Religious Ethics Research Articles

The Role of African Indigenous Religion in Natural Resources Conservation among the Ngoni Speaking People of Mpezeni Chiefdom in Chipata District, Zambia

Africa, Zambia in particular, is endowed with a rich and diverse natural resource base on which the livelihood of its people, especially rural constituents, depends. Over the years, traditional African societies have observed environmental religious ethics that have helped in regulating the interactions with the natural environment. However, rural parts of Zambia continue to experience indiscriminate exploitation of natural resources. The objectives of this study were threefold; (i) to investigate the African indigenous religious beliefs and practices used to conserve natural resources by the Ngoni people, (ii) to describe how natural resources are conserved through religious beliefs and practices among the Ngoni people and (iii) to explain how African Indigenous Religious (AIR) beliefs and practices contribute to natural resources conservation among the Ngoni people. The study was qualitative in approach and adopted a case design to address the research questions. The data was collected through guided interviews. The study has established that among the Ngoni, taboos and totems are common beliefs and practices that help in conserving natural resources. The study also revealed that among the Ngoni natural resources are conserved in the form of sacred places such as; graveyards, sacred forests, sacred streams, and sacred animal and plant species. Study findings further revealed that among the Ngoni, things such as; hunting and setting fires in sacred areas, cutting trees for timber, and gathering plants for medicine is strictly regulated and sometimes completely prohibited. The study concludes that, among the Ngoni, African religious beliefs and practices have contributed to the creation of a culture where communities are highly integrated with nature, valuing it, respecting it, and striving to live in harmony with it. The Ngoni AIR beliefs and practices promote conservation of some trees and animal species which would have otherwise been extinct.

Impact of AI-Powered Technology on Religious Practices and Ethics: The Road Ahead

This article addresses the time lag problem with which human beings catch up with the speed with which technology in general and artificial intelligence (AI) in particular advance. The purpose of this exploratory research is to examine the impact of AI on religious practices and ethics, exploring the ways in which AI influences religious practices as well as the manner by which religious institutions may respond to ethical concerns and other challenges. This study will answer the following questions: Considering the ethical implications: 1) What are the potential positive benefits and 2) negative impacts of the use of technology, AI, and mobile apps on religious practices? 3) What are some ethical considerations? 4) What are the tasks ahead to promote ethical standards in the use of AI in religious practices? As there are ethical issues involved, religious institutions can play an active role in promoting ethical practices in the use of AI in religious practices. Keywords: artificial intelligence, ethics, religious practices, mobile apps, technology

Grassroot Women’s Perspective on Interreligious Issues: A Sociocultural Analysis

Due to the presence of migrants and three large mosques that serve as centers of religious activities, 6,183 housewives in Pogung Kidul, or 18.02%, begin to interact with the growing diversity. Given their significant roles in promoting an open and inclusive understanding of religion within their families and social circles, this study aims to analyze how grassroot women’s interactions and involvement influence their perspectives on interfaith relations. Employing purposive sampling followed by semi-structured interviews with six housewives from the three large mosques of Pogung Kidul, namely Pogung Raya Mosque, Pogung Dalangan Mosque, and Pogung Baru Mosque, this qualitative study intends to investigate the complex interaction between women’s understanding of interfaith relations and the variables that influence their perspectives. Personal life experiences and the interaction of religious teachings emerged as the two primary factors that shaped their understanding and behavior within the context of the social community. They then internalized religious and social ethics, resulting in performative behaviors and attitudes that demonstrate piety and symbolize the spirit of Islamic revivalism while fostering positive social relations in an interreligious setting.

