Remarkable Point Research Articles

Lubrication properties of dodecanedioate esters-based bio-lubricant

Interest in the synthesis of new bio-lubricants with improved lubricity properties and higher quality is increasing. This study aimed to evaluate the bio-lubrication properties of synthesized dodecanedioate esters-based bio-lubricant. Thirteen samples of dodecanedioate esters with different chemical structures were synthesized. The results showed that di-2-methylbutyl dodecanedioate (D2MBD), di-2-ethylbutyl dodecanedioate (D2EBD), and di-2-ethylhexyl dodecanedioate (D2EHD) showed good low-temperature properties with very low pour point (PP) values of -45 oC, -35 oC, and -55 oC, respectively. Di-oleyl dodecanedioate (DOlD) showed a remarkable flash point (FP) value of 300 oC; however, it showed poor oxidative stability (OXS) at 177 oC. The results showed increases in flash point (FP), viscosity index (VI), and oxidative stability (OXT) with increasing carbon chain length and branching in the employed alcohol. Furthermore, friction coefficient, Newtonian and non-Newtonian properties were tested. The results showed that the tested dodecanedioate esters, which have high molecular weight had a low friction coefficient, and they were classified as non-Newtonian fluids except DOLD was classified as a Newtonian fluid. In general, based on the results, the branched dodecanedioate esters can be used as lubricant without additives.

Chitosan Anchored Nanoparticles in Current Drug Development Utilizing Computer-Aided Pharmacokinetic Modeling: Case Studies for Target Specific Cancer Treatment and Future Prospective

Recently, in the medical and pharmaceutical fields, biopolymers are extensively used for chemical and mechanical modifications of pharmaceutical dosage forms, which add novel properties, functions, and applications. Structural modification of dosage form by polymers along with redesigning in pharmaceutical and tissue engineering fields, presently being the center of analysis for the modern research world, which utilizes the subtle instruments, precise research strategies and most significantly the excipients. The polymer, chitosan, which is a natural linear polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed β-(1- 4)-linked D-Glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-Glucosamine units. Chitosan has been used by researchers as a network forming or gelling agent as chitosan is economically available, possesses low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, biodegradability, protects against secretion from irritation and does not suffer the danger of transmission animal infective agent. Recent studies have proved that the chitosan conjugated in various biopharmaceutical drug formulations, such as nanoparticles, have been used for the treatment of breast, skin, colon, pancreatic, prostate and lung cancer. The nanoparticles have gained significant attention of scientific groups for relevant cancer-targeting drugs and dosage form. In this connection, several articles been published on chitosan anchored nanoparticles by suitable techniques, such as ion gelation, complexation, solvent evaporation, emulsion droplet coalescence and polymerization. The most remarkable point is that chitosan-drug conjugated nanoparticles (CDNP) can target cancer affected cells with the least attempt to killing the neighbor host cell. It is already proved that the CDNP facilitate the more drugs uptaking or cytotoxicity to a cancerous cell. This overcomes the dosage form designing problems of complexity in the biological mechanism and cell specificity. A computer-aided pharmacokinetic study as well as in-silico design with model fitting can provide the possible finding related to target selectivity and interaction. The computer aided study also reduces time and could make the entire process much cheaper till today, very few research has been reported, such as PyRx with AutoDock, response surface methodology and molecular dynamic simulation in drug delivery for chitosan-drug conjugated nanoparticles. Therefore, cancer cell target-specific drug delivery using a natural biopolymer conjugate with a computer-aided pharmacokinetic model will be the thirst area of future research. To get successful anticancer drug formulation, in-silico pharmacokinetic modeling would minimize labor, and expenses, during and prior to the experiment has been extensively discussed in the present review.

