Religious Views Research Articles

Pengembangan Objek Wisata Taman Bunga dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa Jatimulyo Kecamatan Jati Agung Kabupaten Lampung Selatan Menurut Perspektif Ekonomi Islam

The flower garden in the Jati Agung District is one of the tourism assets based on local agro tourism, which is a flower display garden. With this flower garden tour, the Jatimulyo community can be independent without depending on others and can be an opportunity for the local community to help their economy. Therefore, assistance is needed in the form of developing science and technology for the trading community in that place. This type of research includes field research. This research will eventually be analyzed, so the research process raises data from problems in the field relating to the development of flower garden tourism objects in empowering the community of Jatimulyo village, Jati Agung sub-district, South Lampung district according to an Islamic economic perspective. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the impact of developing tourism potential on community economic empowerment in flower garden tourism is the independence of the community in developing self and regional potential for community and regional development. The economic empowerment of the community according to Islamic economics is as the goal of Islamic economics itself, namely all the rules revealed by Allah SWT in the Islamic system that lead to the achievement of goodness and prosperity. Therefore, a flower garden tourism object in a religious view is positive, because it is run in a good way to achieve a good goal as well. Therefore, suggestions that can be given are to the local government of Jatimulyo village and Jati Agung sub-district, it is hoped that they can continue to develop ideas or ideas for the development of tourism objects and can continue to socialize and invite local people to be aware of tourism and can participate in the development of tourism management that can improve tourism. community and regional welfare.

Analysis of Regional Regulations of Sragen Regency Number 8 of 2018 concerning Tourism Organization

Sragen Regency has a very potential tourism area in the form of natural tourism, man-made tourism, cultural tourism, geo-tourism, eco-tourism, water tourism, religious tourism, culinary tourism and superior product tourism whose development needs to be directed in order to realize people's prosperity and welfare, encourage equal opportunity strive and gain benefits, and be able to face the challenges of changes in local, national and global life. This Regional Regulation is stipulated in order to improve services for orderliness and ease of tourism development, create a tourism business atmosphere that pays attention to religious values, customs, and views and values ​​that live in society, then the implementation of tourism in Sragen Regency needs to training, supervision and control.

SOME ISSUES OF RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS IN KUSHAN CITIES

This article is about the researches analysis of religious structures in the urban planning of the Kushan period of Bactria. Bactria is historically divided into two parts, which played an important role during the Kushan period: Northern and Southern. Northern Bactria covers the territory of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. The religious structures of Northern Bactria in the Kushan period monuments identified so far in these areas have been analyzed on the example of various religious views. Religious structures related to religious beliefs, such as Buddhism or dynastic cult, have been studied separately. However, the religious structures which belong to Kushan period have been analyzed insufficient as a single study. Religious buildings are classified according to which part of the city they are located in and what religion the religious buildings belong to. At the same time, the role of religious buildings in urban planning was revealed.

Validating the behavioral Defining Issues Test across different genders, political, and religious affiliations

AbstractThe Defining Issues Test (DIT) has been widely used in psychological experiments to assess one’s developmental level of moral reasoning in terms of postconventional reasoning. However, there have been concerns regarding whether the tool is biased across people with different genders and political and religious views. To address the limitations, in the present study, I tested the validity of the brief version of the test, that is, the behavioral DIT, in terms of the measurement invariance and differential item functioning (DIF). I could not find any significant non-invariance at the test level or any item demonstrating practically significant DIF at the item level. The findings indicate that neither the test nor any of its items showed a significant bias toward any particular group. As a result, the collected validity evidence supports the use of test scores across different groups, enabling researchers who intend to examine participants’ moral reasoning development across heterogeneous groups to draw conclusions based on the scores.

