Religious Terms Research Articles

THE TRANSLATION OF ARABIC LEGAL DOCUMENTS: A CASE STUDY OF PALESTINE DIVORCE DOCUMENTS

This study is about the translatability of Arabic religious legal terms in Palestinian divorce documents. It is a qualitative descriptive study which aims at exploring the translator’s choices and decisions in dealing with divorce terminologies to determine the determinant norms that can affect or enhance divorce terminologies in Arabic-English translation. In doing so, Vinay and Darbelnet’s translation procedures are followed to assess the translations. The study has looked into the translations of divorce terminologies in Palestinian divorce documents. Translated texts of Palestinian divorce documents have been selected from Palestinian sworn translators and certified translation offices to be representative of this text type. A set of specified divorce terms have been analysed. As a result, it is discovered that the translators rely highly on the direct strategy to translate general terms such as ‘nafaqa, dukhul, ibra’ while the oblique technique is used to translate culture-specific terms such as: khalwa, raji, baen baynona sughra and kubra’. The research reveals also that the translations decisions depend not only on translation norms, but also on language norms related to culture- specific terms.

An implicit good news in a Javanese indigenous religious poem

Contextualising biblical teaching entails the adoption of certain forms, terms or thought patterns that might confuse the original message, especially if the effort takes place in a Javanese culture context that is full of subtlety and indirect communication. This study analyses a Javanese poetry form that contains the narrative of Jesus’ encounter with a Samaritan woman. The indigenous poems are widely sung by the adherents of Javanese indigenous religions. However, only a few studies are conducted on such indigenous poems that contain Christian messages. This study examines whether or not the poetry form and religious terms that the writer used could serve as a vehicle to convey the good news message of the narrative of John 4:4–42 instead of creating impediment. Through literary form analysis followed by content analysis, the results showed that the Javanese poem contains several cantos, each with an embedded meaning. Finally, it intends to demonstrate how a combination, instead of contestation, of the indigenous, Islam and Christian terms is effective for the writer’s purpose. Thus, the writer’s choice was suitable in his effort to communicate the original teaching.Contribution: This study contributes to inter-religious communication by identifying the Javanese indigenous communication pattern, particularly the placement of their messages inside their poem’s structure and in various terminologies. Strengthening inter-religious communication to create a mutual understanding in Indonesian pluralistic society is needed especially as the Javanese indigenous religions are often misunderstood.

Three sources of W. B. Yeats’s syncretic Christ: Dante, Blake and the Upanishads

This paper considers the sources that inform W.B. Yeats’s conception of Unity of Being. Yeats expresses this concept in religious terms and syncretically aligns his ‘Christ’—his Unity of Being—with an amalgamation of belief and philosophical systems. In this paper, I focus on a triad of influences that Yeats frequently drew together: Dante, Blake, and the Upanishads. Through a reading of images from the poems ‘Ego Dominus Tuus’ and ‘The Phases of the Moon’, this paper hopes to enrich existing literature on Yeats’ religious self-conception as it stood at the publication of the second edition of A Vision. This article will explore how, since Yeats considered his pre-occupation with Unity of Being to be the origin of A Vision, the abovementioned poems are further connected to the background of Yeats’s fictional characters Michael Robartes and Owen Aherne through references to ‘Rosa Alchemica’ and Yeats’s play, Calvary. 

Making Sense of Senseless Times:Religious Narratives and Identity in the Memoirs of Far-right Militants in Turkey

ABSTRACT This article traces the autobiographical narratives of the far-right Ülkücü militants in Turkey, based on memoirs written in the aftermath of the 1980 coup. The Ülkücüs, who had fought on the streets against the leftist during the 1970s in the name of the state and nation, experienced a great rupture in their lives following their torturous treatment at the hands of the junta. This article examines the ways in which narratives functioned in their attempts to make sense of their situation and in their attempt to regain coherence and meaning in terms of identity. We find that while their autobiographical narratives formulated in religious terms helped to instigate a sense of meaning, worth, and coherence in the lives of the Ülkücüs, these same narratives also ensured that they could escape any conscientious attempt to come to terms with the past. With this work, we hope to open new avenues of research, particularly focusing on the role of autobiographical narratives both in terms of the construction and negotiation of political identities and in relation to the prospects of coming to terms with the past.

