for non-invasive imaging of small-scale masonry structures. Here, we propose an adaptation of the method allowing non-damaging investigation of larger-scale stone structures. We report results of an ERT survey of Prebends Bridge in Durham, a heritage masonry structure constructed in 1778. Our assessment is based on data acquired on the paved top surface of the bridge, which is subsequently modelled and inverted with the use of open-source software. Final images of the internal structure of the bridge reveal areas of lower electrical resistivity, that we interpret as representing regions of water saturation. Locations of low resistivity areas are in good agreement with the structural defects and patches of seepage observed externally. These results will help inform remediation work, to preserve this historical structure from further water damage. In future studies, time-lapse imaging may help to highlight water pathways unambiguously (through comparison of dry/wet periods), while additional electrode arrays installed on the sides/base of the structure could be used to better constrain 3D internal structure.

Comparison and analysis of discharge standards of rural domestic sewage in different regions

China rural habitat remediation work has made significant progress. As part of this effort, various regions have implemented rural sewage treatment pollutant discharge standards, taking into account their unique economic foundations, management levels, and characteristics of rural sewage discharge. A comparative analysis of the rural domestic sewage discharge standards in the southeastern and northwestern regions of China reveals that these standards primarily consider the water environment quality of the receiving water bodies. However, there are substantial variations in pollutant concentration limits for rural sewage discharged in different regions. This research aims to guide the transition of rural sewage treatment from high-standard discharge to resource utilization. Additionally, it seeks to provide valuable insights for the selection of sewage treatment technologies, models, and governance strategies in different regions of China.

FEATURES OF THE USE OF TECHNICAL MEANS IN THE REMEDIAL WORK WITH PERSONS WITH STUTTERING

The scientific and methodological article considers the problem of using technical means to correct stuttering. The existing approaches to speech therapy work using traditional methods were analyzed as well as the peculiarities of the implementation of acoustic devices. The method of rhythmization as an effective means of overcoming stuttering is considered in detail and the features of its use are determined. Based on the results of the research, it was concluded that modern technical devices allow designing fundamentally new pedagogical technologies. Specialists in special education direct these technologies to the activation and effective functioning of compensatory mechanisms, the formation and development of speech activity of persons with stuttering. The purpose of the study is to analyze the existing approaches to speech therapy work using traditional methods and to outline the role of technical acoustic means in the process of speech correction. The use of technical means in remedial work with persons with speech disorders is a challenge of the times, which reflects progressive changes in the scientific and technical sphere and improves the effectiveness of logocorrective work for various mental and physical disorders. Technical means allow for remedial and developmental work to overcome stuttering, and their implementation requires compliance with certain conditions: compliance of the special software with the computer configuration; use of methodically justified and tested technical means and programs; ensuring the optimal load regime; complex influence in the process of correction of group classes and individual consultations; creation of a comfortable psycho-emotional environment; the use of modern remedial technologies and their differentiated use, taking into account the individual characteristics of a patient. We see the prospect of further research in the development of methods of using information and communication technologies in remedial work with persons with severe speech disorders.

A Moorland dam: remedial grouting works

Dam T was constructed around 1880 as a water supply to Greater Manchester and is a category A impounding reservoir, comprising an earth embankment with a central puddle clay core and storage capacity of approximately 934 000 m3. It is one of the earliest dams constructed by Bateman and lies in a cascade of three reservoirs. As part of United Utilities portfolio risk assessment an Internal Erosion Toolbox, flood and slope stability studies were undertaken. These identified the reservoir's primary failure mechanism as internal erosion through the embankment, presenting an unacceptable risk. To confirm the conclusions and target a potential solution a Willowstick survey suggested a compromised central core. This paper summarises the grouting works undertaken to remediate the potential core defect in a constrained and environmentally sensitive site. It highlights the benefits of collaborative working, supported by specialist contractors, the qualified civil engineer and catchment teams, the use of innovative techniques and lessons learnt from previous projects as well as the challenges presented by the proximity of the public and nesting birds. A total of 322 980 litres of grout was carefully injected with the works completed two months ahead of programme and significantly below predicted costs.

School Counsellors’ Professional Practice in Health Promotion, Prevention and Remedial Work in Swedish Schools

According to the Swedish Education Act, schools in Sweden must provide comprehensive student health services to foster an inclusive and conducive learning environment, promoting students’ well-being and knowledge development. As part of a multi-professional team, school counsellors are essential in achieving these goals. However, national guidance lacks details on the role of school counsellors in health promotion, prevention and remedial efforts. This study addresses this knowledge gap by examining aspects of school counsellors’ professional work using theories of professions. Open-ended answers in a survey distributed to school counsellors in Sweden were analysed through content analysis. Findings show that remedial work primarily focuses on individual students’ social issues through conversation-based interventions. Preventive work targets groups and the broader school environment, often involving tasks like policy development. Health promotion work stands out with its educational component, where school counsellors are involved in Life Competence Education, often in collaboration with other school professionals.