Pengembangan Edukasi Teknologi Melalui Game Rohani Kepada Anak-Anak Kristen Masa Kini di GKLI Sipoholon

The purpose of this study was to develop children's ability to use technology through spiritual games. The research method used in this study is a qualitative approach method. Data collection using observation techniques and direct interviews with children and Sunday school teachers at GKLI Sipoholon. The results showed that the use of spiritual games has the potential to increase children's understanding of religious teachings and morality. The importance of developing spiritual education in the digital era demands creativity and innovation in providing learning to children. In an era of ever-evolving technology, education in the church environment requires an innovative approach. Spiritual games are defined as interactive game applications specifically designed to provide religious and moral learning experiences. Spiritual games are an interesting bridge to the world of Christian children. Through the development of technological media, especially spiritual games. Thus, the development of technology education through spiritual games at GKLI Sipoholon is a progressive step in educating and guiding Christian children today, in line with the mission of spiritual formation of the church.

The Role of Sradha and Bhakti in Efforts to Increase Happiness in the Era of Information Technology

Religious values in science or providing religious morality to science. Mastery of science and technology is to improve skills in order to improve the quality of human life, while Sradha and Bhakti (faith and piety) are to increase moral values and wisdom. Therefore, touching on religious values that are based on divine teachings is very important. In this way, the goal of Hindu religious education which is in line with the goals of national education can be achieved, namely developing and increasing Sradha (faith) and Bhakti (devotion) of Hindus towards God Almighty/Ida Sanghyang Widhi Wasa through the appreciation and practice of Hindu religious teachings in order to become Hindu people. who is dharmika and able to realize "Moksartham Jagadhita". This research population consists of the UNHI academic community (lecturers, students and education staff). The sampling technique uses probability stratified random sampling with proportional allocation. Data was collected using questionnaires, and then analyzed using quantitative analysis with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Based on the results of the analysis, the results of this research show that Sradha and Bhakti have a significant effect on happiness, furthermore, the interaction between Information Technology Modernization and Sradha on Happiness Levels is not significant; The interaction between information technology modernization and devotion to the level of happiness is not significant, and information technology modernization has had a significant influence on human happiness.

Erotism and poetic hybridization of Koffi Kwahulé

Since the 19th century, we have witnessed a liberation of morals testifying to the overabundance of sex in which contemporary people are immersed to the point of being tolerated by social and even religious morals. The body and sexual manifestations appear everywhere, especially in literature. With balanced writing and representations of sexuality, contemporary authors are part of a daring, even erotic poetics. The present contribution entitled “Eroticism and poetics of hybridization of Koffi Kwahulé”, is structured around this axis of analysis. The article takes into account all of the author's romantic work, namely Babyface, (Paris, Gallimard, 2006, 212 p), Monsieur Ki, rhapsodie parisienne à sourire pour caresser le temps (Paris, Gallimard, 2010, 160 p) and Nouvel an chinois (Paris, Zulma, 2015, 233p). In these novels, the author bets on anerotic aesthetic. The sexualization of narration eroticizes both textuality and narrative discourse. The body of and in the novel expresses itself and frees itself from social constraints through the enterprise of scriptural games and themes relating to this notion such as those of love, seduction and romanticism. Our approach, which aims to be postmodern, is limited to pointing out the socio-cultural dimension of eroticism. By examining the aestheticization of the body in Kwahulean fiction, the analysis explores the way in which the author constructs behavior and certain sexual practices. Thus, this article, based on a narrative semiotic analysis, demonstrates that the playful exploitation of the body leads to the deconstruction of preconceived ideas about novelistic creation while reflecting on contemporary cultural values and norms. By posing the problem of the body as a paradigm for representing the relationships of man to his being and to society, eroticism contributes to modifying the view on sexuality in general and initiates the reconfiguration of the social discourse on sex which is defined as an expression of human’s freedom. Key words: erotic, aesthetic, body, sexuality, hybridization

An Analysis of The Skill-Based Questıons Prepared By The Ministry of National Education for Secondary School Religious Culture and Ethics Course in Terms of Taxonomics

