Religious Works Research Articles

PENGARUH DISIPLIN DAN MASA KERJA TERHADAP LOYALITAS KERJA DENGAN RELIGIUS SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI(STUDY KASUS PADA KARYAWAN PT MISWAK UTAMA)

This research is about the Influence of Discipline and Working Period on Religious Work Loyalty as a Moderation Variable (Case Study in Employees of PT Miswak Utama). The Issues Raised From This Study Are To Test Whether There Is a Disciplinary Influence On Work Loyalty, Working Period On Work Loyalty, Testing Whether Religiosity Is Able to Moderate The Influence of Discipline On Loyalty And Mguji Whether Religiosity Is Able to Moderate the Influence of Working Life On Loyalty. Population and Sample In This Study Are Employees of Pt Miswak Utama Number 77. The results showed that discipline and working life have a significant effect on job loyalty, while religiosity does not moderate the effect of discipline on loyalty and religiosity does not moderate the effect of working life on loyalty. So it can be concluded that relisiusity is not a guideline that can increase employee loyalty.

Policy, Legality and Rule of law: The Jurisprudence Thinking for the Management Mode of Religious Affairs in China

The management of religious affairs has the mode of “Policy”, “Legality”, “Rule of Law” and so on. In the past reformed 40 years, China's religious management policy has a consistent content, and the policy has always held the highest position in the management of religious affairs at all levels of government. Since the 1990s, religious administration has been "legalized" gradually. The implementation of the Religious Affairs Ordinance issued in 2004 marked the management mode of religious affairs in China entered the era that managing religious affairs according to regulations. In 2014, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPP Central Committee proposed "Integration Building for Rule of Law Country, Rule of Law Government and Rule of Law Society ". In 2016, the National Conference on Religious Work proposed “Improving the Rule of Law in Religious Work ", Rule of Law has become the goal of religious affairs management. Rule of law in religion has factors such as "Rights Protection”, “Separation of Church and State ","Public Power Restriction" and so on. The management of religious affairs in China needs to go beyond the traditional mode such as "Policy" and "Legality". The "Rule of Law" mode of Good Law and Good Governance is the inevitable choice.

Manifestation of the Turkic worldview in the work «Irshad al-Muluukwa as-Salatiin»

The article discusses the manifestations of the medieval Turkic worldview and culture, their direct impact on the Islamic world of the spiritual culture of that period and its viability. The Turkic Kipchaks, known in the historical arena as the Mamluks, came to power in the Islamic world, the Turkic language has a special place in society since that time, the language and its grammatical features were taught in the Islamic world. The distribution of a wide range is considered in detail. It is discussed not only the linguistic features of the Turks in the Kipchak language, but also the religious orientation of religious works written in Arabic and the ability to translate classical literature into the Turkic language. It is discussed that the work «Irshad al-Muluk wa as-Salatin», written in the 14th century, which contains most of the basic elements of the Kipchak language, was one of the most important works in the history of Turkic language and literature, the Turkic worldview. It is studied that this work was written in Kipchak by the order of Sultan Saifi Baiman in Alexandria, and hermeneutic and textual analysis of the texts is carried out. It is also considered to be one of the earliest written Kipchak inscriptions in Egypt. Key words: Turkic people, medieval Turkic worldview, Islamic culture, Mamluks, Turkic language.

Религиозные и моралистические сочинения в репертуаре типографии Даниэля Адама Велеславина

The author analyzes the publishing activity of the Czech typographer of the XVI century Daniel Adam Veleslavin, identifies the repertoire of publications, in particular the publication of religious and moralistic works, considers their role and place in the publishing products of the printing house and their significance for the Czech reader. Reference to sources, in particular to the bibliography of Czech publications, suggests that the printing house of Veleslavina produced moral and religious literature that did not have a narrow religious function, but it was always aimed at life practice.

