Fundamentalism Research Articles

RELIGION-IN-EDUCATION MANAGEMENT PRACTICE: A SYNTHESIS OF LITERATURE

The world over, countries uphold both religion and education as basic human rights. Therefore education and religion are legally intersected and cannot be separated from the lives of learners, teachers, headteachers, board of managers, and parents among other stakeholders in a school. In this regard, experienced headteachers tend to leverage their own salient religious backing alongside active educational curriculum. The importance of religion can therefore not be gainsaid. Given that these educators have lived a religion that has espoused culture, values, morals, and practices, such propagation through religion-in-education to the learner may sometimes not be intentional. It is expressed involuntarily alongside curriculum implementation. However, owing to personal perceptions of their positional, cultural or religious authority and superiority, they may wittingly strategize to either diminish or enhance learner religious profession and practices. Educational institutions should cautiously avoid religious extremists. Such extremists may hinge towards converting learners to the choice religious beliefs and practices thus hindering learner religious freedom. The result would be a conflict with parents, teachers , and school managements of other, sometimes conflicting religious beliefs. The headteacher as a manager should lead by example to achieve learner educational objectives which sometimes is in conflict with their individual or groups religious rights. The challenge to school managers is the need to balance religious and educational rights in a religion-in-education multi-religious, multi-denominational and therefore multi-cultural context.

The Mediating Role of Values in the Correlation Between Self-identification and Political Beliefs in the Left–Right Axis

The article presents the results of a study on the relationship between left-right self-identification and political beliefs mediated by values. A total of 1,038 people participated in the study. The study used the Political Beliefs Questionnaire and the Polish version of the S.Schwartz’s Portrait Value Questionnaire. Self-identification with right-wing views correlated positively with conservatiness and left-wing views correlated positively with self-transcendence, orientation to change and self-enhancement. Conservativeness mediates the relationship between self-identification and fundamentalism, lowering the negative correlation between these variables. The more the negative relationship between left-wing self-identification and conservativeness increases, the more the relationship between self-identification and religious fundamentalism decreases. The analysed values mediate the relationship between left-wing self-identification and political beliefs. The observations made confirm the need to take into account values when analysing political beliefs.

Работа с осужденными за преступления экстремистской и террористической направленности: фундаментальные вопросы совместных реабилитационных мероприятий

The article highlights the urgent problem of countering religious extremism in the institutions of the penitentiary system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors consider the legal aspects of regulating the theological rehabilitation of those convicted of extremist and terrorist crimes. Based on the conducted research, the authors conclude that it is necessary to ensure a systematic approach to the theological rehabilitation of convicts and the involvement of civil society organizations in this process. The purpose of the study is to identify effective measures for the rehabilitation of those convicted of crimes of extremist and terrorist orientation. When writing a scientific article, various research methods were used, which as a result made it possible to comprehensively reveal the problem under study. For a more complete study, the analysis of statistical and empirical materials containing information related to extremist and terrorist crime was carried out. As a result of the conducted research, the authors conclude about the effectiveness of the measures taken by law enforcement agencies, in particular by employees working in correctional institutions, whose activities are aimed at the process of adaptation of those convicted of crimes related to extremist and terrorist activities in correctional institutions. The conclusion of the study provides a number of effective measures aimed at improving theological rehabilitation work with persons in the process of re-socialization in a correctional institution.

Measures Taken by the Georgian Government for Reducing the Threat of Religious Extremism and Terrorism and Terrorist Threats Facing the Country

Measures Taken by the Georgian Government for Reducing the Threat of Religious Extremism and Terrorism and Terrorist Threats Facing the Country

Political Beliefs and Political Subjectivity of Grey Voters: The Case of Poland

The study’s main aim is to look for relationships between political beliefs and political subjectivity of grey voters (over 65). Political beliefs contain a motivational element, mainly due to being embedded in the values and needs of the respective individuals. This can affect the consciously created place of the citizen within the political system in different directions. The orientation of the study on the grey voters may be cognitively engaging due to the several sources related to historical events that took place in Poland. Political beliefs were conceptualized through dimensions on a left-right scale, where xenophobia and religious fundamentalism were diagnosed in the area of cultural beliefs. In contrast, acceptance of capitalism and anti-welfare were diagnosed in the area of economic beliefs. Political subjectivity was diagnosed using an original tool, whose preliminary analysis made it possible to distinguish three factors of the construct: political initiative, political sense, and identification with the political system.

