Religious Views Research Articles

Identifying the main determinants that have an impact on the level of vaccination among children

Background. Thanks to vaccinations, many infections, including whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis B, hemophilic infection, pneumococcal infection, meningococcal infection, rotavirus infection, chicken pox, hepatitis A, papillomavirus infection, etc., can be prevented. According to the WHO research, it was established that if the level of vaccination coverage of the country's population drops by several percents, it creates favorable conditions for the spread of infectious diseases, that the lower the collective immunity, the higher the probability of outbreaks and epidemics. The Aim. Тo study and analyze the impact of risk factors on reducing the level of vaccine prophylaxis in the childhood population. Materials and Methods. This study was conducted using the questionnaire method, for which a questionnaire was developed. Group 1 consisted of 280 children who received a vaccination and group 2 consisted of 180 children who were not vaccinated. The parents of these children were interviewed using the author's questionnaire and gave their consent to use the medical data of the children for scientific research. Non-parametric statistical analysis for two independent sample populations was used to compare median values Mann-Whitney test. Fisher's test was used to compare proportions. Results. During the study, it was found that the most frequent reasons for parents' refusal to vaccinate their children were: religious views of family members 2.4 times increase the risk of non-vaccination in children; in single-parent families where the parents are divorced, children did not receive any vaccination 2.6 times more than in full-parent families; unfinished average of 35.7 times and lack of education 24.1 times increase the impact on the lack of vaccination in children. Conclusions. We identified the following risk factors that influence the vaccination rate, namely: demographic, socio-economic, biological and socio-psychological. Keywords: vaccine prevention, statistics, infectious diseases, risk factors.

The consideration of religious topic through a system of characters in the novel “The round house” by Karen Louise Erdrich

The novel “The Round House” by Karen Louise Erdrich relates about the events in the life of the Coutts family, Native Americans living on the territory of a reservation. The main plot is connected with a serious crime, the victim of which is the mother of Joe Coutts, but in the course of the narrative the writer describes many features of the culture and history of Ojibwe tribe. Religion belongs to the most important aspects of Indian life she focuses on. The difference in the religious views of individual members of the tribe is accounted for by the history of their ancestors’ residence on the continent and their interaction with whites. Louise Erdrich not only states the coexistence of traditional Indian beliefs and the Catholic faith within the tribe (for which she concentrates on the relevant characters who are adherents of a particular religious practice), but also traces the origins of this state of affairs. At the same time the writer does not portray Catholicism and the religious beliefs of the indigenous population as opposing ideas about the world. She tries to reconcile these two religions and argues that people do not necessarily have to choose one thing in an attempt to satisfy their spiritual needs; instead, they combine religious practices.

Philosopher of Law N.N. Alekseev about Values in Law

Introduction. The contribution of the famous Russian philosopher and legal scholar N. N. Alekseev to the doctrine of the values in law is studied based on his monograph “Fundamentals of the Philosophy of Law”. It is emphasised that, even though the interest (especially in recent years) to the theoretical heritage of N. N. Alekseev has increased, the analysis of the methodology of his approach to understanding the legal axiology in combination with the scientific, metaphysical and religious definitions is still required. N. N. Alekseev's philosophy of law plays a significant role in strengthening the legal values in Russia and affirming the legal culture, legitimacy and legal order. The aim of present research is to analyse N. N. Alekseev's philosophical and legal concepts concerning the values in law, to determine the methodology of his approach to understanding the legal axiology in combination with the scientific, metaphysical and religious views and to prove the prognostic importance of his original concept. Materials and Methods. The research material comprised the results of the analysis of the theoretical provisions of N. N. Alekseev, more specifically the analysis of the chapter of the book “Fundamentals of the Philosophy of Law” dealing with the problems of legal values. The dialectical method of cognition was the main method used for the research, along with the general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis and the legalistic method. By implementing the historical approach to the evaluation of the materials, the authors adhered to the comprehensiveness and objectivity of the analysis. The authors strived to demonstrate both the holistic logic of N. N. Alekseev’s philosophy of law and his understanding of the legal axiology in combination with the scientific, metaphysical and religious definitions. Results. In the present work, the authors have analysed the mindset of the Russian philosopher and legal scholar N. N. Alekseev, whose views concerning the values in law were neglected in the national juridical science during most of the twentieth century. The ethical and legal concepts of N. N. Alekseev and the critical attitudes to this issue presented in the theoretical works of the various scientists have been reflected upon. Special attention has been given to the profound adherence of N. N. Alekseev to the idea of immanent interrelation of the main problems of law with the value aspects. The article defines the prognostic importance of the original concept formulated by the philosopher and legal scholar. Discussion and Conclusion. The analysis of the methodology of N. N. Alekseev's philosophical and legal mindset is important for the Russian juridical science. Many of the ideas contained in his works have already had a strong impact and continue to affect the research of the modern philosophers and legal scholars concerning the topic of the legal axiology. The ahead of his time prescient conclusions of N. N. Alekseev about the role of value factors in the future development of the Russian state are of considerable interest in the context of the further development of Russia as a law-governed state.