An Accidental Genre

An Accidental Genre

The medieval cell doctrine: Foundations, development, evolution, and graphic representations in printed books from 1490 to 1630

ABSTRACT The medieval cell doctrine was a series of related psychological models based on ancient Greco-Roman ideas in which cognitive faculties were assigned to “cells,” typically corresponding to the cerebral ventricles. During Late Antiquity and continuing during the Early Middle Ages, Christian philosophers attempted to reinterpret Aristotle’s De Anima, along with later modifications by Herophilos and Galen, in a manner consistent with religious doctrine. The resulting medieval cell doctrine was formulated by the fathers of the early Christian Church in the fourth and fifth centuries. Printed images of the doctrine that appeared in medical, philosophical, and religious works, beginning with “graphic incunabula” at the end of the fifteenth century, extended and evolved a manuscript tradition that had been in place since at least the eleventh century. Some of these early psychological models just pigeonholed the various cognitive faculties in different non-overlapping bins within the brain (albeit without any clinicopathologic evidence supporting such localizations), while others specifically promoted or implied a linear sequence of events, resembling the process of digestion. By the sixteenth century, printed images of the doctrine were usually linear three-cell versions with few exceptions having four or five cells. Despite direct challenges by Massa and Vesalius in the sixteenth century, and Willis in the seventeenth century, the doctrine saw its most elaborate formulations in the late-sixteenth and early-seventeenth centuries with illustrations by the Paracelsan physicians Bacci and Fludd. Overthrow of the doctrine had to await abandonment of Galenic cardiovascular physiology from the late-seventeenth to early-eighteenth centuries.

Mecmuâ-i Sâz ü Söz’de Yer Alan Dini Musiki Eserleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Yapılan bu çalışmanın odak noktasını 17’nci yüzyılın önemli eserlerinden Mecmuâ-i Sâz ü Söz’de yer alan dini musiki eserleri oluşturmaktadır. İlahi, tesbih, tevhid ve ayin-i şerif gibi Türk din musikisinin önde gelen 34 repertuvar bileşeni mecmua içindeki sayısal dağılım, nota yazısında kullanılan işaretler, makam, usul ve form yapısı başta olmak üzere güfte dinamikleri üzerinden analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan değerlendirmeler ışığında dini türlerin mecmua içinde dokuz farklı fasıl içinde tanzim edildiği; bilhassa ilahi ve tesbihlerin şemsiye bir başlık olarak kullanıldığı; tevhid türünün anlamına uygun bir örnekle temsil edildiği; ayin-i şerif’in ise günümüzdeki ayin formunun üçüncü bölümünden ibaret olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca bu eserlerde anahtar ve usul göstergeleri ile ses değiştirici işaretler bulunmaktadır. Yine röpriz, puandorg, uzatma ve deyim bağı gibi notalama işaretlerini görmek mümkündür. Dini eserlerin ezgi organizasyonu on beş farklı makam içinde yer alırken Hüseyni ve Neva makamları nicel olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Buna karşın günümüzün dini musiki repertuvarında oldukça sık kullanılan Uşşak ve Segâh makamlarının temsil oranı oldukça düşüktür. Zaman organizasyonu ise beş farklı usul üzerinden gerçekleşirken burada Düyek usulü öndedir. Usulü belirlenemeyen eserlerin varlığı ise dikkat çekicidir. Eserler form açısından değerlendirildiğinde ilahi, tevhid ve ayin şerif’in tesbihlere nazaran sınırlı bir müzikal ifadeye sahip olduğu, biçim yapısı açısından tesbihlerin diğer türlerden ayrıldığı görülmektedir. Güfte bakımından aruzlu yapının hâkimiyeti öne çıkarken dini eserlerin anlam evrenini ağırlıklı olarak gazel, murabba ve koşma nazım şekilleri inşa etmektedir.

THE PROBLEMS OF HISTORY OF CREATION OF ALISHER NAVOI’S WORKS

This article is devoted to the history of creation of the works of Alisher Navoi. It considers the history of the collection “Hazoin ul - Maoniy” (“Тreasury of Thoughts”), the poem Saddi Iskandari (Alexander’s Wall) and the religious work Siroj ul-Muslimin (“The Light of Muslims”). The author pays special attention to such issues as the time of compilation of “Hazoin ul –Maoniy “(“Treasury of Thoughts”) and in what period of the poet’s life and conditions the poems were included in the collection. Conclusions obtained because of author’s research are set out in the end of the article. The article also clarified the issue related to the history of the creation of Siroj ul –Muslimin (“The Light of Muslims”).

