Religious Differences Research Articles

TRANSNATIONAL RECEPTION RESEARCH ON TURKISH TV DIZIS (SERIES): A META-SYNTHESIS

This study aims to analyse empirical research conducted in various countries on the reception of Turkish TV series (dizis) that have gained worldwide popularity. The purpose of the study is to enhance existing knowledge by comparing and synthesizing the findings and to provide a comprehensive perspective that can be used in practice. With the new millennium, Turkey ranked second in the world in TV series exports. In 2023, the 100th anniversary of the Republic, it has become a country exporting hundreds of dizis to more than a hundred countries. Turkish TV dizis, whose popularity is increasing daily, are reaching viewers worldwide through various platforms and influencing them. Without isolating local and universal cultural values from each other, Turkish TV dizis offer a transnational cultural acquaintance opportunity to audiences far and near. The soft power of TV dizis should be considered in Turkey’s culturally diversified tourist spectrum. Studies on the perception of Turkish TV dizis in various continents require meta-synthesis. Although these studies mainly emphasise the transnational success of Turkish TV dizis, negative criticisms are also encountered. According to the findings, even if there are geographical and religious differences, empirical research in the Google Scholar database shows a diverse reception of cultural proximity. Such a meta-synthesis is necessary to contribute to the global sustainable circulation of the dizis and their positive potential reception and impact.

Problems and Prospects of Developing Covenantal Pluralism in Zambia, a “Christian Nation”

This paper explores the possibility of covenantal pluralism in Zambia: Is it possible to develop a new approach for living together in a country with both religious and ethnic differences? Theoretically, it seems likely that Zambian citizens would likely benefit from expanding covenantal pluralism. However, while the paper discovers empirical evidence of popular support for key conditions and propositions of covenantal pluralism, progress seems slow. The paper uncovers little evidence that Zambia’s government diligently pursues covenantal pluralism, arguably because it might undermine a key source of governmental legitimacy—Zambia as a “Christian nation.”

Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) Versus Parti Amanah Negara (Amanah): A Contestation Over Interpretation of Islam in Malaysian Politics

This study analysed contending views over interpretation of Islam in politics between two major Malaysian Islamist political parties; Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) and Parti Amanah Negara (AMANAH), and how the differing discourses taken were reflected electorally. It explored the historical dynamics of conservatism and progressivism within PAS, and by extension AMANAH as its splinter party. Primary and secondary documentation analysis was conducted on resources ranging from writings and speeches of respective party figures, official documents and extensive literatures written on the subject. The research concluded firstly, a preference over Malay communalistic ideas in PAS was the main factor that led to the systematic elimination of AMANAH. Secondly, while PAS has a long historical root centred upon creation of Islamic state, implementation of hudud, and exclusivist attitude towards others, AMANAH views Islam from the higher objectives of syariah that emphasizes good governance, justice, and inclusivity regardless of religious and ethnic differences. Thirdly, a mutual contestation existed, id est not only AMANAH challenged the conservative Islamist narrative of PAS, PAS also challenged the progressive Islamist narrative of AMANAH. Finally, electoral contestation between PAS and AMANAH shown that AMANAH managed to edge over PAS in 14th General Election (GE14). However, PAS capitalized on ethnic sentiments to gain unprecedented electoral success in 15th General Election (GE15). While this research was limited to existing data in the field, future studies could utilize quantitative methods to explore how electorates on the ground grasp respective parties’ ideas and contestation.

Obstacles to Nigeria's Ratification and Implementation of International Treaties

The rapid development and advancement of any nation as a result of transnational agreements cannot be over emphasized. No nation can effectively succeed independently without requiring the assistance of other nations and it is on this ground international agreements are made. Treaties constitute the major means of entering into agreement at International law. They are considered the closest analogy to legislation that International law has to offer [D. Harris, ‘Cases and Materials on International Law’, (6th edn, Sweet & Maxwell, London, 1998)]. In recent years, Nigeria, as a nation has actively partaken inquite a lot of treaties while plethora of them are yet to be domesticated. In spite of the enormous legal and constitutional powers in the making of treaties, frequent feud between the Executive and the National Assembly, external political influence, excessive politicization of treaty bills, ideological differences among legislators, financial considerations, religious differences, cultural biases and lack of political will among legislators have impacted negatively on the fortune of treaties’ ratification and domestication in Nigeria. Hence some of the problems that this work seeks to address.

