Religious Figures Research Articles

1920년대 대한민국 임시정부 주관 기념행사와 항일노래

This study examined the aspects and historical roles of anti-Japanese songs created and sung during the activities of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in Shanghai, China, which resisted Japanese imperialism’s invasion of Korea. It is intended to clarify the reality and significance of cultural and artistic independent activities by analyzing the types and contents of anti-Japanese songs sung at various commemorative events held by the provisional government. First, the Shanghai Provisional Government celebrated March 1, the day of the declaration of independence, as a national holiday, and August 29 as a national Humiliation day. In addition, October 3 of the lunar calendar was established as “Foundation Day” and commemorative events involving temporary government factors were steadily held. At the site of this anniversary event, various anti-Japanese songs, including “The National Anthem,” were made and sang together to strengthen their will to resist Japanese. Second, the March 1st Independence Day event was held as a “celebration ceremony to commemorate the Declaration of Independence” in which lawmakers, government ministers, and students gathered within the parliamentarians. Participants sang “The National Anthem” based on the tune of “Auld lang Syne,” and mainly sang “Samiljeolga” and “Independence Army Song.” Independence Army Song is a representative Manchurian independence army song that was sung a lot in the 1910s, and the tune is borrowed from the American military song “Marching Through Georgia”. Third, on August 29th, the National Humiliation Day, “National Humiliation Song” and “National Humiliation Memorial Song” were mainly sung. On October 3rd of the lunar calendar, great religious figures and government factors attended the National Foundation Day and mainly sang “Shinga”. Fourth, various forms of memorial songs, including Requiem, were sung at an event to commemorate the martyrs who died during the independence movement. The memorial song was later sung at every event with a tune and was handed down as an anti-Japanese song.

Identity Crises and the Impact of 9/11: A Post-Colonial Study of the Reluctant Fundamentalist and Khuda Kay Lye

The current study explores the devastating aftershocks and identity crises caused by 9/11. It furthermore, presents the upheavals through two different forms of literature: The Reluctant Fundamentalist by Mohsin Hamid and the cinematic film Khuda Kay Liye by Shoaib Mansoor. The study employs a post-colonial lens, utilizing the concept of marginality to examine identity crises and the traumatic aftermath of 9/11. In addition, the study highlights the main characters of both the literary forms: novel and film, demonstrating how they face marginalization at various levels—cultural, religious, and international. The background of the study encompasses the Afghan-Russian war in 1979 and the 9/11 attacks, which profoundly affected Afghanistan and northern Pakistan, fueling terrorism and raising questions about identity. Religious figures, as the research uncovers through the character of Changez in The Reluctant Fundamentalist, were often labeled as terrorists. On the other hand, Mansoor, Maryam, and Sarmad are marginalized in Khuda Kay Liye. Mansoor faces racial prejudice in the USA, while Sarmad and Maryam encounter religious extremism in Pakistan. While weaving together the theme of identity crises, the study adopts the framework of marginality, a significant aspect of post-colonial literature. With a clear understanding of the issues, the study utilizes post-colonial theory, using Edward Said's seminal work, Orientalism. Additionally, the researcher recognizes the significance of marginality, which is central to both the genre fiction and the films The Reluctant Fundamentalist and Khuda Kay Liye.

Economic Empowerment Impact in Indonesian Pesantren

This paper develops a scoping study approach to review the literature on Pesantren (Islamic Boarding Schools) and their role in economic development. Over the past 15 years, published papers have been categorized into several key topics, including entrepreneurship, leadership, empowerment, multiculturalism, and politics. Among these, leadership has emerged as the most researched topic, given the kyai's role as influential religious, social, and cultural figures. Multiculturalism and politics are also prominently featured in the literature. This study highlights the importance of economic empowerment within pesantren and offers policy recommendations for the government while suggesting future research directions to strengthen pesantren's contributions to Indonesia's socio-economic landscape.