Close Encounters of the Victorian Kind: The Sci-Fi Fundamentalism of Philip Henry Gosse

It has been common to associate Victorian speculative literature—a broad literary genre characterized by supernatural, fantastical, or futuristic themes—with liberal religious movements, such as deism. Despite the cultural significance of evangelicalism during the Victorian era, evangelical works have been excluded from the genre. The late religious works of Philip Henry Gosse, especially his collection The Mysteries of God (1884), expand our understanding of speculative literature in late 19th-century British culture. At a time when the rapid pace of political, scientific, and technological developments spurred Jules Verne and H. G. Wells to imagine the future of human civilization, evangelicals such as Gosse turned an alternative speculative lens on the deep future. In essays such as "The Colonization of Worlds" and "The New Jerusalem," Gosse fused emergent narratives of secular progress and technological mastery with older eschatological traditions anticipating the millennial reign of Christ. While many late-Victorian evangelicals abandoned postmillennial hope for premillennial anxiety, Gosse exuded confidence in his ability to harmonize biblical literalism with speculative schemes of interplanetary colonization directed by Providence. This visionary spirit drew upon habits of spiritual eclecticism common to 19th-century evangelicalism, which combined biblical literalism, natural science, poetic imagination, and even esoteric traditions, such as pyramidology. Gosse's writings also illuminate broader cultural tensions of the period, between Romanticism and rationalism, observation and imagination, naturalism and supernaturalism, revelation and naturalism. For all of these reasons, his fantastic and idiosyncratic literary visions deserve to be remembered alongside other works of Victorian speculative literature.

Psychological Experiences of the Guatemalan Civil War and postwar Violence on a Kaqchikel Community:An Exploratory Qualitative Study

ABSTRACT The Kaqchikel are an indigenous population who experienced political violence during the civil war and postwar conflict in Guatemala because their political ideology was in opposition to the military government. This formative study explored their trauma experiences and coping skills. We used a community member to recruit our small sample (N = 18) through convenience sampling. Participants expressed anxiety, depression, sadness, fear, and distrust stemming from incidents of trauma and violence and the loss of loved ones. Many participants identified family and community members as their major source of support. Positive coping strategies included having a strong religious faith and work ethic that helped them cope with distress. However, some participants resorted to negative coping behaviors such as alcohol abuse or knew of others who did. Our findings provide useful evidence to develop culturally-sensitive mental health services for this specific indigenous community.