THE PARENTAL FAMILY AS A MODEL OF YOUTH MARRIAGE FORMATION (AN ETHNO-CULTURAL ASPECT)

Abstract. The purpose of this work is to theoretically explain and empirically investigate the role of socio-psychological characteristics of the parental family in shaping marital partner choice. The subject of the research is the role of socio-psychological features of the parental family in shaping the choice of a marriage partner by young people of different ethnic backgrounds. The specific socio-psychological moral climate of the family has a certain influence on the course and realisation of many spheres and functions of future marital and family relationships. The nature of personal development and socialisation in family relationships is also influenced by the birth order described in the concepts of sibling positions. The role and place of religion in people's lives is emphasised, and the likelihood of its influence on family values is assessed. Undoubtedly, the decisive factor in personal development, upbringing and formation is the family, the moral climate of which determines what kind of person growing up will be and the very choices he or she will make in later life. It is in the family that the initial stage of personal socialization takes place and the processes of identification, including the child's personality, take place. All this is a topical issue for the study of marriage and family relations of specific ethnic groups.
 It has been found that there were links between the level of family well-being, parental upbringing style, religious views, level of material security, ethnicity and the characteristics of the choice of future partner. It has been found that there are differences in the socio-psychological features of the parental family and the choice of future partner by young people of different ethnic backgrounds. The findings add to the theoretical basis of the science and open up perspectives for future research on the topic.

Socio-political and religious views in the Puritan philosophy of the American thinker Thomas Hooker

Socio-political and religious views in the Puritan philosophy of the American thinker Thomas Hooker

Время молчать и время говорить: «Точка зрения на мою писательскую деятельность» С. Кьеркегора

The article is devoted to the work of the Danish thinker Søren Kierkegaard “The Point of View for My Work as an Author” which is the most complete statement on the topic of his use of pseudonyms. The purpose of the article is to reveal the meaning of “The Point of View” for the study of the thinker’s creativity, to identify and discuss work-related problems. The first part of the article is devoted to the history of the cre­ation and publication of “The Point of View”. The interpretations of pseudonymity in “The Point of View” and “Concluding Unscientific Postscript” are compared, the dif­ference between the goals and circumstances of the creation of works is considered. The reasons why Kierkegaard postponed the publication of “The Point of View” and never published it are analyzed. In the second part of the article the content of “The Point of View” is considered. Kierkegaard's interpretation of authorship and re­lated problems are analyzed. Kierkegaard connects his interpretation with the modern crisis of Christianity and shows that in these conditions a direct message about Chris­tianity is impossible. A religious author who carries out indirect communication ap­pears as a new religious type. The formation of these views of the thinker and their sig­nificance in the context of his epoch are discussed. The author of the article shows that the last part of “The Point of View” is in contradiction with its first part. Next, the criti­cism of “The Point of View” is considered. The author concludes that the skeptical atti­tude towards the content of the work is fair, but it is more aimed at destroying ideas about the possible integrity of Kierkegaard’s work and is influenced by Derrida’s doc­trine of deconstruction. The contradiction between the parts of “The Point of View” may be a consequence of Kierkegaard’s religious views and his communicative strat­egy. Arguments are made in favor of a positive attitude to the work and problems are formulated, work on which will help clarify the topic of pseudonymity. The author con­cludes that “The Point of View” is an important source through which we can trace the change in Kierkegaard’s attitude to his work.

Correlation between the religious and the secular by F. M. Dostoevsky (based on “Writer’s Diary” and letters)

The article analyzes Dostoevsky’s religious and philosophical views on the correlation between the religious and the secular. The article examines journalistic works and letters of the writer. The analysis has shown that Dostoevsky’s philosophical thought is christocentric, moreover the dispute about the relationship between the religious and the secular as well as the dispute about the correlation between the religious and the historical process itself are immersed by him in a theological Christian context. Dostoevsky denied and criticized the key concepts of political philosophy of the Modernity (“Enlightenment”, “Progress”) and filled them with Orthodox understanding. He viewed religion and the culture itself (including rational thinking) as a subsystem of Christianity considering any social relations as a derivative of religion and as part of religion, and not as autonomous spheres. He considered any secular ideals and norms as religious and moral categories, put them inside the religious discourse of Christianity. Thus he doubt on the ontological usefulness of the “secular” as a philosophical category.