A40 Brecon bypass landslide: investigation, remediation and asset management for climate resilience

During February 2020, a 300 m 3 slope failure occurred within a trunk road earthwork at Brecon, Wales, leading to the initial closure of all four lanes of the dual carriageway. As part of Welsh Government's strategy for climate resilient infrastructure and in accordance with the CD622 Managing Geotechnical Risk framework, the site investigation commenced in 2020 and proceeded through various phases to the completion of remedial works in 2022. This paper discusses the approach to management of geotechnical risk for the scheme, from desk study through implementation of an on-slope ground investigation and interim risk mitigation, to design and implementation of the remedial measures. The paper describes the nature and trigger of the landslide case study, adaptations in the design phase to provide resilience to geohazards and future climatic conditions, the constraints that were overcome during the site works and measures taken to manage residual risk and ensure ease of maintenance. Thematic collection: This article is part of the Geo-resilience and infrastructure collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/geo-resilience-and-infrastructure

Insights into Deformation and Mechanism of a Reactivated Landslide Occurrence from Multi-Source Data: A Case Study in Li County, China

The investigation of reactivated landslides in the alpine-canyon areas suffers the difficult accessibility of precipitous terrain. In particular, when reactivated landslides occur along the major roads, efforts are focused on measuring ground surface displacements during road construction. Nevertheless, the ancient landslide deposits may reactivate after several years of road operation, while they show a stable state during the road construction. The characterization of this type of reactivated landslides is challenging, due to their complex mechanism and the limited monitoring data. Appropriate multi-source data can provide insights into deformation fields and enhance the understanding of landslide mechanisms, ensuring the outperformance of remedial works. This paper reports a recent Tangjiawan reactivated landslide along the Wenchuan-Maerkang Highway in Li County, China. The outcomes, including satellite InSAR, in situ real-time monitoring, and detailed ground and UAV investigation, conducted at this landslide are presented. Early deformation of the reactivated landslide began from 2019, with an InSAR-derived velocity of −11.7 mm/year, furthermore, a significant subsidence of about 21.2 mm, which occurred within a span of only 12 days from 3 June 2020 to 15 June 2020, was observed. The deformation characteristics derived from in situ monitoring during the remedial works were likely firstly associated with the initial unreinforced slope condition and the heavy rainfall. Subsequently, the displacement evolution transformed into deformation induced by time-dependent reduction in slope strength under rainfall conditions. The existing of unconsolidated deposits derived from ancient landslides, along with a fragile geo-structure consisting of rock blocks and gravels interlayered with breccias, exacerbated by large relief created a predisposition for landslide reactivation. Furthermore, 13 days of antecedent cumulative rainfall totaling 224.5 mm directly triggered the occurrence of a landslide event. The significance and implications of integrating multiple monitoring techniques are emphasized.

Swedish school counsellors − demographics, professional practices, educational background and working life history

ABSTRACT This article presents findings from a survey conducted on all school counsellors in Sweden. The focus of the article is on Swedish school counsellors’ demographics, professional practice, educational background, working life history and professional autonomy. The survey was web-based and contained 91 questions of both quantitative and qualitative nature. The results show that Swedish school counsellors are predominantly experienced female social workers with academic education in social work and several years’ experience of social work in areas other than school. Employment as a school counsellor is not an entry-level job. The professional practice of Swedish school counsellors predominately focus on remedial work with individual students. Their professional practice focus to a lesser extent on preventive and health promoting work despite the prominent position that preventive and health promoting work are given in the Swedish school act and in the national guidelines. The professional focus of Swedish school counsellors raises questions whether the emphasis on individual remedial work is to be interpreted as a lack of organizational awareness and resources, or if it is an expression of a professional ‘heritage’ from school counsellors prior experience of professional social work within other welfare areas were remedial work are custom. We argue that the focus on remedial work makes it valid to describe the character of Swedish school counsellors’ professional practice as a reflection of Swedish social services in general.

Dreaming of Cydalise: Chimeras, disfiguration, translation

AbstractThis essay argues that translation, next to other kinds of language ferrying, can be profitably seen as remedial work. To make this point, I discuss five attempts at poetising ‘Cydalise’, a chimera dreamed into being by Théophile Gautier (1811–1872). After introducing it, I investigate three of Gautier's failed textualisations of this chimera and the resulting early tokens of literary chinoiserie and literary pastel. I then explore the disfigurations Cydalise suffers at the hands of Romanian writer Vasile Alecsandri (1821–1890) as he appropriates, refashions and explodes chinoiserie (and distorts pastel) in his endeavour to capture Gautier's ‘dream in its reality’. I next trace the translatorial moves Chinese poet Shao Xunmei (1906–1968) enacts finally to transport Cydalise into text, as he also pays discreet homage to the powers of translation. I conclude by giving firmer contours to the hypertextual landscape I imagine, which equally welcomes originals, translations and everything in between.

Selected methods for determining inconclusively identifiable shorelines of watercourses and lakes

Abstract The determination of a lake or natural watercourse shoreline is the subject of various administrative proceedings relating to, among others, the engineering of riverbeds, construction of hydro-technical facilities, remediation work, land division, or delimitation of parcels. The provisions of law, while laying out the rules for determining shorelines, do not explicitly specify the measurement method to follow. All the more so, as many shores of lakes and watercourses are among terrain details that are difficult to measure due to their varied accessibility, which depends on the terrain, vegetation, and water conditions. The purpose of this paper is to compare selected methods for determining the shoreline of watercourses and lakes in terms of their applicability under different environmental conditions under current legislation. This study comprises an assessment of the suitability of the applied methods of shoreline measurement under varying field conditions and their applicability in surveying work on shoreline determination. Surveys were conducted on 3 reservoirs and one watercourse using geodetic, photogrammetric, and remote sensing techniques, and the suitability of the various methods was evaluated with respect to the field conditions of the measurements.