Christianizing Egypt: Syncretism and Local Worlds in Late Antiquity

In Christianizing Egypt: Syncretism and Local Worlds in Late Antiquity, David Frankfurter endeavors to redefine the term “syncretism” and to apply it to a new methodological framework for analyzing Christianization. The focus of his study is how people in late antique Egyptian culture combined traditional pagan elements with Christian symbols through art, ritual, and written text. While some may disagree with his characterization of “syncretism” and “conversion,” Frankfurter successfully synthetizes an impressive wealth of textual and material culture evidence in his book. He examines evidence ranging from votive objects and visual art to hagiography and other textual accounts of religious rituals, and his thematic organization of these sources lends well to his argument. Frankfurter’s book lays out a useful framework for examining and describing syncretism within the culture while also giving the reader an engaging glimpse into late antique Egypt.Christianizing Egypt is organized thematically around core aspects of late antique Egyptian culture. The first chapter is the most beneficial for researchers outside of Frankfurter’s field, because this chapter cogently outlines his methodology for analyzing syncretism and conversion. Chapter 2 covers the rituals of the domestic sphere, and in particular the importance of female votive objects in prayers for fertility and childrearing. Chapter 3 discusses holy men and their influence as controllers of spiritual power. Frankfurter illustrates how shrines and dwellings of holy men became places of healing, and that the presence of demons or exorcisms proved the power of Christian spiritual leaders. This theme is elaborated in chapter 4, which discusses the importance of shrines as loci of religious activity of many forms. Frankfurter especially focuses on the importance of festivals, as well as divination through incubation, both of which proved the holiness of a location. Chapter 5 delves into the creation of votive objects, textiles, and art, while chapter 6 discusses the creation of manuscripts and other religious works. Interestingly, Frankfurter focuses more on the artisans than their products in these chapters, discussing how the act of creation imbued an object with special power and conveyed the meaning the object had in the mind of the recipient. The final chapter discusses the importance of landscape for late ancient spirituality, wherein Frankfurter both summarizes and elaborates on earlier points to build a comprehensive picture of the culture.There are many commendable elements of this book, most notably the wealth of sources Frankfurter uses. His chapters on home votive objects and artisans were especially evocative in this regard, because he utilized numerous visual elements of religious practice to depict the lives of ordinary men and women in late Antique Egypt. He gave the items context, both to written descriptions of rituals such as dances and to how these items were valued by individuals and artisans. As well, his employment of both written and archeological evidence masterfully enhanced his discussions in every chapter.One of the major strengths of this book is also one of its weaknesses. Frankfurter endeavors throughout the book to use the term “syncretism” in a unique way. He describes syncretism as a “creative process,” combining elements of paganism with “true Christianity” (11, 15). He therefore sets up a contrast between “conversion” and “syncretism,” showing where the “pagan holdouts” remained within the culture (3–4). Frankfurter is not alone in the use of this contrast, but since his argument rests largely on this concept, it is necessary to critique how Frankfurter specifically uses it in his analysis. This contrast between “syncretism” and “conversion” reflects the written evidence of the period by Christian authors and hagiographers. The problem lies in the fact that these assumptions are not adequately contextualized in a robust way, which sets up a false dichotomy between the “syncretism” practiced by the local population and the concept of “conversion” articulated by educated Christians within the institutional church. Frankfurter has all the sources necessary to make an excellent critique of both the local rituals and the commentators of these rituals, but in the present work he does not go quite far enough in addressing the assumptions of his sources.In sum, Christianizing Egypt does a marvelous job of vivifying the lives of ordinary Christians in late antique Egypt. His unique utilization of the term “syncretism” brings together a wealth of resources on conversion during the late antique period, which illustrates that the culture blended Christian and non-Christian elements into distinctive forms of worship and practice. This book represents a significant contribution to the literature, and it will surely stimulate discussion among scholars for years to come.

Arab Muslim social workers between the Sharia and Western interventions and their coping mechanisms

ABSTRACT This exploratory study of 34 religious, traditional, and secular Arab Muslim social workers in Israel traces the dilemmas caused by potential clashes between their professional and religious values. The findings suggest that although all the interviewees were aware of such clashes, only the religious ones adopted coping strategies to address them. The traditional workers regarded the conflicts in universal moral terms, and the secular workers distanced themselves from their religion. None of the respondents were familiar with the Islamization of social work in the Arab world that might have helped them resolve their dilemmas.

The Trilingual Prayer Copied by Avraham Firkowicz: The First Hebrew, Judeo-Slavic, and Crimean Judeo-Turkic Trilingual Text

Abstract This article presents a unique trilingual (Hebrew, Turkic, and Slavic) religious literary work from the personal archive of Avraham Firkowicz (National Library of Russia, St. Petersburg). The text, containing 129 lines (verses) in Hebrew characters, is written in Firkowicz’s own hand. Its author has not been reliably identified, but it is assumed that he could be a Karaite Jew from Łuck / Lutsk (Wolhynia, present-day Ukraine) with a good speaking-level knowledge of Slavic and Turkish (e.g., Joseph-Solomon Lutski or Mordechai Sultanski). The language of the Turkic version is a variety of Crimean Judeo-Turkic with many Turkish (Oğuz) features; the language of the Slavic version is based on standard Russian of the early 19th century with Church Slavonic, Ukrainian, and Polish elements.

Religion and Workers’ Associations for Decent Work in Spain

This paper analyzes the role of Catholic religious organizations and worker groups in their commitment to achieve the promotion of decent working conditions. Methodologically, critical discourse analysis (CDA) and the valuation of social anthropology applied to social and political regulations are used. The results show that defending decent work means putting people at the heart of matters and considering work a fundamental right for the dignity of human life. Conclusions show that actions such as guaranteeing workers’ rights, extending social protections, and promoting social dialogue are seen as essential in achieving the aim of decent work.

