Religious Norms Research Articles

A STUDY ON UTILIZATION OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH CARE SERVICES IN RURAL FIELD PRACTICE AREA OF KHAJABANDANAWAZ INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, KALABURAGI-KARNTAKA

Background: In any community, mothers and children constitute a priority group. In sheer numbers, they comprise approximately 71.14% of the population of the developing countries. In India, women of the childbearing age (15-44 years) constitute 22.2% and children under 15 years of age about 35.3% of the total population. Together, they constitute nearly 57.5% of the total population. Mothers and children not only constitute a large group, but they are also a vulnerable or special-risk group. The main aim of MCH Services remains to ensure that, throughout pregnancy and puerperium, every mother maintain optimal health, and at the end of pregnancy, a healthy mother and a healthy baby and promote the child health throughout the infancy and childhood. Methodology: A community based cross sectional study was done among 400 pregnant and lactating mothers having infant residing in rural field practice area of Aurad, department of Community Medicine of KhajaBandanawaz Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalaburagi from January -December 2017 for a duration of one year. A predesigned and pretested proforma was used to collect the sociodemographic details, utilization of Mother and child service at Aurad . Result: Majority of the subjects 184 (46.0%) were in age group 21-25 years and the mean age of mothers in present study is 24.53 ± 2.85 years. While, 30% Utilized ANC service and around 56% Utilized PNC service. Religion and utilization of antenatal services was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: The better utilization of the maternal health services can be achieved by overall socio-economic development including focus on women empowerment and education, incorporation of religious norms and faiths in the health policies.

Perubahan Sosial dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an: Studi Kepustakaan Tafsir Al-Azhar dan Tafsir Al-Misbah

In Islamic teachings, a human being lives according to religious norms. Real social change really covers all aspects of social life, thereby requiring a very long process to create a civilized social order in accordance with the guidance of the Al-Qur'an. To be able to do this, humans must mingle, or humans must interact which ultimately takes the form of integration. In a theoretical context, sociology places a transformation in the social environment as an event that occurs around society that is universal. The above studies in the current context are often explained using the term multiculturalism. In the Al-Qur'an, Al-Hujurat verse 13 states that the description of the purpose of creating humans by Allah for the same purpose is not necessarily in a narrow sense. M. Quraish Shihab tried to provide a way out, although in the end he still tended towards rational theology. Meanwhile, Hamka gave answers through preaching without any coercion through Al-Azhar interpretations.

Social criticism of Millennials in the democracy and Islamic Law perspectives

Bima, who criticized the road conditions in Lampung through his Tiktok account, shocked the Indonesian virtual world. His reckless and resentful actions were taken because he thought that the Lampung authorities did not care about the existing conditions. This action sparked a polemic and drew attention to the Senayan palace and politician circles. For those who support it, this is a form of moral message and social criticism through digital platforms, while for those who reject it, they consider this action as slander, open disgrace, and violating legal and religious norms. Not long after, President Jokowi visited the location called Bima. Many people are grateful to Bima, because not long after the incident there were improvements and changes. Apart from that it sparked other announcers who criticized the development of their regions, such as those in Aceh, Jambi, North Sumatra, and Central Java. The main problem in this study is whether Bima’s style of social criticism is in accordance with democratic principles and Islamic legal norms? If they are considered contradictory, then what is the ethics of social criticism on the virtual stage under legal and religious norms? This research is descriptive and qualitative with interviews and documentation as data sources. Research has found that Article 45 Paragraph 3 of the ITE Law and Imam Nawawi’s views on ghibah mubahah are open spaces for millennials to express socio-political aspirations in both conventional and virtual contemporary spaces. Social criticism must prioritize good faith and methods and avoid hate speech and hoaxes so that the content delivered is easily accepted by others. Bima also set an example for those in power not to be surprised, to get used to criticism, to be tolerant, and to be kind-hearted. Lampung received billions in funding for road repairs.
 Keywords: democracy, Islamic Law, millennials, social criticism

Thematic Analysis of User Experience of Contact Tracing Applications for COVID-19 Using Twitter Data

This paper aims to explore Kuwaiti users' perspectives and experiences with Shlonik, the mandatory contact tracing application that was used during the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of 2,450 tweets about users' experiences was collected and thematically analyzed. The analysis used DeLone and McLean's information system success model to explore aspects of the degree to which this app can be judged a “success,” using parameters of system quality and service quality. A novel finding identified by this qualitative study was the significance of themes identified in the analysis such as social privacy (timing, privacy, and female privacy, which are related to the cultural and religious norms of Kuwait) and technical privacy (related to data protection). The research identified significant conflict with cultural and social norms in users' experience of the Shlonik app – factors not normally identified or discussed in existing literature. This research supports a need for improved strategies and designs in future m-government applications in developing countries.