«Знаете ли, я думал отдать мир папе…»: антикатолический пласт романа Ф.М. Достоевского «Бесы»

We analyzed the anti-Catholic discourse of the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky “Demons” (1872). The object of the study is the religious and confessional views of F.M. Dostoevsky in the aspect of the writer’s polemics with Catholicism and the papacy. The research methodology is based on the principles of comparative and contextual analysis. The interdisciplinary nature of the study is due to the appeal to theological, philosophical, religious-confessional and socio-political issues. The materials of the study were the text of the novel “Demons”, handwritten editions and draft notes to the novel, as well as external to F.M. Dostoevsky’s sources are historiosophical, polemical, historical literature, etc. In the course of an ideological content of “Demons” consistent review, the author identified three areas of anti-Catholic polemics implemented by the writer on the novel pages: anthropotheistic, Christological and socio-political. All three aspects are concentrated in the complex image of Nikolai Vsevolodovich Stavrogin – a demon, a man-god, an antichrist and novel world impostor. The motive of the worldwide Catholic conspiracy threatening Russia is displayed in the political constructions of Pyotr Stepanovich Verkhovensky. The practical significance of the results of the study lies in the possibility of their further use in a comprehensive study of F.M. Dostoevsky’s religious and historiosophical system of views, as well as by introducing the results obtained into the educational process for conducting seminars on the history of Russian literature.

Peculiarities of religious and secular views on upbringing and moral development

This article analyzes two approaches to the educational process: postsecular, based on John Dewey’s educational project, and religious, based on Sergei Rachinsky’s peasant school project, which was based on the principle of Christian love. The need to analyze these approaches stems from the global challenges that call for a rethinking of the philosophical foundations of contemporary education, which until recently was understood as a “marketplace of educational services”, where all pedagogical approaches and practices are in demand, while the achievements of educational creativity are losing their most important and essential element — human personality development. The secularization tendency leads to haphazardness and randomness in organizing both the educational process and the implementation of pedagogical training, because the processes are in fact dependent on momentary and transient historical, political, cultural, and other circumstances. As a result, an important property of contemporary science is pointed out, which determines the one-sidedness of any purely secular approach to educational problems. This quality is manifested in the fact that contemporary science urgently needs such an integrated discipline as theology, which would unify the diverse achievements of secular science on the basis of traditional values.

РОЛЬ ДХАРМИЧЕСКИХ ВОЗЗРЕНИЙ В СТАНОВЛЕНИИ ЮЖНОАЗИАТСКОЙ МОДЕЛИ ПРИРОДОПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ

South Asia is the place where Dharmic religious and philosophical views (Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism) originated and flourished. In ethnic ecology they are classified as ecophilic (friendly to the natural environment). The understanding of nature as a ‘living being’, in contrast to the Abrahamic religions, even at the early historical stages determined the originality of nature management systems in India and their relative social and environmental sustainability. Since the Painted Grey Ware culture, when the role of cattle breeding decreased, agriculture got a predominantly crop orientation. Under agrarian overpopulation, in order to avoid crises, it was necessary to somehow limit the consumption of natural resources, especially land. The social and cultural institutions that originated in the depths of dharmic views were the best way to reduce the load on natural life supporting systems. The class hierarchy of varnas, the laws of Manu with the rule ‘the hand of the artisan is always pure’, the development of a hierarchical caste structure, a rural community with a system of mutual exchange, and other institutions can be interpreted as a response to the socio-ecological crisis in a densely populated society under a relative shortage of natural resources in the main agricultural areas of South Asia. The article focuses on the formation and influence of traditional Hindu-Buddhist views on the economic and cultural patterns of South Asia, considers the ecological functions of culture, including the sacralization of natural objects. Many of the considered cultural phenomena are confirmed from the positions of present-day ecology.

