Remazol Yellow RR Research Articles

Adsorption, Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Reactive Dyes on Chitosan Treated Cotton Fabric

The adsorption performance, kinetics, and thermodynamic parameters of reactive dyes on chitosan-treated cotton fabric are described in this research. The batch experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of pH, time, temperature, dye concentration, and material to liquid ratio of Remazol Red RR and Remazol Yellow RR, two widely used reactive dyes. The adsorption of red and yellow dyes was observed at λmax 517 and 419 nm respectively. For both Remazol Red RR and Remazol Yellow RR reactive dyes with starting dye concentrations of 0.0667 and 40 mg/L, the greatest dye adsorption was reported at pH 11 (0.0009 and 0.1284 mg/g) and pH 4 (0.0004 and 0.1038 mg/g). The adsorption performance was investigated using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption behaviours of the two reactive dyes closely matched to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm (R2>0.98) than Freundlich isotherm (R2>0.92). The pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2>0.99) was followed by the dyeing kinetics of modified cotton sample. Thermodynamic investigation was covered with enthalpy change (ΔH⁰), Gibbs free energy (ΔG⁰) and entropy change (ΔS⁰) where all the values were reported positive confirming that the adsorption process was non-spontaneous, endothermic and the higher affinity of reactive dye on chitosan treated cotton.

Adsorption, Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Reactive Dyes on Chitosan Treated Cotton Fabric

The adsorption performance, kinetics, and thermodynamic parameters of reactive dyes on chitosan-treated cotton fabric are described in this research. The batch experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of pH, time, temperature, dye concentration, and material to liquid ratio of Remazol Red RR and Remazol Yellow RR, two widely used reactive dyes. The adsorption of red and yellow dyes was observed at λmax 517 and 419 nm respectively. For both Remazol Red RR and Remazol Yellow RR reactive dyes with starting dye concentrations of 0.0667 and 40 mg/L, the greatest dye adsorption was reported at pH 11 (0.0009 and 0.1284 mg/g) and pH 4 (0.0004 and 0.1038 mg/g). The adsorption performance was investigated using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption behaviours of the two reactive dyes closely matched to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm (R2>0.98) than Freundlich isotherm (R2>0.92). The pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2>0.99) was followed by the dyeing kinetics of modified cotton sample. Thermodynamic investigation was covered with enthalpy change (ΔH⁰), Gibbs free energy (ΔG⁰) and entropy change (ΔS⁰) where all the values were reported positive confirming that the adsorption process was non-spontaneous, endothermic and the higher affinity of reactive dye on chitosan treated cotton.

Green Synthesis of Nb2O5 Nanoparticles and Photodegradation of Remazol Yellow RR Dye

Synthesis of nanoparticles by the recently developed green approach is extremely promising because of its non-toxicity and environmentally friendly nature. In present investigation, Nb2O5 nanoparticles were prepared by environmental friendly way from niobium ethaoxide using Aloe Vera leaf pulp. The synthesis of Nb2O5 nanoparticles was confirmed by systematic characterization using XRD, EDX, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurements and FTIR studies. The removal efficiency of Remazol yellow RR dye over the as synthesized Nb2O5 nanoparticles as a photocatalyst was determined along with emphasizing on the parameters of initial dye concentration, catalyst loading and pH. For the photocatalytic degradation of Remazol yellow RR dye solutions pH was varied in the range of 2 to 9. For the optimization, the maximum decolorization of 95 % was observed in 120 min for low initial dye concentration of 30 mg/L for 1.5 g/L of Nb2O5 photocatalyst. Besides, the effects of oxidant species and scavengers were studied systematically.

Effect of dye bath pH in dyeing of cotton knitted fabric with reactive dye (Remazol Yellow RR) in exhaust method: impact on color strength, chromatic values and fastness properties

The significance of textile coloration is inevitable as coloration is a critical process and it can be affected by several parameters i. e. time, temperature, pH, and liquor ratio (M:L). This research reveals the behavior of different dye bath pH (2 to 12) on the basis of spectrophotometric characteristics and colorfastness using the most useable brand of reactive dye in Bangladesh i. e. Remazol Yellow RR. Earlier researches were performed on the basis of other coloration controlling factors i. e. temperature, time and liquor ratio (M:L) where pH acts as the dependent variable. However in this study, pH was taken as an independent variable where lower pH (2, 4 and 6), medium pH (8 and 10) and higher pH (12) were taken into consideration for verifying the dyeing performance. Meanwhile, the mentioned pH was achieved by adding acetic acid, soda ash and caustic soda respectively. In this study, the impact of pH is analyzed on the basis of color strength, chromaticity, hue angle, CIELAB color space, spectrophotometric image, reflectance percentage and color fastness tests i. e color fastness to rubbing, color fastness to wash, color fastness to perspiration, color fastness to light. Gradually elevated pH boosts up the color strength and chromaticity, at the same time downgrades of hue angle results orangish tone in the dyed fabric. Even more, the lightness of dyed fabric decreases and redness rises with the increment of dyebath pH which results in orangish red darker tone of dyed fabric. Consequently, fabric dyed at acidic dye bath pH exhibits higher resistance in case of color change and color staining from the dyed fabric and multifiber fabric respectively and vice versa.

