Religious Concepts Research Articles

"الموافقات فی اصول الشریعہ": منہج اور خصوصیات

Imām Abū Isḥāq al-Shaātibī, an Andalusian Sunni scholar of the Mālikī school, was a foundational figure in Usūl al-Fiqh (methodology of law). He passed away in 1388 (790 H) in Granada, Spain. Also known as Ibrāḥīm Ibn Mūsa Ibn Muhammad al-Shātibī al-Gharnāṭī. His works are essential readings in Usūl al-fiqh. For those engaged in ijtihād. “Al-Muwāfqāt fī Ūsūl al-Shariʼa” is a renowned work by Imām Shātibī that focuses on the principles of Islamic jurisprudence and their application to contemporary challenges, while addressing new issues that arise with changing times. In this context, Imām Shātibī employs innovative terminology to enhance the understanding of religious concepts, highlighting the significance of the objectives of Sharia and their adaptability through modern reforms. The book encompasses various dimensions of Islamic jurisprudence. Key points discussed in “Al-Muwāfqāt” include the exposition of hidden intricacies within the Hanafī school of thought, articulation of principles of legal objectives in the finest manner. The author emphasizes three central elements: discovering the true intent of legal rulings, ensuring practical application of these rulings, and considering the objectives behind them. Imām Shātibī introduces the concept of “Tawfiq Zahirī” as a way to reconcile differences among jurists with elegance. The author categorizes objectives into two types: objectives derived from the divine law and objectives related to human responsibilities. A prominent feature of “al-Muwāfaqāt” is its extensive utilization of Arabic language and contextual analysis of events. Imām Shātibī's meticulous examination of legal objectives, derivation of principles, and embrace of juristic guidelines is deemed crucial for achieving a comprehensive understanding of the objectives of Shāriʻa.

God, vertroue en twyfel: Die vroue in die konsentrasiekampe tydens die Anglo-Boereoorlog

God, trust and doubt: The women in the concentration camps of the Anglo-Boer or South African War.Many books and articles have been written on the religious concept of the Afrikaner women who suffered in and survived the concentration camps during the Second Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902) in South Africa. It seems as if nothing has been written, though, on their image and understanding of God. This article is an attempt to close the gap in the research. These women’s understanding of God was mainly shaped by the Old Testament. They saw the two Boer republics as the new people of God, elected to exist in freedom, as independent states. To them, God was the God of justice and righteousness, who will defend his chosen people from oppression. The defeat on the battlefield caused a crisis of faith among many women. The war diary of Johanna Brandt (née Van Warmelo) offers useful information about the women’s faith and the shattering of their faith. In the second part of this article, Lutheran perspectives on the God of the Bible and man-made idols are provided as a Christian alternative to the faith of our forefathers. The Psalms and the prophets are also revisited to point out the presence of God, as well as the ethical consequences of the Jewish-Christian religion.Contribution: This is probably one of the first articles written on women’s understanding of God, women who were confined to the concentration camps during the Anglo-Boer War of 1899–1902. The main emphasis falls on Johanna Brandt (née Van Warmelo), who was an assistant nurse in the Irene camp, on the outskirts of Pretoria. She formulated her and the other women’s belief in the God of justice. Their understanding of God motivated them to endure the hardships and thousands of deaths in the camps.

Humanization of Chinese Religion

This article aims to compare two interpretations of the emergence of new religious and moral concepts and beliefs in the period between the Shang (1600‒1046 BC) and the Western Zhou (1046‒771 BC) dynasties. It critically compares the theories of Xu Fuguan (1903‒1982) and Li Zehou (1930‒2021) on the process of humanization of Chinese religion. By emphasizing religious concepts such as Heaven, the Mandate of Heaven, the Way of Heaven on the one hand, and moral concepts such as virtue, reverence, and rituality on the other, the author illuminates the differences in each author’s interpretation of the era in which Chinese culture moved away from religion and into the realm of humanism and ethics. This article reveals the reasons for these differences, which stem from the profound divergences in the basic methods of Li and Xu. While Li’s elaboration is based on philosophical approaches, Xu Fuguan’s understanding is based on philological and cultural analyses of the Chinese history of ideas. The author argues that these mutual differences between their interpretations demonstrate the importance of understanding different methodological approaches, which in turn allows for a deeper multi-layered understanding of the process of humanization of Chinese religion.