What’s in a Word? The Ubiquitous and Multidimensional Address Form hoca(m) in Turkish

Like many other words, hoca(m) has undergone a historical development. Originally a religious term, hocam has turned into a widespread and multidimensional address form in Turkish academic settings expressing the sociosemantic notions of solidarity, equality, respect, intimacy, and distance. In this study, after tracing the historical development of the word hoca, the results of first-hand observation over a period of eight years in Turkish academic settings will be presented. Subsequently, the statistical analysis of the quantitative data collected through a questionnaire will be provided, which will be followed by participants’ comments and reflections on the use of this address form. All the results point to the fact that hocam is the predominant and pervasive address term in Turkish universities. It is hoped that the present study will make a contribution to the field of sociosemantics by introducing a unique case of an address form.

<i>Christus medicus</i>: teologia i metàfora de la curació espiritual

Summary: This article focuses on the study of the topic of Christus medicus from a theological and literary point of view in late medieval texts. It is necessary to start from the fact that this motif is not easily found in original texts, nor in the Holy Scriptures,with the same relief in which it operates in the discourses of the preachers and in literary works of the 14th and 15th centuries. The presence of the topic can take shape in three areas: recurring similarities between medical and religious terms; signs of Christ as the healer of the people, thaumaturge, and metaphorical aspect, according to which Christ is the true physician. This image becomes a leitmotif, and gives cohesion to various fragments of sermons both by Giordano Da Pisa and by St. Vincent Ferrer delivered in Europe, with success among the public who listened to them. In addition, in Jaume Roig’s Spill it is shown that authentic health requires true, divine medicine. This article will discuss how this motif acquires a very new and recurring tone in many passages of the Vita Christi of Isabel de Villena, as part of the goal of following the model of Christ and the Virgin, as a spiritual doctor of humanity, through meditation and reflection.Keywords: health, medical Christ, topic, preaching, spiritual doctor.

Delimiting Religion

Delimiting Religion

Orientasi Baru Pendidikan Islam Era Millenial

This paper examines the main orientation of education which is not only a mastery of knowledge, but as a bridge that leads people to awareness, belief and positive thoughts so that they can know God better as part of the existence of life in this world. The method used is library research method with a descriptive normative approach that emphasizes the analysis of the data sources found. The results of the analysis of verses and data sources can be concluded that the purpose of Islamic education is to shape humans according to their nature so that they can live like human beings in terms of strengthening faith, reason, physical, spiritual and social oriented to piety as servants of Allah and caliphs in the world. As humans, there needs to be a balance between human abilities in terms of intelligence, religious, professional, and social. In addition, the orientation of Islamic education can be packaged with economic stability in order to eradicate inequality and social injustice. Educational institutions have a special task and role to produce people who think and feel, think and do remembrance, and people who are humble are not arrogant.

The promise of space—Prospect for a brighter future or tourist destination?

AbstractThe Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space from 1962 describes space as a new frontier that is understood by the United Nations as an inspiration and a prospect for a brighter future for humanity. The declaration describes space in almost religious terms and commits nations to high standards conduct when engaging in space exploration. With the advent of NewSpace and private actors in space exploration it seems necessary to look at the spirit and the religious undertones of the declaration and see where it is still applicable and where a comparison of space exploration and the religious promise of the original declaration can help shape the future of space exploration today.

New cold war in the Middle East

The aim of this article is analysis of a regional conflict between Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Islamic Republic of Iran. In media this conflict is known as “New Cold War” or “Cold war in the Middle East”. It is mentioned that analysts often paint this conflict as a purely religious (Sunni vs Shia). However, in this article the author states that conflict is not purely religious. Article analyses several focal points, like post-Hussein Iraq, proxy wars in Yemen, Bahrain and Syria. Special attention he paid to Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). Saudi Arabia welcomed Trump decision to abandon Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. In other words, the conflict cannot be defined in purely religious terms.