Bu araştırmanın amacı MEB tarafından ortaokul 5, 6 ve 7.sınıflar için hazırlanan Din Kültürü Ahlak Bilgisi dersi beceri temelli soruların Yenilenen Bloom Taksonomisinin “Bilgi” ve “Bilişsel Süreç” boyutuna göre durumunu incelemektir. Araştırma nitel bir araştırmadır ve durum çalışması deseni benimsenmiştir. Araştırmada MEB’in 5, 6 ve 7. sınıflar için yayımladığı beceri temelli soruların tamamı incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri doküman incelemesi yolu ile toplanmış, verilerin analizi betimsel analiz yolu ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmada verilerin güvenilirliği Miles ve Huberman’ın güvenilirlik formülü kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda beceri temelli toplam 308 soru ile ilgili şu verilere ulaşılmıştır: “Bilgi” boyutunda soruların 71’i (%23,1) “Olgusal Bilgi”, 236’sı (%76,6) “Kavramsal Bilgi”, 1’i (%0,3) “İşlemsel Bilgi” türünde; “Bilişsel Süreç” boyutunda soruların 20’si (%6,5) “Hatırlama”, 83’ü (%26,9) “Anlama”, 12’si (%3,9) “Uygulama”, 191’i (%62) “Çözümleme”, 2’si (%0,6) “Değerlendirme” sürecinde yer almaktadır. Sorularda en fazla “Kavramsal Bilgi” türü ve “Çözümleme” süreci yer almakta, “Üstbilişsel Bilgi” türü ve “Yaratma” süreci yer almamaktadır. Araştırmada ortaya çıkan sonuçlardan yola çıkılarak soruların Yenilenen Bloom Taksonomisinin “Bilgi” boyutunda tüm bilgi türlerine, “Bilişsel Süreç” boyutunda tüm süreçlere hitap edebilecek düzeyde ve dengeli bir şekilde dağılması gerektiği önerilmiştir.

Eksplorasi Nilai Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Film: Analisis Film “Hafiz dan Hafizah” Episode 1-4

The existence of films is often not only limited to providing spectacle or entertainment but also aims to provide values demands, especially for children's films. One of them is the film “Hafiz dan Hafizah”. This study aims to explore the values of Islamic religious education contained in the series "Hafiz dan Hafizah" in episodes 1-4. This type of research is a literature study with a pragmatic approach. The research data used in this research study is descriptive qualitative. The research data is obtained through primary and secondary sources with documentation techniques from various literature on the Hafiz and Hafizah films. The data that has been obtained is then analyzed using content analysis techniques. In this study, it can be concluded that the “Hafiz dan Hafizah series is able to present the value of worship, morals, and cooperation in every scene. Movie media has a great influence, especially on children in the formation of religious values, attitudes, and ethics. Parents need to pay attention to what their children watch, especially educational movies for character building and Islamic values.

Content Evaluation of Faith-Related Units in Secondary School Religious Culture and Moral Knowledge Textbooks