Predicting Psychopathology in Jewish Ultra-Orthodox IPV Survivors: A Machine Learning Approach

The nature of the abuse, cultural and religious values, trauma-related cognitions, and recovery actions are considered factors that shape intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors’ recovery and pathology. However, less is known about their specific impact on women’s psychopathology and wellbeing. Concomitantly, there is scant information about IPV survivors from collectivistic societies such as the Israeli Jewish Ultra-orthodox (JUO) community. The present study was designed to identify predictors of post-traumatic stress (PTSD) symptoms and wellbeing in women from the JUO community who have experienced IPV. Women (N = 261) provided information about their demographics, the nature of the violence, attitudes with respect to cultural and religious norms that normalize violence, trauma-related cognitions, the coping constructs of disengagement, faith, and engaging in help-seeking and recovery actions, and the PTSD symptoms that affect their wellbeing. A Random Forest machine learning (ML) algorithm was used to identify the strongest predictors of psychopathology and wellbeing. Regression trees were developed to identify individuals at greater risk of PTSD symptoms but also of greater wellbeing. Higher self-stigma and the perception of an unsafe world were associated with PTSD symptoms, whereas lower self-stigma, greater faith, and engagement in steps toward recovery were associated with greater wellbeing. These findings highlight the importance of treating women’s self-stigma and perceptions of an unsafe world while also encouraging faith and active engagement in recovery to promote survivors’ wellbeing and lessen their PTSD symptoms.

Studying the Reprehensible Actions Clause in the Development of Digital Technology as a Policy for Termination of National Offices

The development of digital technology has also influenced the development of Indonesian legal regulations in the Reformation Era. For example, relating to the clause on violations of the law in the form of “disgraceful acts” in the dismissal of state officials. So far, it has been focused on actions that are contrary to customary norms, religious norms, and moral norms in general within the scope of conventional crimes only. This has given rise to the motivation to study “disgraceful acts” in the scope of the use of technology/cybercrime which is very likely to occur. The study was carried out using a statutory and conceptual approach, using primary legal materials in the form of legislation that applies to state officials, literature searches, and prescriptive analysis. The result is an understanding that “disgraceful acts” should be understood as acts that are contrary to customary norms, religious norms, and moral norms within the scope of conventional crime and cybercrime. This is regulated because the laws in force in Indonesia are expected to be full of moral and ethical values so that the state officials who are elected are, basically, officials with integrity, quality, and trust.
 Keywords: reprehensible acts, termination, state officials

Religious Culture-Based Management in the Focus of Education

The objective of this research is to enhance the standard of education by employing a religious-cultural approach, specifically a prescriptive approach. This approach entails individuals submitting to, imitating, adhering to, and adopting cultural scenarios dictated by authorities. Additionally, it involves a programmed approach through a learning process where culture develops internally within individuals based on religious beliefs and values. The research employed a qualitative-descriptive methodology. The research findings indicate that the implementation of Religious Cultural Based Management has been effectively executed. Teachers demonstrate strong enthusiasm for implementing religious and cultural norms, while the school principal plays a crucial role in overseeing management methods based on religious culture. The teacher's degree of professionalism is commendable in both the teaching and evaluation domains. The influence of religious culture on management practices impacts work discipline, motivation, and the achievement of optimal work results. Key factors facilitating the integration of Christian culture in schools encompass the proactive involvement of teachers in offering assistance and encouragement, alongside students' recognition of the significance of these endeavors. Nevertheless, there are also constraining elements, such as pupils' lack of awareness, that might result in an uneven distribution of time spent on schooling. In general, the integration of religious culture is executed proficiently and smoothly, with robust facilitating elements and few constraining elements. Implementing religious culture-based management in schools has the capacity to enhance educational standards.

What space for the dead? The making of burial places for and by religious minorities in The Netherlands

In this article, we examine how religious minorities in the densely populated Netherlands manage burial norms in the face of scarcity of land. Using legal pluralism, we explore how local and national authorities; funeral agents; and three religious minority communities deal with the spatial and temporal dimensions of death and burial, both inside and outside the Dutch conurbation The Randstad, in a context where the Dutch tradition of consociationalism lingers on. Based on fieldwork and legal analysis, our findings show that religious burial norms have peripheral existence, both within Dutch law where they are treated as exceptions, and geographically, as religious cemeteries still remain situated outside The Randstad. Furthermore, tensions can emerge not only between communities, but also within them, as exemplified by challenges faced by non-believers. In a context of migration, Dutch cemeteries become spaces where multiple normative orders concerning emotion, (non)belief, religion, society and the state intersect. This turns the space for the dead into a place where some members of minority groups can find the rest they are longing for, while others cannot.