Jihadism Influence In The Movement Of Radical Religious Extremism: Threat To The Sound Aqidah of Cyber Users

This research examines the radical religious extremism (RRE) movement's Salafi Jihadism and how it is contaminating Muslims' aqidah, particularly among internet users. This essay examines the idea of Salafi Jihadism, which goes against the notion of Ahl Sunnah wal Jamaah, which is considered to be the core religious conviction of Muslims worldwide, particularly in Malaysia. Given that cyber users are particularly vulnerable to exposure to and influence from Salafi Jihadism, this study aims to comprehend the implications of this ideology in light of the contemporary RRE movement, which takes advantage of the development of the internet. This qualitative study acquired resources especially regarding the narrative of RRE movement which relates to the idea of Salafi Jihadism from printed and online materials, both from primary and secondary sources. This study found that the cyber net users are vulnerable to the RRE ideologies hence it is required to have self-resilience towards any RRE ideologies since this borderless world of the internet is uncontrollable hence posits threat to its users, especially in the weltanschauung of Muslims that adhere to Ahl Sunnah wal Jamaah.

Moderasi Beragama di media

This journal aims to explore the role of da'wah in moderating religious practices through the mass media. In this increasingly advanced digital era, the mass media has become the main channel for conveying information and communicating with the public. This article looks at the important role that da'wah plays in bridging between cool religious messages and moderate religious practices in the media.
 The findings of this study indicate that da'wah plays an important role in reducing tensions and religious conflicts in the mass media. Through an approach that focuses on education and understanding, da'wah can transform negative narratives into messages that are more harmonious and inclusive. In addition, da'wah is also able to promote inter-religious dialogue, respect differences, and build strong brotherhood among adherents of different religions.
 This journal makes an important contribution in understanding the role of da'wah in moderating religious practices through the media. The implication of this research is the importance of strengthening the role of da'wah in encouraging a moderate religious perspective, maintaining diversity, and preventing religious extremism. It is hoped that this research can become the basis for the development of a more effective da'wah strategy in dealing with the challenges of mass media in today's digital era.

The Intersection of Sustainable Development and Ethno-Religious Conflict in Nigeria

Nigeria is now facing the complex issue of ethno-religious conflicts, which have significantly affected its socio-economic structure. This study investigates these conflicts' multifaceted and intricate impacts on Nigeria's pursuit of sustainable development. This research examines the historical context, economic disruptions, educational barriers, and political ramifications of ethno-religious contests. The examination explores prominent ethno-religious conflicts in Nigeria, including the Jos Crisis, the Boko Haram Insurgency, the Kaduna Religious Crisis, and the tensions in the Middle Belt region. The study highlights many reasons that contribute to the intensification of these conflicts, including religious extremism, economic inequality, and political marginalisation. In addition, the article examines the core principles of sustainable development and the consequences of ethno-religious conflicts on environmental sustainability, social advancement, governance, humanitarian crises, economic activities, population displacement, and infrastructure devastation. Utilising conflict resolution strategies, such as interfaith dialogue, inclusive policies, community engagement, security sector reform, good governance, economic diversification, and investment in education, is recommended to mitigate the negative impacts of ethnoreligious conflicts on attaining sustainable development. The report emphasises the need to address the root issues and implement proactive methods to create a sustainable and harmonious future in Nigeria.

Конфликтное поведение сунданских студентов-мусульман: роль идеологии и предполагаемой несправедливости

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective. </strong>Exploration of the psychological factors of conflict-related action among Sundanese Muslim students in Indonesia. <br><strong>Background. </strong>Religious-based conflicts have been widely examined in various disciplines, attracting responses and factors in every cultural context. <br><strong>Study design. </strong>Study 1 used an indigenous-based survey and was analyzed by thematic analysis. Study 2 examined the role of political ideology and perceived injustice in conflict-related behavior using hierarchical regression analysis. <br><strong>Participants. </strong>Study 1: 224 people (35,7% of men, 64,3% of women) from 18 to 49 years old (<em>M </em>= 20,98; <em>SD</em> = 3,72). Study 2: 494 people (35,6% of men, 64,4% of women) from 17 to 49 years old (<em>M</em> = 20,00; <em>SD</em> = 1,52).<br><strong>Measurements. </strong>Indonesian-language versions of the scales of religious fundamentalism ideology by Muluk and colleagues, violent extremist attitude by Nivette and colleagues, nonviolent direct action by Brown and colleagues, and sensitivity to injustice by Schmitt and colleagues. <br><strong>Results. </strong>Study 1 showed specific patterns of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses. There are differences in the respondents' responses to conflicts between and within religions. These differences are caused by ideology orientation towards religion and perception of injustice towards their groups. Study 2 confirmed Study 1 that religious fundamentalism predicts both violent and nonviolent behavior. Also, perceived injustice of victims moderates the effect of religious fundamentalism to violent behavior. Meanwhile, perceived injustice of perpetrators predicts only nonviolent behavior. <br><strong>Conclusions. </strong>There is a significant effect of religious-based ideology and perceived injustice on conflict-related behavior in the Sundanese Muslim context.</p>