Theocracy - Mysticism and Contemporaneity

Religion occupied a pivotal place in the life of our ancestors, even being a proof, at that time, of raising the degree of civilization of mankind. We say a pivotal place and not just an important one, since a large part of social life revolved around religion and its symbols. Often there was no boundary between politics and religion and what was Caesar's was not Caesar's. In those bygone times, political power was legitimized through a divine, cosmic, supernatural bond. No doubt that connection between politics and the supernatural was shrouded in mysticism. Today, when the importance of religion is in decline, humanity is more concerned with science, evidenced by sometimes exacerbated empiricism. It is as if there is no more room for the spiritual, for religion, the latter falling into a form of obsolescence. But is it so? Has religion really lost its ancestral role, is it headed for extinction? Contrary to a non-religious view we will notice that even in the present time there are societies in which religion and politics are intertwined, in which the source of state sovereignty is divinity and thus, we still have present theocratic political regimes. The divide between religious and non-religious views of society exists but understanding how theocratic regimes exist can lessen this divide.

Religijność przyszłych stańczyków w okresie młodości a ich późniejsze wyobrażenia religijne

This article discusses the religious views of Stanisław Koźmian, Ludwik Wodzicki and Stanisław Tarnowski, as well as the shape of their piety before the January Uprising. The religiousness of their youth was confronted and compared with their later religious views, which allowed for a change in their views over the years.This work begins with a discussion of the spiritual formation of the heroes of this article, which was greatly influenced by the family environment in which they were brought up - an environment of patriotic nobility and aristocracy, sincerely devoted to Catholicism (for personal and national reasons). However, despite their attachment to religion and fulfilment of religious practices (especially in the case of Stanisław Tarnowski and Ludwik Wodzicki), the future Staśniks were not uncritically inclined towards the Catholic Church. On the contrary - just like the majority of the generation to which they belonged - they often expressed negative opinions about the moral condition of the clergy, and were opposed to the secular power of the Pope, which put them in opposition to ultra-Montane members of their families and some members of the Hotel Lambert - the organisation with which they were ideologically and politically associated.After the January Uprising there was a gradual evolution of their views towards almost complete obedience to the institutional Church. Nevertheless, for several more years their religious outlook was marked by a certain liberalism, and their views on the behaviour of the Catholic Church were often critical, which resulted in accusations of moderantism being levelled at them by the ultramontane milieu of the "Przeglad Lwowski".

The Humanistic Process and Spatial Practice of Chinese Zhenshan 鎮山 Worship

The “Zhenshan” 鎮山 (which means a mountain that guards a certain territory) system is based on the traditional Chinese view of nature, which formed and developed through a long period of Confucian humanistic construction. It is the typical representation of China’s nature-oriented worship space, and it has unique spatial order and spatial significance in the world’s sacred mountain worship. The excavation of the spatial characteristics of Zhenshan worship and its network of humanistic meanings is an important part of research that aims to discover the traditional Chinese values of nature, religious views, and Chinese worship space. Based on the analysis of graphic historical materials and a digital chronicle literature review, this paper quantitatively analyzes the historical information of Zhenshan and summarizes the process of change from the birth of the concept of Zhenshan in the Zhou dynasty to the formation of the sacrificial system in the Han dynasty and its gradual localization after the Tang and Song dynasties with an analysis of its spatial pattern and characteristics of worship. The results show that Zhenshan is one of the typical cultural symbols of the transformation of Chinese mountain worship into the unity of government and religion. And it is a typical product of Confucianism, in which the worship of nature in China is integrated into the political system, and its worship space is rooted in the national, regional, and urban spaces at multiple levels. The Zhenshan system, in the course of its dynamic development, has formed two types of worship space: temple sacrificial and metaphorical constraint, constructing a Chinese worship space based on the order of nature, which is distinctly different from the inward-looking religious space of the West and the sacred mountain worship space formed around the religion of the “supreme god”.