Religious syncretism in the funeral and memorial rites of the Crimean Tatars in modern times

The author touches upon the funeral and memorial customs and rituals of the Crimean Tatars, in particular their content and transformation. The main purpose of the study is to examine the mutual influence of religions and identify elements of ancient pre-Islamic beliefs in the funeral culture of the Crimean Tatars during the late XVIII-early XX centuries. Based on this, the author of the work had two main tasks: 1. To highlight and characterize the main customs and rituals that formed the funeral and memorial complex during the specified period; 2. to highlight the rituals that are conditioned by religious prescriptions and rituals formed as a result of the mutual influence of ancient Turkic views with Islamic religious norms. In general, based on the fact that customs and traditions imply an inherited set of behavior, studying the ritual component will allow us to assess the stability of the development of the spiritual culture of the Crimean Tatars. An analysis of ethnographic descriptions, diaries and records of travelers published in the XIX - early XX century was carried out on this topic. The 20th century allows us to reconstruct the funeral rite and identify elements not related to religious dogmas. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the conducted rituals are considered through the prism of Islamic doctrine, which allowed us to partially determine the degree of religious syncretism in the culture of the Crimean Tatars and identify specific elements associated with ancient pre-Islamic views. As part of the study, it can be concluded that Muslim religious norms were generally observed. Among them: the order for the speedy burial of the body, the correct corpse laying and the vestments of the deceased. At the same time, there are separate descriptions of the funeral rite, where some variability in the performance of rituals is presented, in particular, improper sitting of the corpse and the presence of inventory, which is explained by religious competence and the preservation of echoes of ancient pre-Islamic cults. The echoes of ancient cults are mainly traced in memorial rites, through a ritual meal. Cooking, especially the food that the deceased loved, refers us to the veneration of the cult of ancestors, which was represented among the Turkic-speaking tribes before the adoption of Islam. At the same time, since the meals were accompanied by the recitation of prayers for the deceased, they were firmly associated with religious norms among the inhabitants.

Challenges Faced by Male Nursing Students in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Wards in Private Healthcare Settings in Malaysia

This study explored the unique challenges male nursing students face during their clinical postings in private hospitals' Obstetrics and Gynaecology (OB-GYN) wards. Although the presence of male nurses is growing globally and in Malaysia, gender dynamics within OB-GYN settings create significant barriers to their learning experiences. Using a qualitative, phenomenological research design, this study involved four focus group discussions with 30 male nursing students enrolled in the Diploma of Nursing program at a private Healthcare University. Data were collected and analysed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic content analysis to identify key themes. The findings revealed several challenges, including discrimination, cultural and religious constraints, limited hands-on practice opportunities, and emotional distress. Male students frequently encountered discrimination, with restricted access to labour rooms and maternity wards, which hindered their skill acquisition. Concerns about patient dignity and the discomfort of female patients further complicated their learning, especially in sensitive procedures. Cultural and religious norms, particularly in Malaysia, also posed challenges by limiting their participation in clinical procedures. Additionally, the lack of practical skill development left male students feeling unprepared and less confident compared to their female peers, while emotional reactions such as frustration and demotivation were common due to the perceived lack of support and limited opportunities. Addressing these challenges requires reducing gender-based discrimination, promoting cultural sensitivity, and providing male nursing students equal access to hands-on learning. This will enhance their clinical competence and emotional well-being, contributing to a more balanced healthcare workforce.

Questioning inclusive city quality: Teachers' perspectives and experiences in sexuality education for children with special needs in Indonesia

This study explores the significance of Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) for Children with Special Needs (CWSNs) within regular early childhood education settings in two inclusive cities: Banjarmasin and Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, the research examines the perspectives, confidence, and experiences of Early Childhood Education (ECE) educators who teach CWSNs about sexuality. Participants underscored CSE's role in empowering CWSNs against sexual violence and addressing maladaptive behaviors, despite challenges such as societal misconceptions, curriculum deficits, and insufficient teacher preparedness. Educators' confidence in delivering CSE is hampered by their general educational backgrounds and the absence of specialized educators capable of effectively tailoring programs to individual student needs. Teaching methods varied, encompassing sign language for deaf children, repetitive language with engaging media for those with autism, and approaches sensitive to cultural and religious norms when addressing Body Awareness and Genital Function, Understanding Identity and Gender Roles, and Fostering Personal Boundaries and Safety. Participants advocate for a comprehensive approach to SE inclusivity, emphasizing collaborative efforts among diverse stakeholders and multidisciplinary expertise. They call for clearer policies and sustained support from educational authorities to develop evidence-based curricula and provide comprehensive teacher training. Addressing disparities between privately owned and government-run institutions is crucial for ensuring equitable integration of SE into educational practice.