Ders kitapları, sahip oldukları özelliklerle genelde eğitimde, özelde din eğitiminde konu alanı ve öğretim programının amaçlarını ayrıntılı gerçekleştiren materyaller olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Fakat ders kitaplarının eğitimde istenilen etkililiği sağlayabilmeleri, bazı nitelikleri taşımalarını gerekli kılmaktadır. Bunlar arasında yazılı materyallerin okunabilirlik ve tasarımla birlikte üç temel değişkeninden olan içerik, amaç ve kazanımların eğitsel yapılarını somut olarak ortaya koymaları, işlenişi düzenli ve hızlı sunmaları nedeniyle diğer ders kitabı özellikleri arasında ayrı bir yere sahiptir. Materyale etkileri ders kitaplarında içeriği önemli kılmaktadır. Diğer alanlara temel teşkil etmesi, bireyler ya da toplumların dinle ilgili temel problemlerinin başında gelmesi de inanç konularını din kültürü ve ahlak bilgisi öğretimi ile öğretim programlarında farklı bir konuma taşımaktadır. Bu ve inanç alanının kendine has diğer özellikleri, öğretime konu edilirken temel kaynaklardan hareket etme, hedef kitleye uygun içeriği düzenleme, soyut anlamları doğru şekilde somut öğrenme öğretme ortamına aktarma gibi alan bilgisi ve alan eğitimi ile ilgili hususların daha çok dikkate alınmasını gerekli kılmaktadır. Belirtilenler ve hedef kitlenin inanç konularındaki öğrenmelerinin kararlı hale gelerek şekillenmeye başladığı gelişim döneminde bulunmaları dikkate alınarak ortaokul din kültürü ve ahlak bilgisi ders kitaplarının inançla ilgili üniteleri çalışmaya örneklem olarak seçilmiş, bu üniteler bağlamında içerik özelliklerinin bilimsel ilkelere ve öğretim programına uygunluk düzeyi incelenmiştir. Nitel araştırma olarak planlanan çalışmanın verileri, içerik analizi yöntemi ve bu amaçla hazırlanan ders kitabı içerik değerlendirme aracı yardımıyla elde edilmiştir. Ulaşılan veriler, ders kitabı içerik değerlendirme aracı maddelerinden alabilecek en yüksek toplam puan ile alınan toplam puanın karşılaştırıldığı ve 0-10 arası yeterlik oranı esas alınarak düzenlenen uygunluk ölçeği ile değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonunda, incelenen tüm ders kitaplarının inançla ilgili üniteler örnekleminde içerik özellikleri itibariyle değerlendirme aracından aldıkları toplam puanların yüksek ve uygunluk derecelerinin de ‘oldukça uygun’ düzeyinde olduğu görülmüştür. Ancak maddeler bazındaki değerlendirmelerde aynı olumlu sonuçlar devam etmemiş, amaç ve kazanımlar ile ders kitabı hazırlama ilkelerine riayet konusunda öğretim programında belirtilen yeterliğe ulaşılamadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu, çalışmanın temel problemiyle ilgili olarak ortaokul din kültürü ve ahlak bilgisi ders kitaplarında, inanç üniteleri örnekleminde, öğretim programı ders kitabı uyumunun istenilen düzeyde gerçekleştirilemediğini ortaya koymuştur. Aynı durum bilimsel ilkelere riayet etmede de yaşanmıştır. Genel olarak istenilen özellikleri taşımakla birlikte metinlerde cümle, paragraf, başlık ve ünite bağlamında mantıki tutarlığı sağlama, tüm ders kitaplarında ortak sorun olarak belirlenmiştir. Benzer şekilde konularla ilgili yeter sayıda ayet hadis mealine yer verilerken öğrenciyi bunlar üzerinde düşünme ve araştırmaya yönlendirmede eksiklilerin bulunduğu görülmüştür. Sonuçlar, ders kitaplarında son yıllarda görülen olumlu değişimin devam ettirilebilmesi ve bir materyal olarak istenen nitelikleri en üst düzeyde gerçekleştirebilmeleri için içerik oluşturma ve düzenleme çalışmalarının alan uzmanı ve alan eğitimcilerinin birlikte gerçekleştireceği farklı araştırmalarla desteklenmesi gerektiği kanaatine götürmüştür. Nitekim problemler çerçevesinde ilgili ünitelerin içerik özelliklerinde sınıf ve kitaplar bazında yapılan karşılaştırmalar, melek ve ahiret inancı ile kader inancı başta olmak üzere soyut ve ilahiyat alanında tartışmalı konuların somut olarak işlenişe konu edilmelerinin mutlaka disiplinler arası çalışmalarla gerçekleştirilmesinin gereklilik arz ettiğini ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca incelenen ders kitabı ünite içeriklerinin bazı maddelerdeki sorunlara rağmen oldukça uygun yeterlik düzeyinde bulunduklarının ve istenilen özellikleri büyük ölçüde taşıdıklarının belirlenmesi, bu içerikleri öğrenme öğretme sürecine aktaran ve ders kitaplarının materyal olarak kullanımına rehberlik eden öğretmenler ile onların yeterliklerinin konu bağlamında ele alınması gerektiği sonucuna ulaştırmıştır. Öğretmen ve yeterlikleri de öncelikle din öğretiminde ilgili personelin yetiştirildiği hizmet öncesi programlarını dolayısıyla yüksek din öğretimi kurumlarını ve sonra program geliştirme süreçleri ile onun bir parçası ders kitaplarını anlayarak öğrenme öğretmede etkin kullanımda öğretmenlere rehberlik eden hizmet içi eğitim çalışmalarını tartışmaya açmanın ihtiyaç olduğunu düşündürmüştür.