Pandangan Tokoh Masyarakat Terhadap Pernikahan di Bulan Suro Tinjauan Hukum Islam Studi Kasus di Desa Dragan Kecamatan Tamansari Kabupaten Boyolali

Abstract— (People in Dragan Village avoid getting married in the month of Suro because it is said to bring bad luck. The overall objective of this study is to study how religious and political leaders view marriage in the month of Suro according to Islamic law. A qualitative, normative research strategy was used for this research. The next step is to collect data by conducting interviews and keeping notes in the field. According to research findings, marriages in the month of Suro originate from the desire to uphold ancestral customs. The results of the urf assessment include urf authentic if the motivation is only to avoid doubts and caution in getting married, but urf fasid if he feels that getting married in the month of Suro can bring disaster to the bride and groom. Keyword: Married, The Month of Suro, and Urf

Creationism - a Pseudoscience or Pseudoreligion

The research is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of spiritual culture of Modern times - creationism. Authors analyze the causes of creationist teachings, as well as develop a classification of forms of creationism. As such, the following are distinguished and analyzed: biblical creationism, scientific creationism, theological evolutionism, teleological creationism, alterism, missionary creationism. Biblical creationism is a literal understanding of the texts of the Bible relating to the creation of the Earth and man. Scientific creationism is an attempt by individual scientists to combine scientific knowledge with religious beliefs. It gathers scientific evidence in favor of the biblical narrative, and, at the same time, rational arguments against the scientific theory of evolution. On the contrary, theological evolutionism, especially in the form of concordism, tries to reconcile the scientific and religious view of evolution. This is achieved through the interpretation of Biblical symbols through modern scientific concepts, or by the creation of a new pseudo-religion (for example, Teilhardism). Teleological creationism, in the modern form of Intelligent Design theory, popular in Western Protestantism, using the data of natural sciences, criticizes the foundations of the theory of biological evolution, thus demonstrating the gap of natural causality in order to justify the supernatural purposefulness of the Universe. Alterism asserts that the very nature of the world before original sin was different, therefore, the current knowledge of nature cannot correspond to the original plan of God reflected in the Bible. For the first time, highlighted and explored in this work, missionary creationism seeks to interpret the Bible from the point of view of concepts of modern science in order to bring a person with an already formed scientific picture of the world to faith. It is shown that most of the above forms demonstrate a pseudoscientific or pseudo-religious essence. The authors make an assumption about the origins of creationist teachings rooted in the introduction of elements of Neoplatonic philosophy into Christian teaching. The seeming contradiction between science and religion in understanding the evolution of nature finds its explanation through the disclosure of creationism's claim to understand the world as a "thing in itself".

Redicalisation: A Challenge for Society

Radicalization refers to the process by which an individual or group adopts extreme beliefs, ideologies or practices, often involving political, social or religious views. This change can lead to acceptance of violent or extreme behavior. It is a challenge for society because there are many types of radicalization such as political radicalization, religious radicalization, and social radicalization. It is a complex process influence by many factors social and economic factor, psychological factor, online and peer influence. In this paper we will discuss about anti-terrorism legalization, mental health support, education and awareness for reduce the radicalization in the society.

Dostoevsky in the Literary Life of Armenia

The article examines the path of Armenian Dostoevsky studies — starting from the 80s of the 19th century. It was then that interest in Dostoevsky’s work arose in Armenian literary circles — in particular, in the periodicals of Tiflis, K. Polis, Petersburg, Paris. At the origins of Armenian studies of the Russian writer are the editors of Armenian newspapers and magazines Arpiar Arpiaryan, Levon Bashalyan, and Arshak Chopanyan. For the first time to Dostoevsky’s work contacted the editor of Tiflis newspaper “Mshak” Grigor Artsruni in 1880; he tried to consider the work of the novelist in the context of mysticism and religious views. And the first work of the Russian writer in the Armenian language was the story “Notes from the Dead House,” which was printed in 1885 in the weekly “Araks” published in Petersburg. The first work of the Russian writer translated into Armenian was the story “The Boy at Christ’s Christmas Tree,” published in 1886 in the Constantinople newspaper “Masis.” The translation was not signed. In 1892, in the St. Petersburg bulletin “Araks” were published “Notes from the House of the Dead.” The unknown translator left the work unfinished. The new translation of the story was done by Yervand Otyan. In subsequent years, the works of Dostoevsky were translated by K. Mirianyan, Shirvanzade, S. Shalchyan, G. Lerentz, K. Surenyan, A. Mazmanyan, A. Mekhakyan, A. Hovhannisyan and others. The writer’s death became an occasion for new reflections on his life and work. At the next stage of Armenian history, at the beginning of the 20th century, discussions about the novelist’s work became more often, lectures and discussions were organized at the literary evenings of the Caucasian Society of Armenian Writers. Many Armenian writers and critics recognized the influence of Dostoevsky not only on their creativity, but also on world perception (A. Oshakan, K. Surenyan, Nar-Dos, Shirvanzade). Some of them became translators of Dostoevsky (Surenyan, Shirvanzade), and some initiated new translations (Arpiaryan, Chopanyan). In the second half of the 20th century, Karpis Surenyan, Levon Mkrtchyan and Karen Stepanyan became the most important actors of the Armenian Dostoevsky studies. Remarkable typological and comparative parallels were drawn between Dostoevsky and Mickiewicz, Narekatsi, Shakespeare, Tolstoy, Schiller, Cervantes and other authors.