Pemahaman Dan Sikap Masyarakat Terhadap Program Moderasi Beragama

Religious moderation is a way of looking at us in moderation, namely understanding and practicing religious teachings without being extreme, whether extreme right or extreme left. This writing aims to find out initial information regarding understanding and attitudes, where the method used is descriptive qualitative with direct community observation research techniques, then the data obtained will be analyzed, classified and interpreted to obtain results that will be classified based on the value of understanding and moderation attitudes. religious. The conclusion of this writing is that several factors are found that influence public awareness of the understanding and attitude of religious moderation, namely: Insufficient education, unbalanced influence of media and information, lack of role of religious figures, local culture and traditions. Then there are several strategies to overcome the lack of understanding of religious moderation in society, namely: education, inter-religious dialogue, social media, social activities, joint religious activities, and arts and cultural activities.

Persentuhan Kiai Lokal Dalam Kontestasi Politik Era Reformasi Di Madura: Tinjauan Sejarah

This study explores the role of local Kiai of Madura in the politics of the reform era, examining their contribution to practical political contestation and its impact on the Muslim-majority Madura community. Kiai, who was respected and had great influence, exercised the role of religious figure and public official. The local Kiai here refers to Kiai who are directly involved in the world of practical politics. The purpose of this study is to analyze the contribution of Kiai in Madura politics and its impact on the policy and application of the teachings of Ahlus Sunnah Wal-Jamaah. This research is a literature review using the historical method with four steps. First heuristic (collection of sources), primary and secondary sources used in the form of books, scientific articles, proceedings, the results of the data on votes obtained from the KPU and the writings that are relevant to this research obtained from the National Library of Indonesia, UIN Jakarta Library, Google Scholar, Sinta and observations in the field. Second, source criticism. Third, interpretation and finally historiography. As an analytical knife, the research uses the hegemonic theory of Gramsci. The findings show that Kiai plays an important role in legal and policy politics, fighting for people's rights and grounding religious teachings. This research provides insight into the integration of religious teachings with public interest in the context of reform.

INFORMING THROUGH HISTORY: ARTICLES ABOUT ISHAN-MULLAHS IN THE SOVIET PRESS AS A TOOL FOR TEACHING STUDENTS

The article analyzes the social portrait of religious figures represented in Kazakh periodicals of the Soviet period. Special attention is paid to the coverage of these figures in the newspaper “Kazakh” and the comparison with the derogatory tone characteristic of the newspaper “Ak zhol”. The emphasis is placed on the importance of accurately documenting the fate of the khojas, mullahs, Islamists and pilgrims who became victims of Soviet power repression, as well as their role in the resistance in conditions of political upheaval.The position of the newspaper "Ak zhol" and the national intelligentsia on these issues was also evaluated. Since Kazakhstan is a secular and multi-confessional state that values peaceful coexistence and religious stability, understanding the historical context through the press is important for the development of national science and education.The article emphasizes the need to preserve and disseminate information about these historical figures in order to promotea deeper understanding of religious and cultural dynamics. In conclusion, it is noted that the work on restoring historical justice and researching the repressions of the past contributes to strengthening identity and national memory, which is key to the formation of a conscious and informed society, including young generation.

Leadership and Multicultural Environment

A pesantren is a non-formal educational institution with its own distinctiveness in the sociological and historical context of Indonesia. From the beginning, pesantren were established based on the leadership of a religious figure, supported and trusted by the local community. This research aims to explore and analyze how power and authority contests take place within the pesantren, particularly in the context of leadership at Pondok Pesantren Bustanul Makmur Genteng, led by KH. Muwafiq Amir. The study focuses on three main aspects: the paradigm of power and authority, the perspective of personal virtues, and the multicultural environment that shapes multicultural leadership in the pesantren. This research also seeks to redefine and revise the implementation of existing leadership theories by developing a theoretical framework different from previous studies. The research employs a literature review analysis method. Data collection is conducted through a systematic search of scholarly literature, including articles, journals, and documents that significantly discuss the theme of this study. The leadership of KH. Muwafiq Amir at Pondok Pesantren Bustanul Makmur, Genteng, Banyuwangi, highlights an intelligent adaptation to the local socio-cultural context and multicultural challenges in an urban environment. Although he is not a direct descendant of the pesantren's founder, KH. Muwafiq plays a key role in managing the pesantren through collaborative strategies involving the development of educational units that are strategic and relevant to the community's needs. He has also successfully integrated high spiritual values with the demands of modernity, realized in a competitive formal educational institution. This success demonstrates that KH. Muwafiq possesses spiritual maturity and innovative leadership capable of maintaining the relevance and sustainability of the pesantren in the face of rapid social change dynamics.