Guru di Persimpangan Kurikulum Baru: Dilema Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Berbasis Keislaman

This research aims to analyze the dilemmas faced by Islamic educational institutions that implement the independent curriculum. The focus of the research is on implementation, and obstacles to maintaining Islamic characteristics in the latest curriculum. The research method used is qualitative, based on literature study. The data source used is the results of relevant research related to the topic, which is tracked using the publish or ferish application with a total of fifty relevant texts. Data analysis using systematic literature review. The results revealed that the Implementation of Merdeka Curriculum in Islamic Education Institutions involves the process of adapting Islamic principles in curriculum development which focuses on religious values, morals, and Islamic science. This involves preparing learning materials, teaching methods, and evaluations that are in accordance with Islamic values as well as the needs and context of the Islamic education institution. The constraints of implementing an independent curriculum in Islamic education institutions include limited resources, institutional conservatism, incompatibility with local needs, teacher and staff readiness, community and parent reactions, and performance evaluation and monitoring.

Exploring the Influence of Ethical Consumption on Sustainable Fashion Choices in Saudi Arabia

Ethical fashion consumers are essential for growing the ethical fashion sector as their purchasing decisions and experiences are influenced by ethical concerns. Reducing excess packaging and materials is where ethical consumerism and business ethics intersect. Examining factors that affect ethical procurement behaviour and the interpretation of ethical consumption can provide insight into how to promote sustainability in the fashion industry. This study aims to identify the concept of ethical consumption of sustainable fashion to achieve sustainability in Saudi Arabia's fashion industry. It also evaluates the potential to raise Saudi consumers' awareness of sustainable fashion. This aligns with Saudi Vision 2030's goal of building a sustainable economy. Introducing the concept of sustainability in fashion and its importance to the environment can increase society's awareness of ethical consumption and sustainable fashion and its impact on purchasing behaviours. Using an analytical descriptive approach, the study surveyed 259 Saudi consumers. The results found that many respondents lack comprehensive knowledge of ethical consumption and sustainable fashion, indicating a need for educational initiatives. Despite limited understanding, respondents' religious ethics influence their purchase decisions, demonstrating a tendency toward environmentally conscious purchases. To ensure effectiveness, the study recommends creating educational programs and awareness campaigns about sustainable fashion and ethical consumption tailored to Saudi Arabia's cultural and religious context. This could help improve consumers' knowledge while leveraging their existing ethical values to promote more sustainable purchasing behaviours.

Analysis of Gender, Self-Concept and Self-Confidence of Students in Learning Religious Education and Ethics at Istiqamah Bandung High School