Degradation and detoxification of reactive yellow dyes by Scedosporium apiospermum: a mycoremedial approach.

Textile industrial effluents have long enunciated the essentiality of ascertaining an efficient wastewater treatment for the removal of azo dyes given their potential disturbances on the ecosystem. Our study investigated the efficiency of the strain SKF2 among 14 other isolates, molecularly identified to be Scedosporium apiospermum, isolated by our research group from the textile effluent sludge in the degradation of two azo dyes, Reactive Yellow 145 and Remazol Yellow RR. Kinetic profiling of the degradation process revealed the decolourisation efficiency to be 94.8 and 86.9% for RY 145 and RYRR, respectively, during the declining growth phase. Laccase and polyphenol oxidase (RY 145-2.37 and RYRR-2.30 U/mL; RY 145-3.26 and RYRR-2.89 U/mL, respectively) were found to influence the biodegradation process in both the dyes than the other examined fungal degradative enzymes. The metabolic pathway predicted with the aid of GC-MS analysis identified the degraded metabolites to be smaller molecular weight non-toxic products. Assessment of toxicity via brine shrimp lethality assay (RY 145-23.3% and RYRR-16.7%, respectively) and seed germination assay (RY 145-96.7% and RYRR-83.3%) further solidified the detoxified status of both the dyes after biodegradation. The experimental data thus substantiated the expediency of S. apiospermum SKF2 in the degradation of textile azo dyes and its further employment in the bioremediation of textile wastewaters for agricultural applications and ecological recycling.

Synergistic effect of biological and advanced oxidation process treatment in the biodegradation of Remazol yellow RR dye

The current study investigated the efficiency of synergistic biological and Advanced Oxidation Process (AOPs) treatment (B-AOPs) using Aeromonas hydrophila SK16 and AOPs-H2O2 in the removal of Remazol Yellow RR dye. Singly, A. hydrophila and AOPs showed 90 and 63.07% decolourization of Remazol Yellow RR dye (100 mg L−1) at pH 6 and ambient temperature within 9 h respectively. However, the synergistic B-AOPs treatments showed maximum decolorization of Remazol Yellow RR dye within 4 h. Furthermore, the synergistic treatment significantly reduced BOD and COD of the textile wastewater by 84.88 and 82.76% respectively. Increased levels in laccase, tyrosinase, veratryl alcohol oxidase, lignin peroxidase and azo reductase activities further affirmed the role played by enzymes during degradation of the dye. UV–Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) confirmed the biotransformation of dye. A metabolic pathway was proposed based on enzyme activities and metabolites obtained after GC–MS analysis. Therefore, this study affirmed the efficiency of combined biological and AOPs in the treatment of dyes and textile wastewaters in comparison with other methods.

Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticle using Carica papaya leaf extract: application for photocatalytic degradation of remazol yellow RR dye and antibacterial activity

Synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles by the recently developed green approach is extremely promising because of its non-toxicity and environmentally friendly behavior. In this study, nano scaled iron oxide particles (α-Fe2O3) were synthesized from hexahydrate ferric chloride (FeCl3.6H2O) with the addition of papaya (Carica papaya) leaf extract under atmospheric conditions. The synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles was confirmed by systematic characterization using FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDX and TGA studies. The removal efficiency of remazol yellow RR dye with the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles as a photocatalyst was determined along with emphasizing on the parameters of catalyst dosage, initial dye concentration and pH. Increasing the dose of iron oxide nanoparticles enhanced the decolorization of the dyes and a maximum 76.6% dye degradation was occurred at pH 2 after 6 h at a catalyst dose of 0.8 g/L. Unit removal capacity of the photocatalyst was found to be 340 mg/g at dye concentration of 70 ppm and at a catalyst dose of 0.4 g/L. The synthesized nanoparticles showed moderate antibacterial activity against Klebsiella spp., E.Coli, Pseudomonas spp., S.aureus bacterial strains. Although the cytotoxic effect of nanoparticles against Hela, BHK-21 and Vero cell line was found to be toxic at maximum doses but it can be considered for tumor cell damage because it showed excellent activity against the Hela and BHK-21 cell lines.