The Unseen Effects: Assessing Zia's Socio-Economic Policies in Pakistan

Most of Pakistani society is segregated by ethnicity and driven by sectarian warfare. The problem harms society economically, politically, and socially. Pakistan is plagued by religious extremism. The issue has become the toughest. Pakistani Islam was deeply ingrained, but power politics, radical militarization, and political use of Islam fostered its militant expression. Zia-ul-Haq radicalized Pakistani society to build his dictatorial dictatorship. This study investigates the multiple repercussions of Zia ul Haq's socio-economic and political developments in Pakistan, focusing on Islamization. Nizam-i-Mustafa, Shariah legislation, and the Federal Shariah Court's role in reconciling Pakistan's diverse populace are examined in the study. The paper explores how these measures affect women, ethnic groups, and the judiciary. Zia's economic initiatives, including interest-free banking, Zakat, and Ushr Ordinance, are examined for Islamicity and economic impact. The study also explores political effects, highlighting public discontent in sectarian violence-affected areas. It also investigates how extremism claims have affected Pakistan's global standing. The study illuminates how religion and politics affected Pakistan's socio-political climate during Zia ul Haq.

BOOK REVIEW: Sri Lanka's Easter Sunday Massacre: Lessons for International Community by Rohan Gunaratna

Rohan Gunaratna's recent publication titled Sri Lanka’s Easter Sunday Massacre: Lessons for International Community tries to explore the “Easter Attack massacre” and its root causes in Sri Lanka. The work would indeed become one of the main references for those interested in exploring the sources and roots of the Easter Attack. Although the Easter Sunday massacre was a watershed event in Sri Lankan history as well as the ‘September 11’ of Sri Lankan Muslims, there has been a lack of detailed analysis on the subject thus far. In this sense, Gunaratna's work could be seen as the first detailed study of the tragedy, elaborating on the background of the bombers, their preparations, and the execution. In the aftermath of the attack, there has been a serious public debate on the nature of tragedy and its root causes. Participating in this debate, Imthiyaz Razak argued that the Easter attacks were a by-product of both “violence against Muslims since 2012”, unleashed by the Sinhala-Buddhist extremists and cultural exclusivism of Muslims, enabled by the political bargaining between the majoritarian state and minority political elites. For his part, Rajan Hoole argued in his work Sri Lanka's Easter Tragedy that the Easter Attack was the result of the entrenched phenomenon of the deep state that tries to manipulate religious extremists for their political ends. For him, the Easter Attack was more political than ideological. However, Gunaratna stressed the point that the Easter Attack directly resulted from the religious radicalization of a segment of the Muslim community in Sri Lanka, who embraced the Salafi-Wahhabism ideology of political Islam. The book elaborates this argument through a lengthy introduction and subsequent four chapters.

Islam in education: how marginalizing Islamic curriculum from Egypt's national education has contributed to religious extremism

This study investigates the impact of marginalizing religious curriculum in the public-school system on the tolerance levels among Egyptian youth. Unlike previous research associating religious instruction with radicalization, this study offers new perspectives on the detrimental effects of marginalizing religious education in fostering tolerance. It argues that a balanced religious education can prevent the radicalization of young individuals by extremist groups. The central question is whether education significantly influences the radicalization process. The argument suggests that the secularization of education has intensified interest in Islam, leading to polarization fueled by radical factions with pre-existing objectives. Using a qualitative methodology, specifically a case study design, the research conducted interviews with 57 participants from the national school background. Findings reveal that marginalizing Islamic curricula has adverse effects on promoting tolerance among youth. The study aims to provide education officials with insights into the negative consequences of marginalizing religious curricula, emphasizing the need for a nuanced approach to religious education within the broader educational framework. Recognizing and addressing these consequences can contribute to building a more tolerant and cohesive society

Modi’s Urge for Hindu State: A Historical Overview of Identity Doctrine

Akhant Bharat with only Hindus are the main agenda of BJP led government which formed its policies -posed as religious extremist Hindu political party- having goals of ethnic cleansing and make its land pure from non-Hindus mainly Muslims. The Hindutva doctrine followed and advocated by BJP actually “sought to define Indian culture in terms of Hindu values”. Which was opposite to Nehru’s approach and critical to secular policies but it incepted, grow and now reach a momentum where orthodox rightest Modi passed citizenship Act in which religion has been used as criteria for citizenship besides its constitutional commitment to secularism. Modi led BJP’s policies disturbs the social fabric of India as what they exactly want that non Hindu believers can only live at sufferance of Hindutva which is actually against Hindu Teachings. This study will highlight Modi Government policies that indicate his urge for Hindu state and will trace the connection between Modi’s practical approach for Hindutva with Hitler’s far-right wing working for the supremacy of his race and its influence on South Asia.