Human Resource Management Practices for Effective Organizational Change: A Review of Research in Western and Non-Western Countries

Abstract Organizational change (OC) initiatives require effective human resource management practices (HRMPs). This review analyzes recent research on the role of HRMPs in OC, focusing on major trends and differences between Western and non-Western contexts. A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA)-guided search using Scopus and Google Scholar identified 26 relevant studies. The key findings showed the varied and crucial roles that HRMPs play in communicating change goals, engaging employees, and collaborating with stakeholders. In particular, hard OC involving actions such as downsizing warrants responsive HRMPs. Although some practices transfer well across settings, implementing HRMPs in non-Western environments requires adaptation to local cultural and religious norms. The predominant focus on Western contexts underscores the need for more research in understudied regions, such as the Middle East and North Africa. The limitations of this review include potential biases in the source studies and the exclusion of nonindexed literature. We conclude by calling for an expanded investigation into evidence-based HRMPs and the complex dynamics between HRMPs and diverse types of OC across different organizational and national settings.

Asante Kente: A Home Craft and a Cultural Repository of the Place Identity History of the Asantes

This descriptive phenomenological study driven by the place-identity theory investigated the historical and physical evidence that suggests that the Asante Kente is a home craft and a place-identity of the Asante people. Thirty-one (31) study participants were sampled using purposive and snowballing sampling techniques. The data garnered via in-depth face-to-face interviews, focus group discussions and descriptive observations were analyzed using the qualitative thematic analysis based on descriptive phenomenology. The findings of the study revealed that the discovery of the Asante Kente, the abundance and nomenclature of the weaving looms and accessories in the majority of homes at Bonwire, as well as the iconography of the Asante Kente weave patterns show the place identity history of the Asantes. The study contends that the Asante Kente encapsulates the history, political, and religious worldviews, values, and norms of the Asantes and as such must not be seen as a generalized African cloth.

Religious beliefs and practices toward HPV vaccine acceptance in Islamic countries: A scoping review.

Despite the availability of effective HPV vaccines, their acceptance in Islamic countries is often influenced by religious beliefs, practices, and misconceptions. This review aimed to identify the current literature on the religious beliefs and any misconceptions toward HPV vaccine acceptance within the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries. Using key terms, a systematic search in MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL yielded 23 studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The scope of this review included all research articles published in English until October 31, 2023. A form based on the aim of the study was developed and used to extract the data. The review highlights the complexity of the relationship between religious beliefs and HPV vaccine uptake. The findings reveal significant objections among a number of Muslims. Some of them believe vaccines lead to infertility and sexual promiscuity, defy religious norms, are a sneaky way to inject good Muslims with haram ingredients, and are an abandonment of righteous principles in general. Vaccine hesitancy is a result of doubts regarding the vaccine's safety, necessity, and compatibility with religious beliefs. It is recommended to encourage HPV vaccine uptake in Islamic countries by using public health strategies that adopt a holistic approach that incorporates religious, cultural, and social aspects.

TANTANGAN SANTRI DI ERA DIGITAL

The digital era has brought significant transformations in human life. The use of technology in the digital era is increasingly widespread in various sectors such as education, economy, health, agriculture and government. For santri in Indonesia, who are the digital native generation, the challenges of the digital era have a special impact. This research aims to discuss the challenges faced by santri in the digital era and focuses on the abilities that santri must have to be able to compete in the digital era. The study shows that challenges arise in the form of unequal access and use of technology, digital content that is not in accordance with religious norms, customs and decency, interference with worship, and threats to personal security and privacy. To be able to adapt to technological advances in the digital era, santri must have competencies such as digital literacy, creativity, adaptability, visionary and integrity. In addition, choosing the right educational institution and mastering foreign languages are significant factors. With adequate knowledge and skills, santri will be able to face competition in the digital era.