Synergetic effect of the catalytic action of plasma jet deposited TiOx coatings and atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on the degradation of RYRR

This study explores the synergetic effect of the photocatalytic behavior of TiOx plasma-deposited coatings and atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on the degradation of remazol yellow-RR (RYRR) in aqueous solution. Therefore, the first part of this paper was dedicated to the development of TiOx coatings on substrates with various geometries and dimensions via a non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma assisted polymerization using tetraisopropyl orthotitanate (TIOT) as a precursor. The plasma deposition processes were performed as a function of the deposition potential. The surface chemistry, morphology, structural and hydrophilic properties of the obtained TiOx coating were investigated by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and water contact angle (WCA) analysis. Results revealed the formation of TiOx characteristic chemical groups in a process that is highly dependent on the deposition parameters. TiOx coating were super-hydrophilic and exhibited a cauliflower-like morphology in which the anatase crystalline structure is predominated over the rutile phase. In the second part of the study, the photocatalytic nature of TiOx coatings and the simultaneous effect of an array of multi-jet plasma treatment on the degradation efficiency of RYRR molecules in aqueous solution are examined. The reactive species involved during the TiOx deposition and degradation processes were examined via optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The degradation efficiency was investigated using Uv–Vis spectroscopy. RYRR degradation and the formation of degradation products were further confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The variation in pH, total organic carbon (TOC) and electrical conductivity of the plasma treated RYRR was also assessed. Furthermore, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as OH radicals and H2O2 in the solution was also studied spectroscopically. Overall, results showed that the degradation rate after the concurrent plasma-TiOx photocatalytic reactions was significantly higher than after plasma treatment alone due to the formation of higher concentrations of various ROS.

The contribution of different vinyl sulphone-reactive dyes to an effluent

Three types of vinyl sulphone dyes were measured in the effluent in this study. The selected dyes were Remazol Yellow RR (mono-functional), Remazol Blue RR (homo bi-functional) and Remazol Red RR (hetero bi-functional). The extinction coefficients of these dyes were measured by creating absorbance versus concentration curves. The absorbance values were obtained by testing standard solutions of each dye in a UV–visible spectrophotometer. The dyeing process was carried out at 4 different dye concentrations (0.025g/40ml, 0.05g/40ml, 0.10g/40ml and 0.15g/40ml) on a 5-g fabric sample for each of the dyes. The post-dye liquors and post-wash liquors were tested in an UV–visible spectrophotometer, and their concentrations were calculated using the Beer–Lambert law. The contribution of these dyes to the effluent was calculated and compared, and their adsorption isotherms (Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm) were analysed. The homo bi-functional dye (Blue RR) performed well in the dye bath, but it contributed significantly to the effluent during the washing stages. The mono-functional dye (Yellow RR) was able to adsorb, but it did not perform well due to its greater heterogeneity. The hetero bi-functional Red RR dye was found to be the most environmentally friendly in comparison with the other vinyl sulphone dyes.

Compatibility analysis of reactive dyes by exhaustion-fixation and adsorption isotherm on knitted cotton fabric

AbstractCompatibility analysis was done by exhaustion, fixation and adsorption isotherm upon three reactive dyes; Remazol Red RR, Remazol Yellow RR and Remazol Blue RR. The known solutions of each dye were tested in UV-visible spectrophotometer and the extinction coefficients were calculated by drawing absorbance versus concentration curve. Dyeing processes were carried out in 4 different dye concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3%) for each of the dye. The post dye and post wash liquors were tested in UV-visible spectrophotometer and the dye concentrations of those solutions were calculated through the Beer-Lambert law. The exhaustion%, fixation% of all three dyes was compared between them and their adsorption isotherm models were drawn. In between Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model, the last one had the supremacy. Among the dyes, Blue RR had better exhaustion performance although it was not pleasingly attached with the fiber during fixation. Red RR was excellent in both exhaustion and fixation stages. It was found that in deeper concentrations the compatibility among these three dyes would be low. But experimental data shows that introducing more electrolytes and reducing the temperature as well as the alkali amount can improve these dyes’ compatibility.

EFFECT OF COUNT AND STITCH LENGTH ON SPIRALITY OF SINGLE JERSEY KNIT FABRIC

The following paper focuses on change in spirality due to stitch length and count variation .This work was carried out with 12 samples of single jersey knit fabrics which were scoured and bleached with NaOH and H2O2 (35% strength), dyed with reactive dye (Remazol Yellow RR reactive class) and were finished as standard procedure . After finishing the samples were tested for spirality and compared between different stitch length and count. The result obtained in this research indicated that spirality increases strongly due to increase of stitch length when count of yarn is fixed and on fixed stitch length spirality increases with the increment of count.