Religious Understanding Strategy with Kitab Kuning Media in Students’ Dormitories

This article explores how the Kitab Kuning media in student dormitories can influence and deepen their religious understanding. This study aims to analyze the role of the Kitab Kuning in increasing religious insight and its impact on the spiritual life of students in the dormitory environment. The research method involves a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews and participatory observation. The results of the study confirm that the Kitab Kuning makes a positive contribution to understanding complex religious concepts, provides tools for students to overcome religious dilemmas, and strengthens their recognition of religious identity

Status between Law and Religion: Introduction

AbstractThe juridical status of persons nowadays tends to be discussed only in narrow contexts: civic status (citizen, alien, and various visa statuses), marital status, penal status, employment status, religious or ethnic status within colonial and postcolonial states, status of the fetus, corporate personal status, and so on. In the century and a half since Henry Maine’s 1861 treatise, Ancient Law, in which he discerned a general movement from status to contract in progressive societies, broad discussions of status as a general feature of law are few, so a renewed comprehensive approach to the issue remains a desideratum. This symposium, which has its origins in an interdisciplinary conference held in November 2019 at Washington and Lee University School of Law, is a step in that direction. The articles and essay gathered here illuminate the multifarious ways in which juridical status of persons overlaps with religious conceptions of persona and status. They provide grounds for seeing the religious component as distinctive because of the uniquely privileged authority attributed to divinely mandated status distinctions and the urgency of claims to religious rights. They also show how a juridical status can straddle law and religion, and how legal institutions handle such hybrid forms of status.

Waiting expressions in Arabic religious texts: A stylistic study

The study is a stylistic examination of waiting expressions used in religious texts written in Arabic. The Importance of the study relies of the fact that it focuses on the language used in religious statements that deal with the idea of waiting. This religious concept ensures that every believer has a responsibility to follow the visions and guidelines of his religious doctrines. This study aims to linguistically investigate waiting expressions. The study investigated religious waiting expressions found in Tafsir Al-Mizan ) Interpretation of the Qur'an (by the scholar Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i. It also invested an eclectic model of analysis for the purpose of this investigation . The eclectic model includes Crystal and Davy (1969) religious language analytical frame work and Van Noppen (1981) religious language style and Short and Leech (2007) stylistic tool-kit .The questions aimed to be answered in this study involves : What are the main lexical , semantic , Grammatical , figures of speech and context and cohesion linguistic items used within religious waiting statement ? What is the significance of this investment ? And What is the effect of the concept of waiting upon the invested language ? The findings of this analysis include: There is a focus of use on particular linguistic items such as certain listing constructions ( Proper Names) , repetition of certain titles for The Waited , no religious archaic language were employed , in addition to the intensive use of the same religious metaphor . The linguistic items used varies in the degree to which they express the religious concept under investigation .

ANALISIS TINGKAT KOGNITIF SOAL UJIAN SEKOLAH PADA MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM BERDASARKAN TAKSONOMI BLOOM REVISI 2001

This study aims to analyze the cognitive level of school exam questions on Islamic Religious Education subjects based on Bloom's Revised Taxonomy. Bloom's Revised Taxonomy is used as an assessment framework to describe the level of cognitive complexity requested by each exam question. The research method used was content analysis of Islamic Religious Education question banks from several schools covering primary and secondary education levels. The results of the analysis show that most of the Islamic Religious Education exam questions still concentrate on lower cognitive levels such as remembering and understanding. Higher cognitive levels such as applying, analyzing, evaluating and creating are rarely found in these questions. This indicates a tendency to use questions that tend to ask students to remember and understand religious concepts, rather than encouraging critical and analytical thinking skills

The Role of the Family in Religious Education for the 14-15 Age Group: The Case of Sivas