Performances of different methods of estimating the diameter distribution based on simple stand structure variables in monospecific regular temperate European forests

Using the three characteristic points of a forest stand, dg (mean quadratic diameter), dmin (diameter of the smallest tree) and dmax (diameter of the largest tree), appears informative enough to determine the parameters of the whole diameter distribution and, hence, the standing volume, with an accuracy of 2–3%. This is related principally with a particular feature of the Weibull distribution function, and the empirical dependency of the main scale parameter α + β from the mean quadratic diameter (dg): This allows the prediction of the parameter β with an unexpectedly high likelihood. This feature could be used for growth modelling as well as inventory purposes, at least for monospecific and even-aged stands and, maybe more, because this feature is proper to the function itself. One of the most appealing applications of diameter distribution functions is to predict compliant stand diameters without needing to tally all stems, but in determining the function parameters only on the base of simple stand characteristics. This can be applied for yield model construction or inventory purposes. The aim of this paper is to compare different methods of estimating the Weibull distribution parameters, partly based on parameter recovery method (PRM). They use a remarkable, empiric property of the Weibull function. Their performances are assessed in comparison to real distributions from a wide database of permanent Swiss yield plots repeatedly measured (time series) for Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). The Weibull distribution offers the advantage of simple but reliable estimation procedures. One of these is the main (scale) parameter β being given at a remarkable point of the function free, i.e. independent from the shape parameter γ. Because dg lies very close to this point, it correlates empirically very tightly with this parameter and thus allows for a trustful simple estimation. We compare, with appropriate statistic tests, real distribution with such obtained with the usual maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of the Weibull parameters and those obtained with these new procedures. The results obtained from a set of 800 yield plots of regular spruce stands and 596 of beech in Switzerland illustrate the good performances of the two much simpler procedures. The accuracy of estimating the standing volume is about 1.4% for beech and 2.8% for spruce when the site index (SI) is known. The three considered characteristic stand attributes (dg, dmin and dmax) appear robust enough for determining the diameter distribution with a respectable accuracy. This is enough reason for a revival of the old, but very ingenious, method of angle count sampling of Walter Bitterlich (1947).

(Invited) Reverse Current Behavior and ADT Protocol for Start & Stop Operation of Bipolar Alkaline Water Electrolyzer

Introduction Water electrolysis is expected a key energy conversion system to introduce large-scale renewable electricity under power grid management. Here, less expensive large system is needed. Alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) systems are well-developed large system to combine hydropower generation, but fluctuated operation with start and stop operation is not considered for conventional systems. Therefore, improvement of durability to combine photovoltaic and/or wind turbine generation is significant issue. In this study, we have been investigated reverse current behavior of bipolar alkaline water electrolyzers and proposes accelerated durability test (ADT) protocol. Theoretical and Experimental Figure 1 shows configuration of bipolar alkaline water electrolyzer, principle of reverse current. An equivalent circuit to analyze reverse current is also shown in the figure. During electrolysis, surface Ni of anode oxidizes to Ni(III) and that of cathode reduces to Ni(0). They electronically connect on a bipolar plate and ionically connect through manifold to distribute electrolyte. In the equivalent circuit, electrochemical potential difference between anode and cathode on a bipolar plate correspond to electromotive force of Uk(t). The R 1 and R 2 correspond ionic resistances of branch and communicating tubes, respectively. Relationship among these parameters can describe as eq. 1 in Fig. 1 based on the Kirchhoff's laws, so reverse current would be estimated. In this study, we measured electrode potential and reverse current after 1 h water electrolysis at 0.6 Acm-2 for 2 to 4 cells stack bipolar electrolyzer using commercially available industrial anode and cathode (De Nora Permelec Ltd). The reverse current was measured ionic current through communicating tube with D. C. clamp meter.As bipolar electrolyzer evaluation, we measured electrode potential and reverse current after 1 h water electrolysis at 0.6 Acm-2 for 2 to 4 cells stack bipolar electrolyzer using the commercially available anode and cathode. Effective electrode size was 27 cm2. The reverse current was measured ionic current through communicating tube with D. C. clamp meter (KEW2510, Kyoritsu).As start & stop operation simulated ADT protocol, we propose the combination of constant current electrolysis, potential sweep, and chronoamperometry as the inset of illustration in Fig. 4, because constant current measurement is easier to get reproductivity in high current that need accurate iR correction for constant potential measurement and current control measurement never simulate stop operation. Results and discussion Figure 2 shows the setup of lab-scale electrolyzer and cell performances in the stacks. All cells showed almost the same performance. Figure 3 shows reverse currents and electrode potentials as a function of time for 2 to 4 cells stack electrolyzer. The longer cell stack had lager reverse current at initial period of stop operation. As the potential difference between anode and cathode decreased, the reverse current decreased. The anode potential significantly decreased certain time, and that for longer cell stack was shorter. For the 4 cells stack, the time for the BP2 was shorter than that for the BP1 and BP3. Simultaneously, the I 2 was larger than the I 1 and I 3. These behaviors could be explained with eq. 1 in the Fig. 1 with the same electromotive force of the U(t=0)s for initial period and time function of U(t)s with same surface condition for all cells at the end of electrolysis. Remarkable point is that the cathode potential of BP2 was higher than the anode, which is impossible with discharge of BP2 itself. This opposite potential of the BP2 would be forced by electromotive force of the BP1 and BP3.Figure 4 shows the anode potential at 10 mAcm-2 (E @10mAcm-2) of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) current during the ADT protocol with various minimum potential: E min. The all anodes significantly degraded for around 3-days test protocol, although DN851 was developed as an active and durable anode for conventional OER electrode. The degradation increased with decreases of the E min. Above 0 V vs. RHE of the E min, The E @10mAcm-2 increased after ca. 800 cycles of introduction period and reached around 1.69 V vs. RHE after 1900 cycles, although it increased from initial period and the increase continued around 2000 cycles for -0.3 V vs. RHE of the E min. From these experimental results, the E min of between 0 to 0.3 V vs. RHE might be suitable for the ADT protocol because of rapid degradation with robustness to the E min. Acknowledgements This study was based on results obtained from the Development of Fundamental Technology for Advancement of Water Electrolysis Hydrogen Production in Advancement of Hydrogen Technologies and Utilization Project commissioned by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). Figure 1