CORRELATION OF RELIGIOUS LITERACY AND CULTURAL LITERACY TOWARDS RELIGIOUS MODERATION

<p>This quantitative research aims to investigate the influence of religious literacy and cultural literacy on religious moderation in students of the Postgraduate Islamic Religious Education (PAI) B Study Program at the State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Ponorogo. This research uses a quantitative approach with a correlational study design. Data was collected through a questionnaire that measured the level of religious literacy, cultural literacy and religious moderation. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression techniques. The results of the research show that there is a positive and significant influence of religious literacy and cultural literacy on religious moderation in PAI B Postgraduate students at IAIN Ponorogo. This means that students who have a high level of religious literacy and cultural literacy tend to have a better level of religious moderation. These findings show the importance of developing religious literacy and cultural literacy in increasing attitudes of tolerance and better understanding of religious and cultural differences among PAI students.</p>

FORMATION OF A PLURALISTIC SOCIETY IN KASARAGOD: A HISTORICAL STUDY

Kasaragod in the northern part of Kerala State has its own cultural background from ancient period onwards. The people of this area is still living there without considering social, religious and caste differences that may be started since the Pre-historic period. Like any other civilized society, the people of Kasaragod also very much imbibed by their traditional beliefs and ritual practices handed down from generation to generation.Politically, this region has been witnessed plenty of military conquests. The geographical features, early political conquests, religious migration and the commercial contacts paved the way for the development of a composite culture in Kasaragod. Because of the external contacts, new type of beliefs and ritual practices came into the life of the native people at Kasaragod. In the course of time, it became a meeting ground of different communities with mutual co-existence and thereby a multi-cultural society developed in the northern part of Malabar.The present study is an attempt to know the general features of Kasaragod and to discuss how a pluralistic society developed in the northernmost part of Kerala.

Bhag-Rembhag Sabhala’an as a Method of Resolving Religious Conflicts in the Madura Legal Tradition

Religion-based conflicts often occur in various regions, including Madura. However, there is an interesting conflict resolution, namely through the bhag-rembhag sabhala'an tradition. This research aims to determine the mechanism for resolving religious-based conflicts based on local wisdom through bhag-rembhag sabhala'an which is practiced in Madura. This research uses empirical legal research methods with socio-legal and anthropo-legal approaches, which result in the discussion that: First, the resolution of religious conflicts in the context of national law only focuses on efforts to give verdicts of heresy and guilt to parties who, by the religious majority community, are considered contrary to the understanding of the majority of religious believers, not on efforts to open dialogue and find ways of peace between conflicting communities. Second, the resolution of religious conflicts with the bhag-rembhag sabhala'an emphasises efforts to open dialogue between conflicting adherents by utilising local village figures to find a peaceful way and find a variety of similarities amid striking differences caused by the outbreak of religious conflict. Bhag-rembhag Sabhala'an has long been practised in Madura in the event of differences in understanding and religious conflicts, where humanist and peaceful approaches are preferred over violent ways of resolving conflicts. The real contribution of this research is that the mechanism for resolving religious conflicts based on local wisdom can be the primary choice for parties in resolving religious conflicts. This method prioritises peaceful solutions and respect for religious differences.