Sociology of religion in the system of scientiSc knowledge

The article examines the sociology of religion as one of the spheres of sociological cognition, as well as those approaches to the definition of religion that predetermined the specifics of the development and self-identification of the sociology of religion in the system of scientific knowledge. The author compares various ideas about religion that exist in everyday consciousness, definitions of religion in the system of theology and its scientific interpretations. At the same time, it is emphasized that recently the efforts of scientists have begun to focus on finding a new, more balanced and universal approach to the definition of religion, although any attempt to give a final definition of religion is doomed to be limited and debatable.The heterogeneity of the tools and approaches used by the sociology of religion has created a serious problem of its place in the structure of sociological knowledge. The sociology of religion is most often identified either with religious sociology or with an autonomous branch in the horizontal structure of sociology. These two scientific identities of the sociology of religion appear both blurred and limited. Without denying the value of generally accepted directions for the sociological analysis of religion, the author reveals a lot of diverse and heterogeneous directions, within which both classics of sociological science who studied religion and modern sociologists worked. As a result, the sociology of religion is simply an arbitrary set of topics, including the analysis of fundamental works of a predominantly socio-philosophical nature, replete with religious terms that are incomprehensible to a reader unfamiliar with at least the basics of religious studies, especially to a student, seriously complicates the understanding of the essence and methodology of the sociological analysis of religion. For this purpose, the article differentiates and structures the subject Jeld of sociological analysis of religion, highlights its most promising fields of research.The author argues that it is appropriate to talk about the sociological analysis of religion, which has developed and continues to develop within the framework of two major, but equivalent directions. The first focuses on the sociological knowledge of religion in line with the general modern sociological theory, in a broad social context, as one of the subsystems of the general, societal system, organically interconnected with its other subsystems — cultural, social, political, etc. A special place within this direction is occupied by the analysis of religion as a social phenomenon and social institution, social functions and dysfunctions of the latter, including the intensive process of politicization of religion. The second is based on an internal analysis of religion and various religious doctrines, primarily from the point of view of those social relations that are formed within their framework. The perspective focus of the second direction is the social functions of various religions, their influence on the moral values and worldview of individuals and social groups, the peculiarities of manifestation in people’s daily lives, the peculiarities of the formation and functioning of new religious movements, including totalitarian religious cults and sects.

Compound word Hindu religious terms in Bali

The term Hinduism in Bali, as a religious culture, cannot be separated from the existence of the Balinese language, which has its position as the center of Balinese culture. Many Hindu religious terms in Bali are classified as compound words that need to be preserved. In connection with the importance of the study of Hindu religious compound words, there are several issues that need to be discussed which are formulated as follows: what is the structure, what is the function, and what is the meaning of compound words in Hindu religious terms in Bali? In this study, several theories and methods were used. Theories used in this study include structural linguistic theory and cultural linguistic theory. The method used includes the method of finding interview and observation data, while in the analysis of the data used descriptive qualitative methods are synchronous.

Similar yet not the Same: Right-Wing Populist Parties' Stances on Religion in Germany and the Netherlands

AbstractApplying a qualitative framing analysis, this paper examines narratives of the right-wing populist parties Alternative for Germany (AfD) and the Party for Freedom (PVV) in the Netherlands on religion. The paper argues that references of these populist parties to religion can be interpreted against the background of specific national context factors such as the respective history of nation building, the traditional role of religion in society and secularization processes. A rigorous examination of parliamentary documents published between 2017 and 2019 shows that whereas the PVV clearly defines Christianity in civilizational and not religious terms, the AfD takes a less clear-cut stance toward the religion framing it both as culture and faith. We contend that this difference can be explained by the lower degree of secularization and the greater role of Christianity as a collective identity marker in post-war Germany.

Интерпретации на смирението в педагогически контекст

Humility is a concept that is most often explained in religious and philosophical terms. In recent decades, there has been an increased interest in specific manifestations of humility as a virtue in the fields of medicine, social sciences and education. The article aims to discuss contemporary interpretations of humility in a pedagogical context, focusing on the views of Western educators and scholars.

An Analysis Of The Translated Religious Terms In Surah Al- Fatihah From The Linguistic Perspective

The terms used in religious affairs are acutely unique language devices in an individual's life and society. Therefore, any attempt to translate a religious term is a task that requires diligence and extensive knowledge related to its religious characteristics rooted within the culture of a society. What's so special about it? How did it become fundamental in the lives of individuals and society? Or how does it function as a vehicle of systematic communication between religious people with their religion? Assumingly, these terms form a system in which a continuous spiritual relationship is established between a believer of divinity and the religious values he believes in. A research framework to analyze the translation techniques of these terms needs to be developed, where each aspect provides a clear indicator of the quality of both literal and implicit meaning that strengthens its spiritual function. This study attempts to analyze the translation quality of the terms found in Surah Al-Fatihah as a sample study due to its important role and usage within the daily life of every Muslim. Indeed, those terms had been translated from Arabic into Malay. However, the result of this study found that the translation of religious terms is vital because it is closely related to the needs of spiritual activities and cognitive growth, which underlies the process of Muslims capital development, identity and integrity within the contemporary challenges of the modern era.