‘Rain has to do with God’s will’: Religion and perceptions of environmental change in a Muslim community in the Souss-Massa region of Morocco

In recent decades, increasing attention has been paid to environmental mobility in Morocco by policy-makers, non-governmental organisations, academics, and Islamic leaders. However, most empirical research on risk perceptions and religious views has relied on findings from Western and Christian communities, while data from Muslim communities or within communities strongly adherent to Islam are relatively rare. Nonetheless, Muslim communities are, globally, those most affected by climate change. These results are based on 38 in-depth interviews with Muslims in the Souss-Massa region of Morocco. Our analyses show how religious beliefs affect the ways in which people perceive and cope with environmental change. Nevertheless, religious beliefs do not necessarily imply that respondents automatically relate environmental change exclusively to God and that action is deemed unnecessary. Rather, we give a more nuanced image by presenting five different cultural repertoires which our respondents use when talking about climate and environmental changes.

THE EXISTENCE OF JEMAAH AHMADIYAH (AHMADYAH CONGREGATION) AFTER KETAPANG TRAGEGY IN WEST LOMBOK WEST NUSATENGGARA

This dissertation which is entitled ‘The Existence of the Jemaah Ahmadiyah (Ahmadiyah Congregation) after Ketapang Tragedy in West Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara’ has been actually inspired by the latently continued sectarian conflict issue resulting from the strong resistance put up by people to its existence. The pressure it has faced has been horizontal, vertical and structural. Based on the background and problem described above, three basic questions are discussed in this study and are formulated as follows: 1) how the existence of Jemaah Ahmadiyah (Ahmadiyah Congregation) after the Ketapang Tragedy in West Lombok is; 2) what strategies are developed to maintain its existence after the Ketapang tragedy; and 3) what are the meanings of its existence after the Ketapang tragedy? The approach of cultural studies, which includes the theory of social segregation, the theory of subaltern and the theory of practice, is used as the theoretical orientation. Qualitative descriptive and interpretative analysis is used as the research method in this study. The data needed were collected by in-depth interview, observation, library research and documentation.
 Based on the analysis of the results of the study, it is identified that the latent Ahmadiyah conflict occurring in Lombok has been the representation of the history forming the continued religious (Islam) discursive struggle. The claim of truth resulting from the epistemological difference in religious interpretation has been the source of the basic problem. As the characteristics of the religious interpretation developed by what is taught in Ahmadiyah is so autocritic (innovative) in nature that diametrically it extremely contrasts with the people who adhere to authoritarianism; it tends to be theopratical and its rivals tend to be theocentric; as a consequence, it is difficult to unite it and its rivals. After the Ketapang tragedy, the resistance put up to the Jemaah Ahmadiyah is getting socially and culturally segregated and this can be observed in socio-cultural, economic and religious aspects of life. The strategies it has developed to maintain its existence after the Ketapang tragedy are defensive strategy, consolidation strategy, intra-religious dialogue strategy and welfare improving strategy. The polemic of its existence, which used to pertain to theology and philosophy, is now expanding into sociological, cultural and political domains. Theologically, the continued discourse of Ahmadiyah conflict could mean the representation of the struggle of religious views with the epistemological difference as the source. Sociologically and culturally, the continued discourse of Ahmadiyah conflict is the representation of the fact that the local centrism politics is getting stronger. Politically, it might be stated to represent the confusing positions of the State and religions in Indonesia. Furthermore, it might indicate that the civilization war (gasw al-fikr): Islam versus the Western countries (which are identical with Christianity) would occur again.
 Keywords: existence, Ahmadiyah, after tragedy