REFLECTION OF MUSIC & DANCE IN ANCIENT INDIAN INSCRIPTION

The word ‘inscription’ is derived from the Latin word ‘Inscripto’ which means something that is inscribed or engraved. It was engraved on clay (terracotta), stone pillars, copper plates, walls of temples, caves, and on the surface of much other metal and also even palm leaves. Very often we’ve seen it on coins and seals. It consists of important texts or symbols that reveal crucial information and evidence of ancient kings and their empires. Music is the soul of Indian culture. Indian music has an affluent tradition with its root in Vedic time. It is said that Indian music owes its origin to the Sāma Veda. The Vedic hymns were chanted with a particular pitch and accent which are used in religious work. Dance in India also has a rich and vital tradition since the beginning of our civilization. Dances of Indi were to give symbolic expressions which are also enlightened to religious ideas. Ancient Inscriptions, Engraving of Inscription, Music, Dance, Epigraphical Evidence.

Rebecca Louise Carter, Prayers for the People: Homicide and Humanity in the Crescent City

American Religion 2, no. 2 (Spring 2021), pp. 136–138 Copyright © 2021, The Trustees of Indiana University • doi: 10.2979/amerreli.2.2.08 Book Review Rebecca Louise Carter, Prayers for the People: Homicide and Humanity in the Crescent City (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2019) Ansley Quiros University of North Alabama, Florence, USA Prayers for the People took Rebecca Louise Carter over a decade to research and write, but it is certainly a book for our moment. As Americans confront the disaster of COVID-19 and the ongoing tragedy of racial injustice, Carter’s central question—what does it mean to grieve well?—is both historically and spiritually pressing. Conducting ethnographic research of religious communities in New Orleans, Carter seeks to examine how religious communities “worked against the violent ruptures of life in Black families and communities” and “asserted Black humanity , in this world and the next.” She examines the pervasive facts of environmental racism, poverty, and violence in post-Katrina New Orleans, focusing not solely on those oppressive systems and structures but also on the “systems and structures of Black humanity”—Black Humanity even in death (6). In doing so, Carter rightly asserts that struggles for systemic justice always require recognition of individual human dignity. To pursue justice in New Orleans, Carter argues through her examination of religious communities, demands love, care, and community. These are deeply personal as well as religious pursuits. The writing itself reflects the book’s argument, shifting from sociological, anthropological, and historical reviews into personal recollections and interviews throughout. Ansley Quiros 137 Carter’s analysis includes several different congregations and spiritual traditions in the Crescent City: white Catholics in Uptown, a Vodou sosyete in the Bywater, a small Episcopal congregation in Treme, and Liberty Street Baptist Church, a Black Baptist congregation led by Pastor Samuel and a group of Black women. Carter catalogues how these New Orleans congregations engage in various forms of grieving death and commemorating life. Father Richard places a rose for every victim of New Orleans’ violence on the steps of the Mayor’s office. Catholics engage in “Peace Prayer,” calling for God to bless “the Crescent City and crush the head of Satan” (73). Martine calls upon Ogou to correct imbalances in an elaborate ceremony. Black Baptists hold a Yes We Care! rally. Different congregations throughout the city do different things, but each, Carter maintains, employs a religious framework in mourning and agitating. In doing so, mourning and agitating become religious work. Prayers for the People, while including diverse congregations and religious traditions, focuses primarily on Liberty Street Baptist Church, centering the experiences, commitments and theological vision of Black women. Placing the church within the tradition of the Black Social Gospel and the theological civil rights struggle, Carter sees the current efforts of Liberty Street as an ongoing declaration of Black Somebodiness in a culture of dehumanizing racism. The church, under the (male) leadership of Pastor Samuel, emphasizes traditional values of nonviolence and biracial cooperation and benevolent relief. And yet, it is through the women of Liberty Street that Carter reveals the significance of the dead; they are Somebody too. Employing the interpretive frame of kinship studies, Carter claims “the labor they performed, therefore, was about repairing family, social, and spiritual bonds—a restorative kinship that affirmed value among the living, between the living and the dead, on earth, and in God’s eternal kingdom” (20). These women, the Black Mothers of Liberty Street, many of whom themselves had lost children, chart a spiritual and communal path necessary for healing. In sharing their stories and the stories of their communities, the Mothers carved out an autonomous space within the church and “developed a distinct knowledge—with God and Christ at the center—of social and spiritual relatedness, its severing, and its potential restoration” (167–168). Carter, through her presence at these meetings and subsequent interviews, tells these stories in moving and powerful ways. Hearing from Miss Vivian and Odette and Mrs. Adams, the interpretive frame takes on distinctive female voices to great effect. In sum, Carter not only centers the Black Mothers in the analysis, but she lets them speak for themselves. And they create not only a process...