How to avoid the formation of hazardous chlorates and perchlorates during electro-disinfection with diamond anodes?

This work focuses on disinfection of water using electrolysis with diamond coatings avoiding or minimizing the formation of hazardous chlorates and perchlorates using a special type of commercial cells designed by CONDIAS (Itzehoe, Germany) in two different sizes: the CabECO and the MIKROZON cells. In these cells, the electrolyte that separates the anode and cathode is a proton exchange membrane. This helps to minimize the production of perchlorate and this behavior is enhanced in the smallest cell for which the very low contact times between the electrodes and the water allows to avoid the production of perchlorates when operating in a single-pass mode, which becomes a really remarkable point. In this paper, we report tests in which we demonstrate this outstanding performance and we also explain the differences observed in the two cells operating with the same water.

Influence of Carboxylate Anions on Phase Behavior of Choline Ionic Liquid Mixtures.

Mixing ionic liquids is a suitable strategy to tailor properties, e.g., to reduce melting points. The present study aims to widen the application range of low-toxic choline-based ionic liquids by studying eight binary phase diagrams of six different choline carboxylates. Five of them show eutectic points with melting points dropping by 13 to 45 °C. The eutectic mixtures of choline acetate and choline 2-methylbutarate were found to melt at 45 °C, which represents a remarkable melting point depression compared to the pure compounds with melting points of 81 (choline acetate) and 90 °C (choline 2-methylbutarate), respectively. Besides melting points, the thermal stabilities of the choline salt mixtures were investigated to define the thermal operation range for potential practical applications of these mixtures. Typical decomposition temperatures were found between 165 and 207 °C, with choline lactate exhibiting the highest thermal stability.

Testing the use of cells equipped with solid polymer electrolytes for electro-disinfection

This work focuses on disinfection of water using electrolysis with boron doped diamond (BDD) coatings and faces this challenge by comparing the performance of two different cells manufactured by CONDIAS GmbH (Izehoe, Germany): CONDIACELL® ECWP and CabECO cells. They are both equipped with diamond electrodes, but the mechanical design is completely different, varying not only by geometry but also by the flow conditions. ECWP is a flow-through cell with perforated electrodes while the CabECO cell is a zero-gap cell with a proton exchange membrane as a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) separating the anode and cathode. At 0.02 Ah dm−3 both cells attain around 3–5 logs pathogen removal, but design and sizing parameters give an advantage to the CabECO: it can minimize the production of chlorates and perchlorates when operating in a single-pass mode, which becomes a really remarkable point. In this paper, we report tests in which we demonstrate this outstanding performance and we also explain the differences observed in the two cells operating with the same water.