Islamization of Western Social Contract Theory from the Perspective of Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas

The secular social contract as the basis of democracy gives birth to policies and laws that are far from religious principles and norms. For example, the legalisation of same-sex marriage and the legalisation of prostitution in most Western countries. This is certainly not in line with Islamic values and needs Islamisation. For this reason, this article aims to explain al-Attas' idea of Islamisation and social contract theory as an example, in order to become an alternative way of Islamic politics. Through literature research with a content analysis approach, it can be concluded that first, the Western social contract is based on an anthropocentric and secular paradigm. Second, the agreement between people with the general will becomes the determinant of policy, third, there is a need for Islamisation of social contract theory with the concept of bai'ah which has a theocentric or tawhidi paradigm, as an alternative way of Islamic politics

Practice of Warung Jablay in Hulu Sungai Utara Regency in The Perspective of Sociology of Islamic Law

The Warung Jablay business in the North Hulu Sungai Regency area has disturbed many residents. Basically, this kind of night girl stall has the same function as other stalls, but often because of the presence of young girls with sexy and skimpy clothes and differences in the way of service provided and differences in customer segmentation which are mostly filled by young people. So, there are many things that violate morals and religion in the field, and this is not in line with the teachings of Islam. This study aims to map how the practice of Warung Jablay in Hulu Sungai Utara is associated with Perspectives in the Sociology of Islamic Law, because Hulu Sungai Utara Regency is famous for its high religious area and is known as Bertaqwa City. This research is field wise with a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of this study found that people believe that the behavior of some people who run a stall business like this is driven by economic factors and desires. In addition, the community also considered the behavior of Warung Jablay workers to be out of bounds and violated moral, social, and religious norms.

Analysis of Polygamy Law in Indonesia: Harmony between Islamic Law and State Law

Polygamy, a practice that is widely recognized and regulated in Islamic law, often raises legal and social dilemmas in the context of Indonesia's national regulations. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods to analyze the interaction between Islamic law and Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage in Indonesia, which shows the conflict between religious norms and modern legal demands that are more inclusive. The research results show a significant gap between the law and practice of polygamy, with many cases carried out without official registration, leaving wives and children vulnerable without adequate legal protection. This study emphasizes the need for policy reform and increased law enforcement to address these social and legal problems, as well as increasing harmony between religious law and positive law, with the main aim of seeking better justice and prosperity for all involved.

Islamic Microfinance Impact: Comparative Effectiveness Study

Despite the rising adoption of Islamic microfinance, there remains a crucial gap in the comparative analysis of how Islamic microfinance impacts the economic status of low-income families against conventional methods. This study investigates the factors influencing the effectiveness of Islamic microfinance in improving the economic status of low-income families in Muslim-majority regions compared to conventional microfinance methods. The research methodology encompasses a comprehensive literature review, utilizing sources from peer-reviewed academic journals, international financial organization reports, and books focused on microfinance and Islamic banking. The study involved thematic analysis to identify and critically evaluate key themes such as economic empowerment, comparison with conventional microfinance, regulatory dynamics, customer perceptions, and sustainability goals. The findings indicate that Islamic microfinance provides distinctive benefits due to its adherence to Sharia principles, which resonate well with the target communities’ cultural and religious norms. However, the effectiveness varies significantly across different regions due to diverse economic contexts and regulatory environments. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing a detailed comparative analysis of Islamic versus conventional microfinance, highlighting specific areas where Islamic microfinance excels or requires further improvement.

PENGUATAN INTEGRITAS HAKIM MELALUI PENYEDIAAN SARANA PENUNJANG KEGIATAN PERADILAN

In the Joint Decree of the Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia and the Chairman of the Judicial Commission of the Republic of Indonesia Number: 047/KMA/SKB/IV/2009 and 02/SKB/P.KY/IV/2009 Concerning the Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct for Judges. Furthermore, in the Guidelines for Enforcement of the Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct of Judges, especially Chapter II Article 4 regulates the obligations and prohibitions for Judges which are elaborated into 10 (ten) principles of the Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct for Judges Judges, namely: Behave fairly; Behave honestly; Be wise and prudent; Be independent, not dependent on others; Have high integrity; Be responsible; Uphold self-esteem (not despicable, not disgraceful, not corrupt); Uphold the rights of others; Uphold the rights of others. high self-esteem (not disgraceful, not violating the law, social norms, and/or religious norms); Highly disciplined; Behave humbly; Be professional. humble; Be professional. In this case in support the realization of Judges who meet the Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct for Judges, one of which needs to be supported with facilities and infrastructure as supporting court activities can affect the performance of the Judges. The availability of facilities and infrastructure with good quality, is needed by every organization everywhere in carrying out its activities to achieve the expected goals. In organizing its activities to achieve the expected goals, including in the courts. Including in the courts.Keywords: Judges; Integrity; Facilities and Infrastructure.