Religious work of the Nayanmars who volunteered for the sacred offering of Food

Food is one of the basic elements needed to live a healthy life in the world. The body needs food to survive and food to survive. Only a healthy body can function with energy. The body also acts as a bridge to help the living reach the Lord. Sixty-three of the Nayans expressed their love for the Lord through their charities. It is noteworthy that the work done by a large number of ten Nayans was done by a large number of Nayans, although the Nayans practiced as many religious activities as they wished, providing foods, such as lighting, plowing, supplying, and providing clothing. Although there are many ways to practice religion, the Nayans amused the devotees who realized that the energy capacity of food was essential for the functioning of the body. This article sets out to explore the religious work of the Nayans who volunteered for such an amulet.

Wanita Haid dengan Metode Syarah Perspektif Teologi Islam

This study aims to discuss the sharah about the hadith of menstruating women from a theological perspective. This research is a qualitative type through literature study with the method of sharah and theological analysis. The results and discussion of this study include the meaning of menstruation, syarah about the hadith of menstruating women, and the problems of menstruating women with theological perspective. This research concludes that theologically menstruating women according to the hadith sharah can still maintain a relationship with Allah through practices such as charity, doing good deeds, reciting the Qur'an, praying, doing istighfar, and reciting zikr. This study recommends especially for Islamic religious extension workers to be able to provide understanding to Muslim audiences about the sharah about the hadith of menstruating women from a theological perspective.

On The Manuscript Copies Of “Al Kashshof” By Makhmud Zamakhshari

This article discusses one of the famous religious works named “Kashshof”, in particular, its manuscript copies (full name - “al-Kashshof fi haqaqiqi ghavomidi-t-tanzil va uyuni-l -aqovil fi vujuhi-t-ta'vil”) (“The one that opens the eyes of narrations by interpreting the hidden truths of the Qur’an”) of the great Chorasmian scholar Abul Qasim Mahmud Zamakhshari dedicated to the interpretation of the Holy Quran. Today, fourteen manuscripts of this tafseer (a comentary to the Holy Quran) are kept in the manuscript fund of the Institute of Oriental Studies named after Abu Rayhan Beruni of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. The article analyzes these fourteen manuscripts in detail from the point of view of source studies. The complete bibliographic index of each manuscript is recorded. The manuscripts also contain detailed information about the surahs (chapters in Quran) - how many verses, where they were revealed, how the surah interpretations were given, and the calligraphy of the manuscripts. At the end of the article, photos from the manuscripts of “Kashshof” are attached to give an idea of the manuscripts.

Pendidikan Humanistik Dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an

The concept of humanistic education in the Qur'an contains elements including: a) Human education physically and biologically; b) inner human education and psychology; c) social human education and d) spiritual education. Concepts in the perspective of Al-Qur’an which become the foundation for a humanist education, including: the nature of human form, the potential of humanity, and the purpose of human creation. The humanization applied in the Qur'an does not leave the role of man on earth as its function and role as "imarah al-ardl," and as a servant who is obliged to serve the khalik as his function and role as "ibad." As for education with a paradigm the humanists contained in the Qurʻan are: First, putting back all educational activities (talab al-ilm) under the framework of religious work which aims to seek the pleasure of Allah. Second, there is a comparison between religious knowledge and general knowledge. Third, freedom in developing science. Fourth, reviewing grounded science so that it can be implemented in daily life and start trying to implement an integrative educational strategy. The activities of human life are based on the spiritual dimension so that they do not harm others. This thought emphasizes the development of human potential in order to be able to portray themselves as ‘abd Allah and the khalifah of Allah. This education is intended to help students actualize their potential to become independent and creative people who are aware of God's presence in themselves.