This study aims to analyze gender, self-concept and self-confidence of students in learning religious and moral education at Istiqamah Bandung Senior High School. This study uses descriptive qualitative research analysis and uses Miles and Huberman's theory which states that the data analysis consists of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Where researchers at the data reduction stage made observations with related parties about understanding gender, self-concept and self-confidence in learning Religious Education and Character. The result of this study is that learning Religion and Moral Education at Bandung Istiqamah High School provides students with an understanding of gender as well as the character of self-concept and self-confidence. Istiqamah Bandung High School students understand gender very well, and have a good understanding of self-concept. This good understanding of self-concept has an impact on good student self-confidence as well.
 Keywords: Analysis, Gender, PAI.
 This study aims to analyze gender, self-concept and self-confidence of students in learning religious and moral education at Istiqamah Bandung Senior High School. This study uses descriptive qualitative research analysis and uses Miles and Huberman's theory which states that the data analysis consists of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Where researchers at the data reduction stage made observations with related parties about understanding gender, self-concept and self-confidence in learning Religious Education and Character. The result of this study is that learning Religion and Moral Education at Bandung Istiqamah High School provides students with an understanding of gender as well as the character of self-concept and self-confidence. Istiqamah Bandung High School students understand gender very well, and have a good understanding of self-concept. This good understanding of self-concept has an impact on good student self-confidence as well.

Ethno-Apophasis: An Ethnographic Theology of Thinness and Refusal

Abstract The critical onboarding of ethnography evinced by scholars in theology, religious studies and Christian ethics compellingly generates ecclesiologies and other theologies inclusive of non-academic life. Yet, in a critical reflection on methodologies in ecclesiological research, this paper questions the growing predominance of ethnography, specifically ethnographic thickness. Drawing upon the work of anthropologist Audra Simpson, this paper argues that the ethnographic turn in religious ethics and theology and religious studies misses (at best) or ignores (at worst) the epistemological violence lurking at the root of this method. By looking into practices of ethnographic thinness and refusal, this paper highlights apophasis as the best theological grounding for scholars engaging with ethnography. Ethnographic apophasis requires practitioners to heed the colonial and settler colonial realities inherent in the method of ethnography itself; ethically pushing notions of solidarity into anticolonial practice.

ANALYSIS OF MORAL VALUES IN THE NOVEL 'PUDARNYA PESONA CLEOPATRA' BY HABIBURRAHMAN EL-SHIRAZY AND ITS APPLICATION AS TEACHING MATERIAL FOR ANALYZING THE CONTENT AND LANGUAGE OF THE NOVEL FOR 12TH-GRADE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

The advancement of globalization in today's society has had a negative impact on the manners and ethics of students. As a result, education plays a crucial role in shaping the character of students, particularly in terms of moral values. This study aims to examine the moral values depicted in the novel "Pudarnya Pesona Cleopatra" by Habiburrahman El-Shirazy and explore its potential as a learning resource in novel-based education. The research adopts a qualitative approach, focusing on the moral values portrayed in the novel. Data collection involves reading and writing methods. The findings reveal that the novel "Pudarnya Pesona Cleopatra" encompasses three main moral values: 1) individual morals, which pertain to one's relationship with oneself, 2) social morals, which involve interactions with others, and 3) religious morals, which encompass one's relationship with God. These three categories are further divided into 19 specific moral values, including honesty, never give up, sincerity, responsibility, firm stance, hard work, mutual love, parental concern for their children, parental obligations, children's affection for parents, helping, respecting each other, willing to sacrifice, respecting each other, advising, not imposing the will of others, always grateful, surrendering and praying, resulting in a total of 41 moral values. The outcomes of this study can be utilized as a valuable resource for teaching Indonesian language in the twelfth grade of high school, specifically in the context of Basic Competence (KD) 3.9, which focuses on analyzing the content and language of novels.