Religion and poverty alleviation in South Africa

South Africa, like all nations, faces several societal ills. In recent years, poverty has seen an increase in its prevalence rates – gaining attention from local, national, and international institutions. Poverty as a global phenomenon has existed for centuries and is predicted to continue for the foreseeable future. Amid this gloomy prediction, religion offers a beacon of hope. Religious communities provide a sense of comfort, security, and hope for a better future. However, they are also institutions capable of great social change and influence. Considering South Africa’s diverse and large religious community, the question of how religious communities can support poverty alleviation efforts and curb the growth of poverty becomes important, necessary, and relevant to the existing discourse on multilateral collaboration towards poverty alleviation.Contribution: This article contributes to understanding different religious views on poverty towards understanding the importance of the religious community and interfaith dialogue and collaboration in addressing the growth of poverty in South Africa.

Faith and facts: Exploring the intersection of religion and science among anatomy educators.

The intersection of religion and science often elicits polarizing views among scientists, though approximately half of American scientists identify as religious. Mounting evidence also supports the role of spirituality in comprehensive patient care. The purpose of this study was to explore the religiosity of faculty who teach in the anatomical sciences at U.S. colleges and universities. Surveys were administered to anatomists through two professional societies. Two-thirds (64.9%, 74/114) of respondents identified as religious, 26.3% (30/114) as atheist, and 8.8% (10/114) as agnostic. Most respondents (64.9%, 74/114) disagreed with the statement, "There is no place for religion and science to intersect." Approximately one in three respondents expressed concern that sharing/disclosing their religious beliefs would negatively affect the perceptions of colleagues (32.5%, 37/114) and students (28.9%, 33/114) toward them. Faculty at faith-based institutions were more open to disclosing their beliefs (p = 0.045), and highly religious individuals were more concerned (p = 0.001). Fewer than one-fifth of respondents 17.5% (20/114) personally experienced mistreatment or discrimination within academic settings due to their religious beliefs. Most respondents held politically liberal-leaning views (71.0%, 76/107). Highly religious individuals were more likely to be politically conservative (p < 0.001). Overall, this study demonstrates that the number of anatomists who identify as religious may be higher than that of other biological disciplines and that mistreatment due to religious views remains a challenge for some in the profession. Continued dialogue regarding the role of religion in professional identity expression may be an important step in mitigating religion-focused mistreatment and discrimination in academic settings.

PERCEPTION OF DEATH IN CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH POETRY

This research is a determined attempt to reveal the perception of DEATH in contemporary English poetry. It has been a focal point of lengthy discussions and numerous reflections, as DEATH is a universal experience that everybody regardless of nationality, gender and marital status, religious and political views will go through one day. All people are mortal by nature, but the idea of what happens after death to some extent depends on the culture or religion they belong to. Thus, the religious perception of DEATH as a stage of transformation that puts an end to earthly suffering and paves the way for an everlasting, abundant life in Heaven can be traced in modern English poetry. It helps people embrace their own mortality, make peace with the fluidity of time and inevitability of DEATH. Another finding shows that DEATH is often depicted as the end of the journey, the awareness of which, on the one hand, fills life with meaning and motivates people to act on their dreams, but on the other, causes deep regrets about missed opportunities and wasted time. There is no distinct fear of DEATH in the studied poetry, but rather the feeling of immense sadness over something the person hasn’t done or can’t change.

The Conflict Between Reason and Faith: The Formation of The Universe Based on The Theories of Creation and Evolution

The conflict between reason and faith in understanding the universe's origins has been the subject of long-standing debate in various religious and scientific communities. This article undergoes an in-depth analysis of the two main views that define different views of the creation of the universe: creation theory and evolutionary theory. The first approach, which is based on creation theory, asserts that the universe was created by God in accordance with sacred texts, such as the Book of Genesis in the Bible. This view emphasizes the role of faith and religious beliefs in describing the universe's origins. This view interacts with modern scientific discoveries and how potential conflicts between religious beliefs and scientific evidence can be resolved. On the other hand, the evolutionary view relies on the origins of the universe on an ongoing evolutionary process, based on ever-growing scientific evidence. The theory of evolution views the creation of the universe as a process that took place over millions of years through biological and physical evolution. This concept influences religious views and how efforts are made to ease tensions between scientific views and religious faith.