Kepemimpinan Agama Dan Dialog Antaragama

This research discusses the important role of religious moderation and interfaith dialogue in building a tolerant multicultural society. Using a qualitative approach, specifically through observation and complex literature study, this research explains the close relationship between religious moderation, interfaith dialogue, and the development of a multicultural society. Through theoretical and practical analysis, this research focuses on examining the synergy between religious leadership and interfaith dialogue as effective strategies in implementing religious moderation within the context of a multicultural society in Indonesia, and addressing challenges arising from religious differences. It emphasizes the importance of moderate religious education, the role of religious figures, and strategies of interfaith dialogue in creating harmony amidst religious differences. Findings of this research include: firstly, religious moderation as a principle that is fair, balanced, and tolerant, is key to preventing conflicts and maintaining harmony in a multicultural society. Secondly, the strategic role of religious leadership in promoting religious moderation through inclusive religious education, development of tolerance, and interfaith dialogue. Thirdly, the need for interfaith dialogue to create understanding and respect for religious freedom, as well as to strengthen tolerance through open and constructive interactions. Lastly, the importance of integrating religious moderation values into the curriculum of religious education is essential in shaping a moderate younger generation and supporting the development of a harmonious multicultural society. The conclusion of this research underscores the need for synergy between religious leadership and interfaith dialogue in promoting religious moderation. Interfaith dialogue and moderate religious education are found to be the main pillars in creating a tolerant and harmonious society. Through the integration of religious moderation in education and religious practices, a multicultural society will be able to develop attitudes that are more inclusive, tolerant, and accepting of differences.

Internalisation of Religious Moderation Values through Hidden Curriculum at Pondok Pesantren Modern Al-Fahd Jakabaring Palembang

Internalizing religious moderation values through the hidden curriculum in Islamic boarding schools refers to an indirect process in which religious moderation values are not explicitly taught to students through norms, habits, and culture observed and lived in the pesantren environment. In the context of Islamic boarding schools, hidden curriculum refers to the non-academic aspects of the learning experience, which are not explicitly taught through the official curriculum but are absorbed through daily experiences and social interactions. The internalization of religious moderation values through the hidden curriculum in pesantren shows how values such as tolerance, peace, inter-religious cooperation, and a moderate attitude in approaching differences in religious beliefs are reflected in the daily life of pesantren. The link between the hidden curriculum and the internalization of religious moderation values lies in the indirect influence exerted by norms, values, and culture that influence the educational environment. The hidden curriculum includes all aspects of teaching and learning that are not explicitly listed in the formal curriculum but still significantly impact the formation of student character, attitudes, and values. In religious moderation, this refers to internalizing values that create a moderate, tolerant, and open attitude toward religious differences.

Social Religious Relations of the NU and Muhammadiyah Islamic Communities in the Multicultural Era

This research aims to find out how Nu and Muhammadiyah community organizations form and maintain social relations in the current multicultural era. The method used in this research is a descriptive research method. The data collection technique in this research uses library research. The data collection technique for this research is by searching for data, reading data, marking data, and narrating data related to information contained in books, journals, proceedings, print media and online media. The results of this research state that Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Muhammadiyah have a very important role in maintaining and strengthening social relations in the multicultural era in Indonesia. Nu and Muhammadiyah provide education and character development to various educational institutions, emphasizing tolerance and moderation through Islam Nusantara. Nu and Muhammadiyah through their education and lectures often include instilling inclusive national values, respecting diversity as the nation's wealth. Through these various approaches, Nu and Muhammadiyah have succeeded in maintaining and strengthening social relations in the multicultural era in Indonesia. They play an important role in building a more inclusive, tolerant and harmonious society, and respect cultural, religious and ethnic differences as wealth that must be protected and respected.

Carok Mat Hasan: Tinjauan Hadits Riwayat Imam Nasa’i Dan Pasal 340 KUHP

This research examines the phenomenon of carok in Madura, exploring the reasons and impacts of this occurrence. The aim is to understand the motives behind the violence and its consequences, as well as the related cultural, legal, and religious implications. The study employs a descriptive analytical approach with data from literature such as books, theses, journals, and articles. Findings indicate that carok is triggered by factors like disputes over women, misunderstandings, land conflicts, religious differences, and criminal acts. Although part of Madura's culture, carok has serious repercussions including death and legal violations. The study highlights the importance of effective conflict prevention and resolution. The conclusion emphasizes that carok is often motivated by various factors and leads to violence and legal infractions, with the cases of Mat Hasan and Wardi as examples. The research underscores the significance of peaceful resolution in addressing the complexities of culture, law, and religion in Indonesia.