VARIATION IN LINEAR DENSITY OF COMBED YARN DUE TO DYEING WITH REACTIVE DYE IN DIFFERENT SHADE PERCENTAGES

Though yarn dyeing is a significant part of wet pro cessing, it still has some major obstacles. It loses its weight as well as strength due to wet treatment. A study on the changes of lin ear density in combed yarn due to different shade p ercentages of reactive dye has been conducted and the results are statisticall y analyzed. Remazol Red RR, Remazol Yellow RR and R emazol Blue RR were used for this experiment. The study reveals that dy e shade percentage effects on the linear density ne gatively. Before 2.5% shade the yarn loss is greater and after 3.5% shade linea r density also decreases. 2.5% to 3.5% shade percen tage can be taken as the range where loss of linear density is much less tha n the other percentages. The lowest loss percentage was found for 3% shade for every dyestuff among which Remazol Red RR was the l east.

Sequential anaerobic–aerobic treatment of azo dyes: Decolourisation and amine degradability

The feasibility of sequential anaerobic–aerobic treatment for complete dye degradation was evaluated using three azo dyes, namely Remazol Red RR, Remazol Blue RR and Remazol Yellow RR. The robustness of the anaerobic treatment was investigated in biofilm reactors and the influences of carrier type, hydraulic retention time, dye concentration and dye type were studied. A decolourisation of 98% was obtained in the anaerobic reactors with Poraver carriers whilst decolourisation was slightly lower in the reactors with Kaldnes carriers, which could be attributed to differences in biofilm structure. Almost complete decolourisation could be achieved at dye concentrations between 100 and 2000 mg l − 1 even when the reactors were not adapted to the specific dye. The fate of the metabolites during aerobic treatment was followed; however, only partial degradation of the aromatic amines could be achieved. The metabolites from Remazol Yellow RR auto-oxidised upon exposure to aerobic conditions forming a product, which resisted further degradation. Additional batch tests were conducted using aerobic sludge from a textile and a chemical industry but neither of these inocula was able to completely degrade the recalcitrant amines. This shows the need of a post-treatment to be able to ensure complete amine degradation.

Sequencing batch reactor technology coupled with nanofiltration for textile wastewater reclamation

Textile wastewaters are characterized by high organic matter concentration and colour presence. Conventional treatments do not remove completely the colour since the aerobic bacteria cannot degrade the azo-bond of the reactive dyes. However, their elimination is a requirement for wastewater reuse. In this study, it is proposed the reuse of textile wastewater as process water by a hybrid process combining a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process with nanofiltration (NF) membranes. The aim is to evaluate the colour removal yield in the SBR and to study the influence of the addition of NF retentate on the SBR feed. The laboratory SBR was operated in cycles of 20 h and was fed with a solution containing a mixture of three reactive dyes: Remazol Yellow RR, Remazol Blue RR and Remazol Red RR. Every day colour and COD removal efficiencies were determined. The NF retentate was stored in order to mix it with the synthetic wastewater for the SBR feed. Colour removal yield ranged from 85 to 90% for the red and blue dyes and from 70 to 75% for the yellow one when the SBR feed was only the textile synthetic wastewater. However, when the SBR feed was the mixture of 50% synthetic wastewater and 50% of NF rejection the colour removal efficiency was reduced between 10 and 15%.

Decolorization and degradation of reactive azo dyes via heterogeneous photocatalytic processes

Reactive dyes are extensively used in textile industry in the last years due to their superior performance, but they are environmentally hazardous and difficult to treat effectively by classical methods. In the present work, the decolorization and degradation of four commercial reactive azo dyes, namely Remazol Red RR, Remazol Yellow RR, Procion Crimson H-exl and Procion Yellow H-exl, were studied using photocatalytic processes (TiO2/UV and TiO2/UV/H2O2). Decolorization and degradation were found to strongly depend on the system parameters (TiO2 loading, dye and H2O2 initial concentrations, and pH). Decolorization efficiency (%) sharply increases with increasing the TiO2 loading, especially up to 1g/L, as well as with decreasing the initial dye concentration from 250 down to 50mg/L. At pH=3, a >90% decolorization of all dyes can be achieved in only 15min. Addition of H2O2 increases the decolorization rates up to an optimum value (97.9% Remazol Red RR decolorization at 12min irradiation, with a 0.5%w/w initial H2O2 concentration and pH=3). Among the four dyes examined, significant differences in decolorization and degradation rates were revealed, but decolorization and degradation efficiencies up to 100% (in 25min and 4h respectively) are possible with proper combinations of the system parameters.