Internalization of Religious Moderation Values Through Extracurricular Scouts

Background: This research is based on the phenomenon that occurs that the level of intolerance, tendency to irritability, and excessive attitudes found in madrasah students is still fairly high. In fact, madrassas are places of Islamic education that are oriented towards moderation. Thus, this study seeks to find solutions or strategies to overcome this problem and encourage madrasah students to have a moderate, tolerant attitude, and avoid exaggeration that can damage religious values and life ethics. 
 Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze and describe: objectives, programs, implementation, evaluation, supporting and inhibiting factors as well as the success of internalizing the values of religious moderation through extracurricular Scouting in Madrasah Tsanawiyah Assalam, Salem District, Brebes Regency and Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al Irfan Tanjungsari, Sumedang Regency
 Method: This research is qualitative research using descriptive analytical methods. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observation, and literature. Data analysis is carried out by sorting out the data obtained and then collected for analysis and conclusions.
 Results: The results of this study show that: 1) the purpose of internalizing the values of religious moderation through extracurricular Scouting at MTs Assalam Salem and MTs Al Irfan Tanjungsari is to produce moderate students 2) the program is realized through scout programs 3) the implementation of the program is realized through concrete steps ranging from the formulation of goals, planning, material selection, human resource involvement, the use of approaches and methods learning, training, and evaluation 4) the evaluation is carried out through process evaluation and evaluation of the success of attitude cultivation 5) the supporting and inhibiting factors consist of internal and external supporting and inhibiting factors 6) the success has a direct and indirect impact.
 Conclusion: The conclusion of this study confirms that Scouting extracurricular can be an effective means of internalizing the values of religious moderation in the secondary education environment.

Konsep Pendidikan Multikultural Penanggulangan Terorisme Dalam Buku Pendidikan Agama Islam Dan Budi Pekerti Kurikulum Merdeka Pada Jenjang SMA

The rise of acts of terrorism in the name of Islam in Indonesia and in the world, has drawn a lot of criticism and scrutiny and has placed Muslims as the party to blame. The method in this study uses a type of library research (library research). The research data consists of primary data and secondary data. Data was collected using documentary techniques, which were collected from books, papers or articles, magazines, scientific journals and newspapers. Data analysis techniques include deductive and inductive. The results of this study found: 1) The concept of Counter-Terrorism Education as an effort to prevent terrorism through education is the basis of philosophy in education, moral and religious values. 2) The concept of Islamic Religious Education and Moral Character in the Free Curriculum Islamic Religious Education and Moral Education taught in schools are subjects that aim to produce students who have a religious spirit and obey their religious orders. direct students to become people of faith and carry out good deeds according to their respective abilities.

The Influence of Teacher Professional Competence on Student Learning Motivation in PAI Subjects

A successful teacher is a teacher who has competence so that it can increase the enthusiasm and motivation of learning of students, and ultimately will improve the quality of learning felt by students. Teacher competence is very important. We can see from the interest of students in the learning process. For example, such as always doing assignments given by the teacher, not being late in participating in learning, but what the author sees from the research results there are still students who are less focused when learning, lack interest in learning in certain subjects, and there are still students who don't do assignments . It means that the liveliness expected of a teacher in the teaching and learning process is not as expected by the teacher. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 3 Kota Sukabumi in class XII IPS with a total of 167 students. The sample that the researcher took was 25 students, 15% of the total population.
 This study aims to determine the effect of teacher professional competence on students' learning motivation in the subjects of Islamic religious education and morals in class XII IPS at SMA Negeri 3 Kota Sukabumi.
 The research model used in this research is a survey model with a quantitative approach. The sampling technique uses Sample Random Sampling. The instrument used is a Likert scale with 5 possible answers (SS = Strongly agree, S = Agree, RG = Undecided, TS = Disagree, STS = Strongly disagree). With the number of questions 15 variables X and 15 variables Y.
 Based on the results of the regression analysis, it was found that the regression coefficient value was 0.489, this value indicated a positive value. In addition, it is supported by a tcount > ttable (2.407 > 2.069) at a significance level of 0.05 (5%), meaning that Teacher Professional Competence has a positive and significant influence on the Learning Motivation of students at SMA Negeri 3 Kota Sukabumi.