Approximate integration through remarkable points using the Intermediate Value Theorem

Using the Intermediate Value Theorem we demonstrate the rules of Trapeze and Simpson's. Demonstrations with this approach and its generalization to new formulas are less laborious than those resulting from methods such as polynomial interpolation or Gaussian quadrature. In addition, we extend the theory of approximate integration by finding new approximate integration formulas. The methodology we used to obtain this generalization was to use the definition of the integral defined by Riemann sums. Each Riemann sum provides an approximation of the result of an integral. With the help of the Intermediate Value Theorem and a detailed analysis of the Middle Point, Trapezoidal and Simpson Rules we note that these rules of numerical integration are Riemann sums. The results we obtain with this analysis allowed us to generalize each of the rules mentioned above and obtain new rules of approximation of integrals. Since each of the rules we obtained uses a point in the interval we have called them according to the point of the interval we take. In conclusion we can say that the method developed here allows us to give new formulas of numerical integration and generalizes those that already exist.

Teaching Geometry Using the Opportunities of the Living Mathematics Program

The article is devoted to the use of digital educational resources in the process of teaching mathematics in a primary school. The possibility of using the ”Living Mathematics” electronic educational-methodical set with teaching guidelines on the topic ”Remarkable points of a triangle. Euler's line”. The article is addressed to teachers and students of pedagogical universities, methodologists, teachers of mathematics.

A review of machine learning kernel methods in statistical process monitoring

The complexity of modern problems turns increasingly larger in industrial environments, so the classical process monitoring techniques have to adapt to deal with those problems. This is one of the reasons why new Machine and Statistical Learning methodologies have become very popular in the statistical community. Specifically, this article is focused on machine learning kernel methods techniques in the process monitoring field. After explaining the idea of kernel methods we thoroughly examine the process monitoring articles that make use of kernel models and the way in which these models are combined with other Machine Learning approaches. Finally, we summarize the whole picture of the literature and mention some remarkable points.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ТОЧЕК ПЕРЕСЕЧЕНИЯ РАЗНОИМЕННЫХ ЗАМЕЧАТЕЛЬНЫХ ЛИНИЙ В ОСТРОУГОЛЬНОМ ТРЕУГОЛЬНИКЕ

It is known that the study of geometry begins with a triangle and to some extent it is the basis of geometric science. It is also known that new properties are constantly being discovered, and often many of them are associated with remarkable points and lines of the triangle. This article deals with the study of the intersection points of dissimilar remarkable lines in an acute-angled triangle.

Trends in Decreasing Disinfection By-Products Formation during Electrochemical Technologies

Disinfecting water and wastewater electrochemically is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative for the chemical disinfection. During electrochemical disinfection, the water is passed through an electrolytic cell which is equipped with a set of electrodes. The effectiveness of the process depends upon cell configuration, electrode material, electrolyte composition, microorganism, water flow rate, and current density. One of the main advantages of electrodisinfection is the on-site production of disinfectants; thereby the common drawbacks of chlorination including transportation and storage of hazardous chemicals can be avoided. On the other hand, the high cell voltages due to low electrical conductivity of water and the high capital cost are the main bottlenecks for electrodisinfection. The generation of chlorinated by-products stays the main worry related to electrochemical water treatment processes. This work discusses the main tendencies in dealing with such issues. In some setups, the electrolyte separates the anode and cathode is a proton exchange membrane. This assists to reduce the formation of perchlorate and such conduct is improved in the smallest cell for which the so short contact periods between the electrodes and the water helps to avert the formation of perchlorates when working in a single-pass mode, which becomes a really remarkable point. Other strategies are examined such as developed electrochemical advanced oxidation process, the electroperoxone (E-peroxone) process, which combines ozonation with in situ electro-generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from cathodic oxygen reduction. Electrochemical processes could be merged with nanotechnologies for better efficiency in dealing with pathogens and pollutants removal. In the next future, a hybrid process combining both techniques would be suggested as a part of treatment train for treating water and wastewater.

Application of Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Modeling and Simulation of Photovoltaic Arrays

A method for modeling photovoltaic (PV) arrays - based on artificial intelligence techniques, namely genetic algorithm (GA) and cuckoo optimization algorithm (COA) - is presented. COA and GA are used to obtain the parameters of the PV array model using the PV cell’s datasheet information. The adopted models – using GA and COA - are implemented on a simulation platforms using MATLAB 2020a environment for two-diode and single-diode models. The proposed optimization method fits the mathematical current-voltage (I-V) characteristic to the three (V, I) remarkable points without the need to guess or to estimate any other parameter. The obtained models are tested and validated with experimental data taken from the Mutah university’s PV power plant. The results show that for both of the employed optimization algorithms, the two-diode model is more accurate than the single-diode model. The results also disclose that, at different values of temperature and solar irradiance, the COA – compared to the GA – better handles the optimization problem with low iterations and better fitness value.