Multicultural values in «Kitabi-Dade Gorgud» and «Koroglu» epics

The article examines multicultural values, ethnic and religious tolerance. The research is conducted on the epics "Kitabi-Dada Gorgud" and "Koroghlu". First, the similar and different features between the types of epics ‒ heroic and love epics are explained, the similar features between female characters from Islam, Judaism, and Christianity are mentioned, and the motives of heroism and love are brought forward. In Kitabi-Dada Gorgud saga, it is reflected that the main task and purpose of the state is to create unity and solidarity in the relations between people and all nations in the society, to give peace and tranquility to the human race, and to bring people to happiness and happiness. In the "Koroghlu" saga, Koroghlu and his madmen are investigated as historical figures. Here, nonobservance of Islamic rules, lack of religious and national differences, and tolerance are emphasized. The multiculturalism of the Azerbaijani people since ancient times has been interpreted scientifically and artistically.

Membangun Harmonisasi di Tengah MasyarakatMajemuk(Studi Kasus Toleransi Umat Islam dengan Budha di Kudus)

Indonesian society consists of various tribes, languages, religions, and cultures. Likewise, what happened in Kutuk Village, they lived side by side in the midst of religious differences. The purpose of this study will see how the Kutuk community is diverse but always harmonious and respectful of each other. This study used a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation and interviews with religious and community leaders from different religions. The result of this study is to build harmony between communities of the two religions through social activities carried out together. In addition, they also obtained harmony from interfaith marriages that occurred in Kutuk Village.

International ethical documents in the practice of regulating journalism

RELEVANCE. In the modern world, globalization leads to the formation of a single information space and the blurring of boundaries between local and global media. The purpose of the study is to find out how international standards of journalism relate to national and religious ethical norms in the context of globalization, and what prospects exist for the formation of global ethics. The study is aimed at identifying problems and prospects in the field of international standards of journalistic ethics in the context of globalization.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The object of the study is international and national documents regulating the activities of the media, as well as specific codes adopted in various cultural and religious traditions. We applied a critical analysis of existing approaches and norms in the field of journalism and human rights, as well as possible contradictions and problems associated with the unification of standards. An interdisciplinary approach is used to analyze complex issues related to globalization and journalism.RESULT AND DISCUSSION. It is shown that, despite globalization and increased international interaction, there is significant diversity in the understanding and application of ethical standards in journalism. However, there is a tendency towards the formation of global ethics, despite existing cultural and religious differences. An example is the gradual approach of Muslim countries to international human rights standards, as well as efforts to take into account the specifics of different cultures in international documents regulating the activities of the media. CONCLUSION. The study confirms the possibility and necessity of developing universal ethical principles of journalism that take into account the diversity of cultural and religious traditions. At the same time, the role of international documents in promoting dialogue and mutual understanding between journalists from different countries is emphasized. In the future, additional research is required on the practical application of international recommendations in national media systems.

Beyond dichotomies: contesting cultural stereotypes through the lived experience of sexuality among Turkish-Dutch women

This article offers a critique of the dominant secular/sexual paradigm in the Netherlands by focusing on everyday experiences of sexuality among Turkish-Dutch women. A secular approach towards sexuality rests on the fictive duality of a sexually liberated, progressive majority Dutch and a conservative cultural ‘Other’. This paper argues that despite scholarly work challenging the secular/framework within which minoritised women’s sexuality is problematised, cultural stereotypes continue to persist in Dutch populist discourse and everyday life. Based on life story interviews conducted with eight women, it illustrates the specific ways in which normative expectations are imposed on minoritised women based on perceived religious or cultural differences. These expectations constitute a ‘script’ that is imbued with cultural stereotypes. Dissonant moments emerge when my interlocutors fail to conform to the ‘script’. In contrast, when their choices validate these expectations, they are interpreted as a reflection of their ‘cultural background’ instead of being seen as instances of agentic behaviour. These processes further reify dichotomies in the form of sexually liberated and oppressed as the choices these women make are never seen as individual expressions of sexuality unless they openly contest these expectations.