RELIGIOUS IDEAS USED IN THE WORKS OF MEVLANA JALALADDIN RUMI ASEDUCATION METHODS

The object of study and analysis was the religious views of MevlanaJalaladdinRumi, known as “Mevlana”, “Pir”, “Insani-kamil”, “Parent of parents”, “The greatest poet". The essence of education in Mevlana's work lies in the Great God, society, people, living and inanimate nature, material and spiritual values, in relation to himself, his students, other religious races, etc. "The one who does not merciful to the younger, does not respect the elder, does not do him good, does not care about him, does not renounce evil, cannot take care of Islam," says MevlanaJalaladdinRumi, who was engaged in the worship of God, aspired to achieve spiritual reality. The article also notes that Mevlanapreaches to the younger generation such an idea: only religious, national and racial prejudices separate people, nationalities and nations from each other, lead humanity into the abyss. In the eyes of a reasonable person who understands the true meaning of human life, there is neither a Muslim, nor a Christian, nor others, there is only a person.

Дуализм чувственной и духовной любви в немецкой философии

The article deals with the spiritual component of such a unique phenomenon as love. The aim of the work is to analyze the spiritual side of love in the German philosophy of Im. Kant, G. W. F. Hegel, A. Schopenhauer and L. Feuerbach, namely Christian and non-Christian, including mythological, sensual-spiritual images of love. and the task is to compare the understanding of the sensual-spiritual side of love in the works of these philosophers. The relevance of this study is associated with the great importance of German classical philosophy in understanding love as both a spiritual and sensual phenomenon, which seems important due to the modern exaggerated sensual understanding of the world. It is noteworthy that the aesthetic in this context was interpreted as a sensually perceived, non-utilitarian attitude of a person to reality, capable of elevating him to a state of spiritual and sensual euphoria. The object of this study is the understanding of love in the philosophy of Kant, Hegel, Schopenhauer and Feuerbach. The subject is the ratio of sensual and spiritual love in German philosophy. The article provides an analysis of the philosophical and religious views of these thinkers in the field of understanding love as an aesthetic phenomenon. The purpose of the work is to reveal specifically religious, namely Christian and non-Christian sensual-spiritual images of love. Philosophers' concepts are considered sequentially, including in a comparative section and polemics between authors.

Табельные дни в системе инородческого управления XIX века: установление режима работы служащих

In the early 19th century, the Russian Empire maintained a multivariate management system, among other things, due to incompleteness of integrative processes towards the inorodtsy population. Since Imperial approval of the “Rules for the Administration of the Kalmyk People” (1825; hereinafter referred to as the "Rules") determining legal status of the Kalmyk steppe, a management structure was finally formed that directly regulated the life of the autochthonous population. In accordance with legal norms of the "Rules", a vertical of power was established, powers of officials were designated, and regime of the inorodtsy administration was determined. The article assesses working arrangements of the inorodtsy administration employees in a case-study the Council of the Astrakhan Kalmyk Administration in the period from 1836 to 1847. Despite rich historiographical base on the history of officialdom in Russia, some aspects of it remain outside researchers’ attention. Absence of special works on standing orders regulating service of the representatives of non-Orthodox confessions in the system of inorodtsy administration has determined the relevance of the study. Correspondence chain of comrade of the Chief Bailiff of the Kalmyk people—governor—Minister of Internal Affairs, found in the fond “Lamai Spiritual Administration” of the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia, permit to establish working hours of the Kalmyk employees, and also role of the Buddhist clergy (represented by the Lamai Spiritual Administration) in the process of integration of the Kalmyk steppe into the general imperial space. The initiated introduction of state holidays in the system of inorodtsy administration began in gubernias, but was approved by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. State holidays in the system of inorodtsy administration were coordinated with hierarchs of confessional structures, in this case, the Buddhist church. From second quarter of the 19th century, the list of state holidays was sent to the uluses in circular letters, and later printed and distributed across the steppe. The author comes to the conclusion that differences in the religious views of the employed Russian Empire subjects did not derogate their dignity; on the contrary, involvement of clergy, respect for traditions and customs of the inorodtsy population was a means of their integration into general imperial space.