A Comparative Study on Nuh b. Mustafa’s Turkish Translation of al Milal and Nihal

Muhammed b. Abdulkerim eş-Şehrestânî’nin el-Milel ve’n-nihal adlı eseri, İslam Mezhepleri Tarihi anabilim dalının en önemli klasiklerinden biridir. On ikinci yüzyılda yazılmış bu eser, sistematik oluşu ve mümkün mertebe taassup güdülmeden betimsel bir anlatıma sahip olması yönüyle benzerlerinden farklı bir konuma sahiptir. Bu değerli eser önemine binaen on yedinci yüzyılda yaşamış bir Osmanlı âlimi olan Nûh b. Mustafa tarafından Tercüme-i Milel ve nihal adıyla Türkçeye çevrilmiştir. Bu makalede el-Milel ve’n-nihal’in adı geçen Türkçe çevirisi ana metinle mukayese edilerek çevirinin mahiyeti hakkında bilgi verilecektir. İlgili çeviri metnin Türkiye Yazmalar Kataloğunda 20’den fazla nüshası bulunmaktadır. Biz bu makalede mütercimin vefatından 40 yıl sonra yazılmış 1701 tarihli en eski yazmayı esas almakla birlikte bir de zaman zaman işaret etmek üzere 1860 tarihli başka bir yazmadan yararlanacağız. Bu makalemiz bir taraftan adı geçen çeviriyle ilgili malumat verirken diğer taraftan on yedinci yüzyılda tercüme anlayışının nasıl olduğuna dair somut bir örnek olacaktır.

On energy, uniqueness theorems and variational principle for generalized thermoelasticity with memory-dependent derivative

The research article theoretically deals with the three-phase-lag (TPL) heat conduction model of generalized thermoelasticity, reformulated in terms of the memory-dependent derivative (MDD). The energy theorem and the variational principle of this proposed model are established for an isotropic, homogeneous, thermoelastic continuum. The uniqueness theorem is derived from the energy theorem, and a few special cases are also obtained from the present model. For numerical simulation of the present model, a one-dimensional thermoelastic problem in a semi-infinite medium subjected to a time-dependent thermal shock on its bounding plane is considered. The Laplace transform together with its numerical inversion is adopted to obtain the solutions in the physical domain. The influence of the kernel function and time delay on the variation of the non-dimensional thermophysical quantities are studied graphically and finally some remarkable points are mentioned as conclusions.

A novel region selection approach of SVPWM for a three-level NPC inverter used in electric vehicle

This paper confers an investigation of a space vector modulation based control strategy of induction motor using a three-level inverter for electric vehicle application. The proposed controller uses a simple v/f control with a novel SVPWM technique. A new method for region selection of SVPWM for a multilevel inverter is implemented for the closed-loop system. Previously the region selection procedure was not considered by most of the researcher in the literature for developing the PWM algorithm. This approach is based on some algebraic equations. The remarkable point here is that it is identical to all the remaining sectors. Hence calculation complexity reduces by making it a simpler implementation. This method can be applied to any number of levels. The potency of the proposed controller is validated through the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The performance of the overall system is inspected through transient and steady-state analysis. The neutral point balance of the 3L NPC inverter is established by adopting proper switching sequences.

A remarkable point for evaluating the severity of burns: Thiol-disulfide profile.

The objective of this study was to examine the thiol-disulfide profile tests in patients suffering from burn injuries. This case-control study comprised 48 patients with thermal burn injuries and 61 healthy individuals. Thiol-disulfide tests were conducted in both groups, and also, the changes of thiol-disulfide parameters were analyzed at zero time and on days 3, 7, 15, and 30 of the admission in patients with burn injuries. The patients had significantly decreased native and total thiol levels and native thiol/total thiol ratios, and significantly increased disulfide/native thiol and disulfide/total thiol ratios compared to control individuals (p<0.001 for all). The variations of native thiol levels, total thiol levels, and disulfide/native thiol ratios were significantly different over time in patients with burn injuries (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.05, respectively). There were strong associations with the clinical parameters and thiol-disulfide profile tests (p<0.05 for all). There was a metabolic disturbance of the thiol-disulfide system among patients with burn injuries. The courses of thiol-disulfide variables in time overlapped with the burn mechanism. Strong associations provide that thiol-disulfide homeostasis might be a notable key for evaluating the severity of burns and predicting the survival.