Voices from the Pulpit: Islamic Religious Leaders’ Perspectives on Green Open Space Corruption and Their Prevention Efforts in Bandung

This article examines the views of Islamic religious figures regarding the Green Open Space (RTH) corruption case in Cisurupan Village, Cibiru District, Bandung City, as well as their role in preventing similar corruption. Considering that the majority of Cisurupan residents are Muslim, this research highlights the views of religious figures from various backgrounds. Qualitative research methods with a field study approach were used. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with four religious figures who play a role in society, education, MUI, and government, as well as secondary data from literature and internet sources. Data analysis compares interview results with literature to understand the perceptions and role of religious figures in RTH corruption cases. The research results show that religious figures' views on corruption vary. Some consider corruption a religious violation due to a lack of understanding of religious teachings, while others see it as a personal choice influenced by individual and environmental factors. The role of religious figures in preventing corruption includes moral education, anti-corruption outreach, and education on the values of honesty in schools. The conclusion of this research shows that the views and roles of religious figures are greatly influenced by their social background, personal experiences and position in society. This research provides insight into the perceptions and roles of Islamic religious leaders in preventing corruption in Muslim-majority areas. It is recommended that further research involve more religious figures for a more comprehensive understanding.

Jejak Historis Peran Da’i Selaku Tokoh Agama di Masa Covid-19 Pada Masyarakat Cipinang Besar Selatan, Jakarta Timur

This writing describes the historical traces of the role of preachers as religious leaders in preventing the Covid-19 virus in the Cipinang Besar Selatan community, East Jakarta.This research uses a qualitative method with a phenemonological approach. Data collection techniques were obtained from observation, documentation and field interviews with 3 preachers, 2 community members. The occurrence of the Covid -19 pandemic in 2020-2021, some community members are still ignorant of the transmission of the virus. Hoax information on social media creates confusion in the community. The high mortality rate makes psychic disturbances and panic buying of medical devices that have soared in need. Social distancing and lockdown policies make the laws of worship change and religious institutions demand the role of preachers as religious leaders. The role of preachers during the covid-19 pandemic is: 1) as a provider of reliable information to citizens providing information to the public about the importance of maintaining health and using health protocols. 2) Da’i has a role in conveying MUI fatwas related to how to worship and guide the community. 3) Da’i also acts as a protector of the soul, especially for people who are experiencing family loss. Factors that support the role of preachers are the role of residents in Rw 04, Cipinang Besar Selatan urban village who cooperate in spraying disinfectants on mosques, schools, mushollas and residents' homes. The inhibiting factors are the ignorance of some people in Cipinang Besar Selatan who consider the transmission of the Covid-19 virus light and hoax information from social media. Da’i as a religious figure during the Covid-19 pandemic became the spearhead of information facilities for the prevention of the Covid-19 virus in the community in Cipinang Besar Selatan, East Jakarta. Da’i has a historical footprint and is a role model in the community in inviting people to be more vigilant, especially in providing positive information and still using health protocols in worshiping at the mosque during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Общественно-политические установки молодого поколения дагестанцев: через призму исламского вероучения (по результатам социологического опроса)

At the initial stage of the religious revival, the activity of confessional institutions was somewhat passive, but now it is being intensified, which is expressed in the expansion of the space of influence of religious figures, the orientation of the population to simultaneously receive religious and secular education, and the introduction of a large layer of the population with religious knowledge. The article puts forward the hypothesis about the increasing role of traditional faiths and religious institutions in the social processes of modern Russian society. Consequently, the study of the religious component, in this context of the Islamic factor, from the standpoint of forecasting and assessing its role in modern Dagestan society, acquires special significance, because it will allow us to outline the trajectory of development of state-confessional relations, develop effective religious policies and provisions that do not violate the secular nature of the state devices of Russia. The perception and assessment of Islamic teachings in the socio-political life of the republic by the younger generation of Dagestanis is analyzed. The analysis shows the dominance in the mass consciousness of Dagestan youth that the position on the state structure is based on Islamic teachings; the author assumes that the younger generation lacks the understanding of the essence and specifics of government based on Muslim postulates. The surveyed Dagestan youth are consistent in their positions and in resolving controversial issues in a variety of social spheres (economic activity, land dispute between owners, family conflict, domestic violence, etc.), according to the Sharia court, which has acquired greater authority in everyday life population of Dagestan. In the mass consciousness of the younger generation of the republic, there is a priority of Muslim teaching and the designation of its special status, which is a destructive phenomenon, because it can create religious intolerance and destabilize Dagestan society. The younger generation of Dagestanis associates the function of religious teaching in public life with the dissemination of the fundamentals of religion and religious morality, spiritual and moral education and charity.