Лингвосемиотические особенности знаков смерти в хантыйских народных сказках и преданиях

The paper analyzes the phenomenon of death through Khanty folk tales, legends, and bailichkas. The necessity of characterizing the death phenomenon – the structure of death signs, their sources, their occurrence in texts – is substantiated, and a brief analysis of the scholarly literature on the subject in question is provided. Death is commonly addressed in folklore, except in children’s fairy tales, where death is portrayed more discreetly. The death signs are described within the classification of the American pecialist in semiotics, C. S. Pierce, also considering the experience of D. A. Pisarenko, who systematized the death signs in the Russian folk tales. Folklore texts feature the death theme when the protagonist encounters hostile spirits, fights enemies, or meets dead people. This theme has its specific place in various folklore genres, with its signs classified by certain plot types. Found in the texts are indirect signs of death not referring directly to death, but only hinting at it. The analysis of four bailichkas reveals the deeds of aggressive deceased persons representing the death signs together with the coffin, bones, a deserted camp, and cut hair. Four types of mixed death signs have been found: (1) “index + icon” signs associated with personal knowledge about biological death and reflecting the external death signs; (2) “index + symbol” signs associated with death through funeral rites; (3) “symbol + index” signs represented by one sign – “lower world” – reflecting the religious views of a person, (4) “symbol + index + icon” signs, most ancient and semantically ambiguous signs.

The Role of the Islamic Factor in the Daily Life of the Ruling Elite of Ottoman Egypt in the Second Half of the 18th Century

This article focuses on the religious practices of the ruling elite of Ottoman Egypt in the second half of the 18th century. The interest in this unstudied topic stems from the paradoxical situation that developed in the Egyptian Eyalet, one of the most important and authoritative religious and cultural centers of the Ottoman Empire. The majority of the autochthonous population were supporters of the Islamic faith, but the Egyptian ruling elite was reproduced at the expense of foreigners from Christian families. Accordingly, most of them were introduced to Islamic values only from the moment they entered the country. The main content of the study is the analysis of the peculiarities of spiritual and moral-value orientations of the ruling emirs of Egypt, as well as the study of the main forms of their daily religious practices. On the basis of the study of a wide range of sources it was established that the system of religious views prevailing in their community was a vivid example of religious syncretism, which included elements of Sunni Islam, Sufism, as well as folk traditions, superstitions and cults. As a result of the studies, the author concludes that the new generation of Egyptian military and political elite, that came to power in Egypt in the mid-18th century, was less sensitive to matters of religious faith than their predecessors. Nevertheless, Islam continued to play an important role in their everyday life, influencing their conduct patterns.

Работа А. Н. Островского с древнерусскими источниками в двух редакциях драмы «Козьма Захарьич Минин, Сухорук»

The problem of Old Russian sources’ using in historical dramas by A. N. Ostrovsky has been raised many times in literary studies. However, the works devoted to the study of the changes made in the second version of the play “Kozma Zakharyich Minin, Sukhoruk” did not include an analysis of differences in the approach to ancient Russian materials. The article provides the comparative analysis of playwright versions in terms of the use of facts, images, stylistic means dating back to the Russian medieval monuments. The analysis of the texts led to the conclusions that about the reducing the number of historical facts and of direct arrangments of Old Russian texts, therefore, the sequence and the details of the narration decreased in the second version. The monologues of the characters reflecting the religious views of the Middle Ages were removed, so the ideological and psychological motivation of character’s actions became weaker. The love line, nonexistent in the sources, became consistent and complete. The role of some fictional characters associated with the Old Russian tradition has changed. As a result, in the second version the personal destinies of historical and fictional characters came to the fore instead of the epoch-making events of the 17th century. Rearranging of the accents changed the genre of the play: from a “dramatic chronicle” it turned into a historical drama.

Sally in Three Worlds: An Indian Captive in the House of Brigham Young

Sally in Three Worlds: An Indian Captive in the House of Brigham Young

Historical stages of the formation of religious views in Uzbekistan

Historical stages of the formation of religious views in Uzbekistan

Fear and Loathing in Zarahemla: The Viper on the Hearth and the Book of Mormon as Denominational Attack

Fear and Loathing in Zarahemla: <i>The Viper on the Hearth</i> and the Book of Mormon as Denominational Attack