Yusuf Al-Qardhawi's Perspective of Ihdad and its Relevance to Career Women's Leave Rights in Bandar Lampung

This research aims to analyze Yusuf Al-Qardhawi's views on ihdad and the implementation of career women's leave rights due to the death of their husbands and their relevance to contemporary Islamic family law. This research is a field research study. The informant consisted of the General Manager of the Chandra Supertore Bandar Lampung company, qualitative analysis. Research findings show that Yusuf al Qardhawi is of the view that women who are in ihdad may carry out their professions outside the home, limited to professions permitted by religion, maintaining religious ethics, whether in clothing, walking, talking, avoiding making up, wearing perfume, interacting with the opposite sex. This ability protects the benefit and survival of the family, as is the concept of Maqashid al Syari'ah to protect the soul, religion, mind, lineage, and property. Career women's leave rights due to the death of their husbands are only two days in employment law. However, in its implementation at the Chandra Superstore company, career women generally take one week off. They consist of the right to 2 days of leave plus permission from the company for two days, plus exchanging work schedules with colleagues in the profession. The company still requires its employees to look attractive according to the Company's SOP. Implementing this left-right is still very far from being different from the head criteria in Islamic family law.

Deceptive Debauchery: Secret Marriage and the Challenge of Legalism in Muslim-Minority Communities

“Secret Marriage” is a category accommodating a range of arrangements that seek to conceal a marital union, typically from an existing spouse, the family of the bride or groom, a segment of the community, or the state. These contentious unions have seen an upsurge in recent times in Muslim-majority countries, and, more recently, in minority-Muslim communities in the West. This essay examines the phenomenon in minority communities using three interrelated lenses of analysis: the legal, the moral, and the socio-institutional. Taking this multi-faceted approach, in this essay, I first examine the legal doctrines of the four Sunni schools of law on the requirement of publicity and witness testimony in marriage before situating that legal discussion about contractual validity within a comprehensive analysis of the broader moral and religious legitimacy of entering into a secret union. I argue that while jurists stipulate disparate minimums for contractual validity, nearly all secret marriage arrangements are nonetheless considered invalid (fāsid), meaning they are incorrectly conducted by failing to meet the required conditions for the contract to produce its legal effects (ṣiḥḥa) and are also prohibited (ḥarām) in themselves or for their entailments, meaning contracting such a marriage is sinful and entails punishment. As I show, even as some jurists may make arguments that may seem to imply that some versions of secret marriage meet the basic conditions to make them technically valid, these same jurists nonetheless argue that such marriages are immoral, religiously deficient, unbecoming of a Muslim, and little more than a pretext for illicit sex. Apart from the theoretical question of whether a secret marriage meets the conditions of contractual validity, parties to a secret marriage in Muslim communities today further engage in a number of sins and transgressions and cause harms to spouses, children, parents, extended family, and the community that must also be reckoned with. The essay concludes with recommendations for how religious authorities can take steps towards regulating marriage in minority-Muslim communities, highlighting the need for public education on Muslim marriage practices that is embedded in a deeper religious morality centering the Sunna to counteract the dominant legalism in the Muslim community that underlies numerous contemporary dilemmas.

LGBT and Pancasila, Between the Essence of Human Rights Protection and the Existence of Pancasila Values and Islamic Law

Speaking of rights, of course we are talking about rights which are fundamentally inherent in human beings. Be it the right of life, the right of welfare, the right to justice, and the right of social security as embodied in the 1945 constitution. LGBT communities want the same thing, get the same rights, with principles of freedom and principles of equality. Not only does the LGBT community want legal protection against its freedom but also the legality of its existence in Indonesia. This article aims to learn the essence of human rights protection against LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) and its conversion to the existence of pancasila values and Islamic law, which is intended to find common points in both, is qualitative in the use of literature study methods (library research). As for the results of this study, LGBT basically has a right to cure abuses, not the claims of freedom to campaign, and to preserve existence in Indonesia. Certainly, one of its restriction reviews or ladsments is a consideration of religious morality that has always held a high regard for human dignity and dignity. There is also a value to maintain, there is a value embodied in the pancasila that gives the message, that every citizen must maintain a value and be irreparable.