Harmonising Worship and Noise: Community Responses to Loudspeaker Regulations in Bali and Manado

In multicultural societies, the regulation of worship loudspeakers, particularly those affecting the Muslim community, has sparked significant debate, ranging from strong support to outright rejection. This study seeks to explore the social tensions arising from these regulations, focusing on the culturally diverse regions of Bali and Manado. Employing a qualitative approach, interviews were conducted with religious leaders, community figures, and local government officials to gain insight into the community's reactions. The findings reveal two predominant responses. On one hand, some view the regulations as unnecessary, believing that the established tradition of tolerance has allowed diverse religious practices to coexist peacefully without significant issues related to loudspeakers. On the other hand, others feel that the loudspeaker use is excessive, disturbing their rest and seeking quieter times. Some members of the Muslim community perceive the regulation as discriminatory, noting that other religious groups might also use loudspeakers at higher volumes. This study offers valuable insights for policymakers on how regulatory interventions can influence social harmony in diverse environments, highlighting the importance of adjusting regulations to respect religious diversity and equitably manage public auditory spaces.

Transformasi Kehidupan Rasul Paulus dalam Melayani Tuhan dan Kontribusinya Bagi Pembentukan Mahasiswa STTAB (Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Arastamar Bengkulu)

Paul was a figure who initially hated Christianity, in fact Paul was ethically and morally a criminal based on religion. In fact he was a religious figure from the Jewish religion but he killed people who followed Jesus. However, behind Paul's crimes, before he converted, he experienced a personal encounter that changed his life completely. Paul experienced a very, very radical life transformation because at first he really wanted to destroy the people who followed Jesus, but instead he risked his own life to educate his life in preaching the Gospel of Jesus Christ. The author uses literature-based research methods sourced from books and several journals, thereby helping the author to analyze the life of the apostle Paul and the life of theology students in the dormitory. Every theology student must experience a life transformation, because there are many young people who lived their past lives from different backgrounds or were not morally good, but on campus theology must change. So the author also believes that there are many theology students who struggle with ethics, generally theology students have a background far from the church but instead become servants of God. Formed in dormitory life and disciplined in life spiritually and morally.

Em defesa das crianças? A instrumentalização da democracia no discurso antigênero

This article seeks to analyze, through the Content Analysis of parliamentary speeches and videos of leaderships and religious public figures, the discourse on the so-called "gender ideology" in the Brazilian House of Representatives between 2015 and 2019. In order to prevent the advancement of sexual and reproductive rights and spread traditional morality in education, the lexicon of democracy is used as a tool and Christian values receive a secular camouflage. Therefore, the de-democratizing political-religious action is legitimized in the public arena, enabling, as a consequence, the precariousness of lives and the perpetuation of inequalities and violence faced by historically subalternized groups, such as trans people, cisgender women and sexual dissidents.

An Approach to Bektashi Anecdotes from the Perspective of Relief Theory: Mental Aberration or Substitution of Humour