ტექნოლოგიური პროგრესი საერთაშორისო შეიარაღებულ კონფლიქტებში

The role and influence of modern technologies on the dynamics of the development of international armed conflicts and their consequences are analyzed. International armed conflicts can be caused by a variety of factors, including territorial disputes (over land and sea boundaries), competition for resources (water, oil and minerals), religious or ideological differences or historical animosities, geopolitical power struggles, nationalism or desire for independence. Also, armed conflicts can be caused by the personal interests of states, the failure of diplomatic negotiations and the development of military weapons. International armed conflicts have significant political, economic and social consequences, which greatly affect not only the states involved in the conflicts, but also neighboring countries and even the international community as a whole. Over the years, technological progress has played a decisive role in shaping armed conflicts. Consequently, the development of technology has significantly influenced the strategies and results of modern military operations.

Höflichkeit als Ressource im Wilhalm von Wenden des Ulrich von Etzenbach

Abstract Telling the story of the conversion of a non-Christian duke, the romance of Wilhalm von Wenden by Ulrich von Etzenbach shows that dealing with the rules and rituals of polite and courtly behavior and interaction is more important in transcultural contacts and confrontations than debating religious faith or religious differences.

Islam's View of Pluralisme:A Study of Maudhu'i Tafsir

This research discusses the Islamic perspective on diversity and efforts to create harmony between religious differences. The primary sources of this research are the Koran, hadith, and the words of scholars about diversity. Meanwhile, the secondary sources of this research are derived from the literacy of several articles. The results of this study highlight the importance of communication and mutual understanding in creating a friendly environment for all. This research will also deepen our understanding of Islamic diversity and encourage peace-building between people of different faiths. Then, this research is conducted using the thematic approach method, which is to collect verses related to pluralism and identify the interpretation of the verse by clarifying the background of the revelation of verses related to pluralism and its relationship with other verses in the Qur'an.

MENELAAH SIKAP TOLERANSI DALAM AKULTURASI SUKU DAN AGAMA PADA ARSITEKTUR MASJID MUHAMMAD CHENG HOO

Religious tolerance is an important aspect in Indonesian society which is diverse in ethnicity, ethnicity, and religion. The results of the Kompas R&D survey show that the majority of respondents consider Indonesian society to be quite tolerant, with 72.6% of respondents believing that tolerance is still maintained. This study focuses on the Muhammad Cheng Hoo Mosque in South Sulawesi, representing the acculturation of Chinese and Islamic culture in building architecture. The research shows that this mosque reflects tolerance and peace between ethnicities and religions. Ethnic and religious communities, including non-Muslims, welcome this mosque and consider it a symbol of harmony. This emphasizes the importance of tolerance and respect for other cultures and religions. Religious leaders see this mosque as strengthening inter-ethnic and religious relations. Ethnic and religious conflicts that have occurred in history have subsided with tolerance instilled in society. This confirms that religious tolerance is the key to creating harmony in a diverse society. The results of this research also underscore the importance of a qualitative approach in understanding cultural tolerance and acculturation in the context of multi-ethnic societies. This research provides insight into how communities can live together in harmony despite cultural and religious differences.

Intimate partner violence and its associated factors among married women at Jeldu district, Central Ethiopia: A community-based mixed cross-sectional study.

Intimate partner violence is a global threat, regardless of any religious, cultural, or economic differences. Few studies have been conducted before in rural areas of Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of intimate partner violence among married women in Jeldu district. A community-based mixed cross-sectional study was conducted among 620 married women in Jeldu district, west Ethiopia. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select study participants. The quantitative data were checked and entered into Epidata and STATA version 15.0 for analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the associated factors of intimate partner violence. The finding of the quantitative study was triangulated with the findings of focused group discussion. Six hundred seven married women participated in the study making a response rate of 97.43%. The lifetime and past 12 months prevalence of intimate partner violence was 57.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 53.78%-61.62%) and 53.20% (95% CI: 49.28%-57.12%) respectively. Partner with lower education (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 3.64 (95% CI: 1.07-12.38), alcohol intake by partner (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.31-2.81), equal dominance on family affairs (AOR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.18-0.51), and family size >5 (AOR = 4.54, 95% CI: 1.89-10.91) were factors significantly associated with intimate partner violence. The prevalence of intimate partner violence was relatively higher among married women study area. Partner's lower educational status, alcohol intake of the partner, dominance on family issues, and family size were factors associated with intimate partner violence. So, gender offices, and district and regional educational sectors should design appropriate strategies and work hard to tackle the problem.