Photocatalytic degradation of phenol using ionic liquid stabilized TiO2 nanoparticles

This paper describes the successful synthesis of ionic liquid stabilized TiO2 and it was characterized by various instrumental techniques such as UV–vis, FT-IR, XRD and TEM analysis. The photocatalytic activity of ionic liquid stabilized TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) was evaluated by analyzing the degradation of aqueous phenol solution by UV irradiation. The effect of phase composition of TiO2 NPs namely, anatase and rutile, on photocatalytic activity was studied using chemical oxygen demand (COD) and fluorescence measurements. The results show that pure anatase phase shows lesser photocatalytic activity compared to a mixed anatase: rutile phase (80:20) and the degradation mechanism is also investigated. The remarkable point is that the ionic liquid tunes the phases of the TiO2 NPs and this work provides a promising approach to fabricate TiO2 based catalyst with efficient photocatalytic performance.

Iran

Persian Medicine that is practiced as a traditional system of medicine in Iran and neighboring countries nowadays is one of the oldest traditional systems of medicine dating back to at least 7000 years ago. History of medicine in Iran can be divided into three periods: pre-Islamic (early), medieval (Islamic), and modern period. In the books of Avesta (6th century BC), three kinds of medicine were described: medicine through the knife (surgery), through the plants (herbal medicine), and through the divine words (cure by prayers). Another remarkable point from the pre-Islamic era is successful establishment of the Academy of Gondishapur (3rd century AD), which is believed to be the first teaching hospital in which medical students were trained under the supervision of physicians. Persian medicine flourished during Islamic era, in particular 9th to 13th century AD which is called as Islamic Golden age. Renowned physicians such as Rhazes, Haly Abbas, Avicenna and Jorjani(Sorsanus) belong to this era. Some of their contributions in medicine including the texts of Razi’s (The Continent) and Avicenna’s (The Canon) were the core of western medicine for several centuries. In the Persian medicine, physiological functions of the human body are considered to be based on seven factors. These are as follows: Elements, Temperament, Humors, Organs, Spirits, Forces and Functions. Since 2006, the Persian Medicine Schools have been established in Iran. Specialized education at the PhD level has been defined for two fields of Traditional medicine and Traditional pharmacy in Iran. At present there are 8 schools of Persian medicine and 17 departments of traditional medicine all around the country.

A new method for measuring nanoparticle diameter from a set of SEM images using a remarkable point

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is considered as a reference technique for the determination of nanoparticle (NP) dimensional properties. Nevertheless, the image analysis is a critical step of SEM measuring process and the initial segmentation phase consisting in determining the contour of each nano-object to be measured must be correctly carried out in order to identify all pixels belonging to it. Several techniques can be applied to extract NP from SEM images and evaluate their diameter like thresholding or watershed. However, due to the lack of reference nanomaterials, few papers deals with the uncertainty associated with these segmentation methods. This article proposes a novel approach to extract the NP boundaries from SEM images using a remarkable point. The method is based on the observation that, by varying the electron beam size, the secondary electron profiles crosses each other at this point. First, a theoretical study has been performed using Monte Carlo simulation on silica NP to evaluate the robustness of the method compared with more conventional segmentation techniques (Active Contour or binarization at Full Width at Half-Maximum, FWHM). The simulation results show especially a systematic discrepancy between the NP real size and the measurements performed with both conventional methods. Moreover, generated errors are NP size-dependent. By contrast, it has been demonstrated that a very good agreement between measured and simulated diameters has been obtained with this new technique. As an example, this method of the remarkable point has been applied on SEM images of silica particles. The quality of the segmentation has been shown on silica reference nanoparticles by measuring the modal equivalent projected area diameter and comparing with calibration certificate. The results show that the NP contour can be very accurately delimited with using this point. The measurement uncertainty has been also reduced from 4.3 nm (k = 2) with conventional methods to 2.6 nm (k = 2) using the remarkable point.