Many philosophers have approached the nature of laughter and various ideas have been put forward in the period from the classical period to the present day. One of the relevant ideas was created by the pioneers of relief theory, who sought the nature of laughter in the act of release from psychological pressure. Relief theory appears as one of the most difficult subjects to diagnose, as a result of its dependence on certain psychological conditions, within the framework of the ecology of Turkish laughter. Bektashi narratives, in which the Turkish–Islamic synthesis is intensely seen, probably take the lead among the Turkish anecdote types that can be included in the subject area of relief theory. In the Ottoman geographical region of the 13th century, Bektashism, which was established with a mystical Sufi understanding based on Hacı Bektaş Veli, started to generate products with an intense subject of laughter over time. It is known that Bektashism, which is the continuation in Anatolia of the Turkish Sufi tradition initiated by Hoca Ahmet Yesevi in the 11th century in the Khorasan region, was also respected by the Ottoman Empire for a long time. Bektashism, which is a continuation of the cultural understanding of Islam, became the subject of anecdotes as a type as a result of certain historical events. In Bektashi narratives, which are reflected in anecdotes as a type, it is easy to determine the situation that causes laughter but difficult to make an analysis of why the matter in question is laughed at. From the narrator’s point of view, there is a fear as to why he/she is telling the story, and, from the listener’s point of view, there is a feeling of having sinned because he/she is laughing. Bektashi anecdotes, which have an element of laughter other than the classical laughter elements based on equivoke, consist of a suppressed fear in their content. The act of laughter, which occurs when the suppressed fear causes sudden relief, reveals the feeling of having sinned based on the aggressive attitude of the anecdote towards religious figures that has been aroused in the person. This situation brings along the necessity of explaining the laughter element in Bektashi anecdotes with the theory of relief. The interpretation of Bektashi anecdotes based on the views of Sigmund Freud, one of the pioneers of relief theory, on laughter and its relationship with the unconscious has made it possible to evaluate this in the context of “substitution” theory. The theory of substitution, a mechanism identified by Freud on the interpretation of dreams and the content of anecdotes or jokes, occurs in cases where a statement and its response deviate from the direction indicated by the original statement. For the formation of the theory, which is characterised as a psychological deviation or a product of faulty reasoning, a subject contrary to social norms must be dealt with, laughter must not depend on equivoke and it must be found in the last response of a conversation. Based on these data, five Bektashi anecdotes have been identified using the sampling method in the article and substitution theory has been applied to the identified jokes.

The Controversy of Child Marriage Culture in The Perspective of Maqāṣid al-Usrah: A Case Study of The Authority of Lebe' in Brebes

This research is backdroped by the role of Kiais (religious figures) whose opinions regarding the permissibility of child marriage are widely followed by their local community. It aims to investigate the relevance of child marriage law in the Regency of Brebes from the perspective of maqāṣid al-usrah. This research was conducted in Banjarharjo, Pararaja, Banjaran, and Brebes districts of the Regency of Brebes by employing legal anthropology and Ushul al-Fiqh approaches. The theories used in this research are internalization theory and maqāṣid al-usrah. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The practice of child marriage in Brebes society is, in principle, irrelevant to the concept of maqāṣid al-usrah, which was theoretically explained by Jamal al-Din 'Aṭiyyah. This research found that religious understanding that is internalized in the community traditions resulted in a fiqh product entitled Kitāb al-Nikah authored by an Indonesian ulama and the authority of Lebe' which has had a significant influence on the practice of child marriage in Brebes Regency. The practice of child marriage should not only be based on authoritative texts but also requires consideration of 'āqil bāligh as well as consideration of suitability, namely rushd (capability) as well as considering maqāṣid al-usrah, regulating the relationship between men and women (tanẓīm al-'alaqah bayn al-jinsayn), realization of peace, love, and compassion (taḥqīq al-sakn wa al-mawaddah wa al-raḥmah), maintaining religion in the family (hifz al-tadayyun fi al-usrah), regulating the essential aspects of the family (tanẓīm al-jānib al-mu'assasī li al-usrah), and Family Financial Regulation (tanẓīm al-jānib al-māl li al-usrah).

Understanding the Logo and Motto of Pope Francis' Visit to Asia and Oceania from the Relationship Experience of Biblical Figures in Concerning to International Law and Relations

This paper aims to ensure that Christians can take advantage of the phenomena of globalism and localism associated with Pope Francis' visit to the Asia Pacific. The selection of Biblical figures is taken from figures who are relevant to the phenomenon of International Relations and Law. From the Old Testament is taken the experience of the relationship between the Queen of Sheba and Solomon. The relationship between the Queen and the King at that time reflects that in Old Testament times International Law was already known in accordance with the situation of that time. The figures in the New Testament were chosen by Paul. Selected verses are primarily taken from the Book of Kings I and the Acts of the Apostles. In the midst of positive and negative aspects in the phenomena of globalism and localism both in the past and present, the niche of Christianity is living with hope. Hopeful Christians are people who live by God's promises. When their lives do not go as expected, they are not simply discouraged because they believe that God continues to work. In utilizing globalism and localism, Christians have a niche in the form of living a life full of hope in the midst of ever-changing times. Events of globalization, international relations, and understanding of locality have become important inspirations for the visiting activities of religious figures in various parts of the world to realize global goodness, including Pope Francis' apostolic journey in Asian and Oceanic countries.