A Comparative Study of Islam and Christianity's View of Nature

Some Western intellectuals, such as M. White, attribute the current environmental crises to a religious view of the environment, and believe that religious teachings about the environment have destroyed natural gifts in the world today. This needs to be reviewed and analyzed. The infiltration of some Aristotelian philosophical ideas of Ancient Rome into the body of Christian thought reinforces the views of people like M. White. While the ideas originated from the Greek school of Alexandria, inspired by Socratic thought, there has always been a loving view of nature, and nature has considered the embodiment of the gods which this thought has also been influential in some Christians in Europe. But the Oriental schools, and at the top of them the comprehensive school of Islam, have never been competitive and angry view with nature and have considered it a beautiful image of the divine creation. Therefore, the slogan of land destruction is due to a religious view, which is a false slogan. The propagation of Oriental rulings and teachings can have a large audience in the world and eliminate these biased attacks.

Cleaning an Indian City: A Case of Indore Municipal Corporation

The case is based on Indore Municipal Corporation, a city government in Madhya Pradesh, India. It revolves around the challenges a city government navigated through to become the cleanest city in India in the cleanliness ranking (Swachh Sarvekshan). In 2014, the Indian government launched the Clean India Mission. The cleanliness of cities was assessed in this mission based on several metrics, and Indore was placed 25th in 2016 among 73 cities and has continued to rank first in the country in subsequent years. Waste management was a major problem for the city, and the key to waste management is waste segregation. In order to transform, Indore had to go for segregated waste collection from residential and commercial sectors. Waste segregation cannot happen without effective citizen engagement as it is the citizens who generate waste and if they collect it in a segregated manner at their end the disposal can also happen in a similar fashion. This requires mobilizing citizens towards a new habit. Mobilizing residents in a country and city with compounded diversity in literacy, education, culture, religious views and customs was a complicated undertaking that required significant investment and political resolve. Also, before involving the community, the system needs to be redesigned so that it aligns with the altered practice at the citizens’ end. Citizens need to believe that their efforts were manifesting into something fruitful for society. The Municipal Commissioner was in a dilemma as to what kind of engagement strategy would work. Would information, education and communication be enough, or it required something more and beyond. This case tries to demonstrate the specific challenges and impacts that such a campaign brings and the learnings it generates in terms of citizen engagement, institutional arrangements and mechanisms of governance to benefit most and importantly envisage how the change can be sustained for long.

The Social and Political Thought of Sayyed ʿ⁠Ali Moḥammad Širāzi, the Bāb

Abstract Sayyid ʿ⁠Ali Muḥammad Širāzi (1819–50), known as “the Bāb”, is one of the most important modernizers of the 19th century in Iran. He is one of the first thinkers, within the Islamic thought’s modern framework, who challenged the forces of tradition such as the Shiite clergy and the Persian absolute monarchy by offering a new religious view, which went beyond Islamic religion. This article, after a brief reconstruction of the intellectual biography of the Bāb, will analyse his social and political thought, highlighting his main ideas regarding the role of rationality; the role of education and pedagogy; the economy and industrialization; the environment and the importance of civic cohabitation. The article will focus on Bāb’s views concerning the role of the women in the society and the abolition of the clergy from the religious sphere. This work will also show how Bāb’s thought contributed, together with secular and Islamic reformist intellectuals, to the Iranian constitutional revolution (Mašrūṭe) in the early 20th century.

Nāṣir Xusraw and his Rawšanā’ī-nāmа (“The Book of Enlightenment”) (beyts 456–590). Translation from Persian into Russian, comments and introduction

This article contains a commentary translation of the final parts of the poem Rawshanā’i-nama (bayts 456–590) by the outstanding poet and philosopher of the 11th century, Isma’ili preacher Nasir Xusraw Kubadiyani. The previous parts of the poem were published at different times, the last two in the journal Orientalistica for 2020 and 2022. The translation is based on the Tehran edition of 2001. Combining all parts of the translation into a single text is a matter of the future, especially since over the years of work the translators’ vision of the text and understanding of its meaning in the history of Persian literature and philosophy has undergo definite changes. Nevertheless, the appearance of a complete translation — the first in Russian and still not available in Western languages — will expand the perception of the of Nasir Xusraw’s work and then may be useful not only to narrow specialists. The translation is provided with the possibly complete commentary on the text, but leaves outside its interpretation. The text is preceded by an introductory article concerning a discussion of some aspects of the implication of religious and philosophical views in poetic narrative aimed at “education of morals” and “improvement of the soul”.