A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Taboo Words in <em>Deadpool 2</em>

The purpose of this research is to describe the types and functions of taboo words uttered by the characters, and describe the social background that affect the main character’s utterances in Deadpool 2. The data are utterances containing taboo words. The analysis focuses on the types and functions of taboo words by applying Azzaro’s (2005) theory. The finding shows, 1) there are five types of taboo words in use. The most frequently used taboo is Sexual term with 70 occurrences (52.2%), followed by physical term with 23 occurrences (17.2%), religious term with 21 occurrences (15.7%), scatological term with 17 occurrences (12.7%), and mental term with 3 occurrences (2.2%). 2) There are two functions of taboo words: swearing with 82 occurrences (64%), and insult with 46 occurrences (36%). 3) There are two social variables that affect the main character’s use of taboo words: occupational hierarchy and social status.

Amerindian war and religion in the Eastern Woodlands of North America, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries

ABSTRACT This article focuses on violent conflict among indigenous groups in the Eastern Woodlands of North America from the seventeenth to the late eighteenth century. Amerindian groups struggled here against European domination and among themselves for various reasons. However, warfare was conceived in spiritual and religious terms and remained a highly ritualized affair. With their long and intense history of martial interaction and the prominent role of women in the war complex, the Iroquoian Amerindians of the Eastern Woodlands are an interesting case of collective violence in non-state societies. In contrast to many stratified pre-industrial societies, neither war nor religion had to legitimize domination by an elite class. Both spheres were individual, kinship, or communal affairs. But religious beliefs played a role in motivating and justifying raids and warfare, which were sanctified by the need to satisfy the souls of dead kinsmen. Failure to avenge a relative’s death meant provoking the wrath of the deceased’s soul. The torture and killing of captives was often a sacrifice to deities and a means to renew the spiritual strength of lineages, clans and villages. While Iroquois women did not go on the war path themselves, the female elders of the clans had, in contrast to most other societies, a say on issues of war and peace and female relatives played a crucial role in instigating raids in revenge for killed relatives. Beyond this, they actively participated in the ritual torture of captives.

The Islamic State: constructing identity and articulating propagandistic discourse through intertextuality and recontextualisation

This paper examines the discourse of the Islamic State (IS) as a terrorist group claiming Islamic authenticity and the right to establish <em>khilafa</em>. The analysis of multimodal texts produced and posted online by this group shows how their discourse uses intertextuality and recontextualisation to authenticate their political practice in religious terms, and how they employ strategies of horizontal and vertical propaganda to maintain control and hegemony, and instil fear and terror in the lives of civilians and belligerents alike. The analysis shows that in order to survive, their discourse shifts positions in response to needs, desires and antagonistic social realities. The discussion of these shifting positions reveals the political foundation of their alleged religious discourse and shows how this will change in the course of history.

A Ram in the Traditional Ritual of Khakas, Associated with the Human Life Cycle: Wedding and Funeral (Late 19th – Mid 20th Century)

Purpose. The purpose of this article is to characterize the ram/sheep and its image as an animal included in the Khakas rituals associated with weddings and funerals. Leading in the study is the principle of historicism, when any cultural phenomenon is considered in development and taking into account a specific situation. The research methodology is based on historical and ethnographic methods: remnants (relict) and semantic analysis.Results. As a result of the analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn. 1. The ram / sheep and its image occupied an important place in the traditional culture of the Khakas. 2. The animal in question was extremely in demand due to its utilitarian and sacred significance. In practical terms, it was undoubtedly perceived as an important and accessible source of meat and raw materials for household needs. In religious and mythological terms, the designated animal acted as a symbolic projection – a “replacement” for the human soul, which had a close connection with the world of ancestors and deities. The image of a ram was consistently associated with the idea of vitality and fertility. 3. The ram was extremely common in gift-exchange processes, both within the human community and in relationships with the spirit world. Therefore, it was assigned a special role in rituals conditioned by the human life cycle, including those associated with marriage and death. 4. In the Khakas worldview, much attention is paid to the concept of bones.Conclusion. Therefore, it is not at all accidental that in the culture of these people the concept of genus is designated by the term seok – ‘bone’. Not only human bones were considered sacred, but also animal bones, including a ram. It was believed that life potential and mystical power were localized in individual elements of its bone structure. These sacred parts included the skull, chest, tibia, and humerus. They were widely used in wedding and funeral rites.

Intercultural education in a monocultural context: global and local dimensions of sensitive topics

The article critically engages in teaching intercultural education in Poland—a country that is to a great extent homogenous in ethnic or religious terms. It starts with a brief overview of the complicated nature of intercultural education, followed by a case study of how intercultural education is studied and researched in Poland in a top academic journal dedicated to intercultural education. Quantitative content analysis shows that intercultural education is generally approached and unrelated to the local Polish context. The only exception is the borderland type of intercultural education. This leads to a conclusion that teaching intercultural education without a context—i.e. real-life experiences—proves to be a challenge in monocultural schools.