“Oh, how beautiful life is and how terrible death is!” (Th. Dobzhansky and religion)

In the article, mainly based on the reference to the entries in the diary of Th. Dobzhansky, a geneticist and one of the founders of the “synthetic theory of evolution”, examines how Dobzhansky tried to combine science, primarily evolutionary theory, and religion. It is argued that although Dobxzhansky was a believer during whole his life, he became a peculiar believer who revised for himself and for others the former, primarily religious answers to the “ultimate questions” of existence, and posed these questions in a new, evolutionary way. Even more, he tried to substantiate and justify religion and his belief in God through the evolutionary theory, to demonstrate that science and religion are not incompatible, and to offer his believe in the usefulness of science and religion to each other. This Dobzhansky's attempt was perceived and evaluated ambiguously by both scientists and religious figures. In addition, Dobzhansky owing to his search for these answers, made a number of world outlook and general cultural conclusions for himself and presented these conclusions in articles and books written not only for colleagues in the scientific community, but also for other people.

A word from . . . Wendell Griffen: Hateful faith lessons from Gaza

The narrative of 1 Kings 21 offers expository and hermeneutical parallels between the narrative about Naboth’s state-contrived murder and land theft and the overt actions by the modern state of Israel. No religious figures in Jezreel stood up for Naboth; similarly, religious leaders have by and large been silent about Israel’s actions in Gaza after the October 7 attack. In God’s name and for the peace of Gaza, religious leaders must not be silent, but must denounce and condemn what is being conducted by the Israeli–US alliance against Gazans. I offer nine positions regarding US action in this ongoing and worsening state-sponsored injustice and call on prophetic people to take up these positions.

Religious Orders' Impact on Medieval Europe: Origins, Influence, and Significance: A Literature Review

In summary, this literature review has offered a comprehensive exploration of the origins and evolution of medieval religious orders. We've traced the pioneering efforts of figures such as the Desert Fathers and Irish monks, who embarked on radical ascetic experiments. From these early efforts, coenobitic rules emerged, providing structured frameworks for religious life. Notably, the Rule of Benedict played a pivotal role in balancing prayer, labor, study, and moderation. The advent of mendicant orders marked a revival of religious fervor through their commitment to poverty, mobility, and dynamic preaching. The rapid expansion of religious orders was made possible by elite patronage, facilitating their spread across Europe. These orders left indelible marks on education, politics, and culture, shaping medieval life. Religious figures assumed prominent roles as counselors to rulers, influential doctrinal shapers, and builders of educational institutions. By synthesizing scholarship, this review illuminates the multifaceted journey of medieval religious orders, from their humble beginnings to their profound impact on European civilization. It underscores their significance and lays the groundwork for further research on their enduring roles.

Bagas Godang as an Inheritance for the Youngest Children (Namenekna) in the Traditional Inheritance of Mandailing Natal Perspective ‘Urf

Bagas godang is an heirloom house or a house left by parents that are passed down to the youngest child. It is a traditional custom in Purba Baru Village, Lembah Sorik Marapi District. This research aims to find out or analyse how the practice of distributing inheritance to the youngest child (namenekna) as the heir who gets bagas godang in the traditional Mandailing Natal inheritance in Purba Baru Village, Lembah Sorik Marapi District is appropriate and achieves the portion of justice with the existing provisions in 'urf. This research was conducted using empirical research, also known as field research, using field data as the primary data source, such as the results of interviews and observations. Judging from the number of problems resolved with the help of Hatobangon, he is a traditional figure whose majority of decisions are accepted by the community, outside his realm of severe cases, namely murder, drugs and others. This is why the Hatobangon decision, according to some religious figures, is included in 'urf shahih if there is justice and benefit, whereas if there is no justice and there are those who are harmed then it will be 'urf fasid. This is a customary custom in which the heirs conduct deliberations first so that the heirs feel fair and are not disadvantaged. On the other hand, if problems occur in this tradition, certain situations can still be changed through further deliberation.