LEGAL REGULATION OF COUNTERING EXTREMISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN

The article analyzes the norms of the criminal legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan that providefor liability for extremism, and reveals the problems of defining the conceptual apparatus in the new Lawof the Republic of Tajikistan “On Combating Extremism.” Awareness of the public danger of promotingnational, racial and religious hatred gradually led the legislation of Tajikistan to establish criminal liabilityfor a number of extremist acts. The research was carried out within the framework of the scientific theme ofthe Department of Criminal Law of the Faculty of Law of the Russian-Tajik (Slavonic) University “The fightagainst religious extremism in the Republic of Tajikistan and the Russian Federation: problems of theory,legislation and practice (2015–2019)”, as well as within the framework of the activities Research Center forCountering Extremism and Terrorism at the Faculty of Law of the Russian-Tajik (Slavonic) University.

A Philosophical Expose Towards A ‘God After God’

The escalation of violent incidents in recent times has brought religions to the forefront of world politics, resulting in a shift from their traditional role as conduits of divine revelation to becoming instruments of power and dominance. This phenomenon of kratophany exemplifies the manifestation of violence within religious contexts. The occurrence of violence may be attributed to the foundation of eschatological interpretations within various theological frameworks. The emergence of religious triumphalism and fundamentalism stemming from these theological perspectives has posed a significant danger to both world peace and ecumenical dialogue. The need for peace among faiths has transitioned from being a mere choice to an urgent necessity in contemporary times. The deity that is sought to be understood via the lens of eschatology is a divine being that exists in the future, sometimes referred to as an "after God." Hence, in order to get this comprehension, it is imperative to relinquish any remnants of onto-theological thought that now plague the eschatological analysis of religions. The violent interpretations of eschatologies used by Abrahamic faiths result in a significant loss of significance. The present research aims to address the hermeneutic context that poses a threat of religious violence. This intervention might be likened to Abraham getting Isaac back after first renouncing the notion of a violent sacrifice. In the present day, it is imperative for the Abrahamic faiths to discontinue the practise of harsh sacrifice and instead embrace the concept of peace as a valuable offering.

Theoretical Aspects of Radicalization Under the Light of Religious Extremism – Introduction

Radicalization and its relevance to countering violent extremism (CVE) is examined. The historical origins of radicalization and its contextual nature is explored. The definition of radicalization is discussed, including debates on its connection to violence and its broader adoption in political and academic discourse. The article distinguishes cognitive and behavioral radicalization and examines when radicalization becomes a societal threat. The push, pull, and personal factors framework is introduced as a means of understanding the contributing factors to radicalization. Various models and theories of radicalization are discussed, emphasizing their role in comprehending the complex causes behind violent manifestations of radical ideologies. Overall, the article provides insights into the theory of radicalization and its importance for developing effective CVE strategies.

Teachers’ Perception of Sources and Effects of Religious Extremism in Secondary Schools

Teachers’ Perception of Sources and Effects of Religious Extremism in Secondary Schools

Developing Healthy Lifestyle Skills in Future Biology Teachers as an Important Problem

Protection from negative vices that lead to the violation of moral education of young people, i.e., terrorism and religious extremism, separatism, drug addiction, drug addiction, violence and brutality. to reduce the consumption of doughy food and sweets, bread products, which contain a lot of salt, sugar and fat, and by giving up harmful habits, in particular, the consumption of alcohol and tobacco products reduction of disease, overweight conditions (obesity) and premature death.

Islamic devotion in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand as a deterrent against religious extremism

Islamic devotion in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand as a deterrent against religious extremism

Developing Healthy Lifestyle Skills in Future Biology Teachers as An Important Problem

Protection from negative vices that lead to the violation of moral education of young people, i.e., terrorism and religious extremism, separatism, drug addiction, drug addiction, violence and brutality. To reduce the consumption of doughy food and sweets, bread products, which contain a lot of salt, sugar and fat, and by giving up harmful habits, in particular, the consumption of alcohol and tobacco products reduction of disease, overweight conditions (obesity) and premature death.