Adolescence is the period of transition of the individual from childhood to adulthood. In this process, the individual experiences a number of physiological, spiritual and mental changes. The most important of the changes experienced mentally is that the individual gains the ability to think abstractly. With the ability to think abstractly, the individual begins to perceive religious concepts that are abstract. At the same time, the conception of God in childhood acquires a spiritual dimension in this period. The religious attitudes and thoughts that the individual will have during adolescence leave deep traces in his life. More than one factor is effective in the process of religious development of the individual. The most important of these factors is the family environment the individual has been in since birth. In the research, the role of families in the religious education of young people in the 14-15 age group was discussed. The effect of religious education in the family and parents' religiosity on young people is discussed. The adolescence period, when religious values and thoughts begin to form, is also crucial in terms of religious education. In the study, the effect of families on young people in adolescence, which is considered a critical period in terms of the religious education of the individual, was investigated. During adolescence, the individual looks for people with whom he can identify in religious matters. For a healthy religious development to occur in young people, family members should be exemplary with their religious lives. In this direction, it is aimed to reveal the effect of religious education in the family, religious lives, and thoughts of parents on the religious development of young people. In the study, the effect of parents on the religious attitudes and behaviors of young people between the ages of 14-15 was examined by using a survey technique. The study was carried out with the participation of 309 high school students living in Sivas province who were educated in five different high schools in the 2021-2022 academic year. The data obtained through the questionnaire were uploaded to the SPSS package program by encoding. After giving information about the selection numbers and percentiles of the expressions in the survey, the chi-square test was applied to determine whether the demographic characteristics of the participants differed according to the expressions on the scale. The margin of error in the 95% confidence interval was examined as 0.05. As a result of the research, it was understood that families had an effect on the religious attitudes and behaviors of young people. It has been determined that the religious education given in the family affects the religious thoughts of young people. It has been observed that they have acquired most of the religious knowledge they have learned from their families. At the same time, it was determined that young people took their family members as an example in religious matters. Among the family members, it was determined that they took the mother as an example the most. In terms of gender, the participants did not differ from the people they took as role models in religious matters. It was determined that they discussed religious issues with their families and asked their family members what they were curious about this issue. It was seen that the people they asked the most questions about religious issues in the family were their mothers. When evaluated in terms of gender, it was understood that there was no difference between the people who asked questions about religious issues in the family. It has been found that parents' fulfillment of religious requirements has a positive effect on the religiosity of young people. As a result, it has been seen that the family factor is effective in the religious development processes of adolescents.

Pathology of teaching methods of religious concepts with emphasis on the concept of hijab and chastity in schools

Pathology of teaching methods of religious concepts with emphasis on the concept of hijab and chastity in schools

Theological reflections in the age of climate change: a reflection on the jellyfish metaphor

This article weaves together philosophy and theology to explore the imperative of conservation in our increasingly interconnected world. Amidst the shadows of globalization, climate change, and global warming, this intellectual journey continues. The use of the thought-provoking metaphor of the jellyfish underscores humanity's central role in the story of ecological challenges. This pursuit underscores our deep moral duty to navigate complicated paths to viable solutions. While eschewing empirical or case-specific inquiry, this essay presents a concise analytical perspective that enhances our cognitive understanding of the intricate interplay between human societies and the pristine realms of the natural order. This treatise also adopts a theological perspective by weaving spiritual concepts into its fabric. By illustrating poignant instances of environmental degradation, intellectual inquiry brings into sharper focus the profound moral imperatives that underpin the call to address problems such as climate change. Drawing on philosophical and theological foundations, the essay expands our understanding of the intricate threads that connect humanity to the environment. It offers insights into the delicate web of intricate relationships that must be carefully nurtured and preserved. As theological perspectives enrich the discourse, important connections between faith, moral obligations, and our responsibilities to the planet become clear. This treatise offers a holistic perspective on the challenges of our time, combining philosophical and religious concepts to provide a comprehensive view of our current problems.

Penggunaan Pendekatan Pembelajaran Saintifik dalam Meningkatkan Keaktifan Belajar Peserta Didik pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Katolik Sekolah Menengah Pertama Budi Murni 2

This article discusses the use of scientific learning models as a solution to increase student learning activeness in the subject of Catholic Religious Education at Budi Murni 2 Middle School. Education is a self-development activity through a teaching and learning process that aims to increase students' knowledge, insight, and experience. However, the facts show that many students are not active in the current learning process, including in Catholic religious subjects. This research is based on observational findings which show the low activity of students in learning Catholic religion at Budi Murni 2 Middle School. The conventional learning methods currently used by teachers have not been able to activate students optimally. Therefore, the use of a scientific learning model is proposed as a solution to increase the active learning of students. The scientific learning model is a learning approach that involves students actively and creatively in the learning process. In this model, students are invited to observe, ask questions, reason, associate, and communicate the concepts or material being studied. Through this approach, students are expected to be able to develop higher-order thinking skills and have a high enthusiasm for learning. Previous research also shows that the use of scientific learning models can increase the active learning of students. In the context of Catholic Religious Education subjects, a scientific approach can help students learn religious concepts more actively and creatively. Catholic religious teachers are required to activate students by designing interesting learning, implementing collaboration, and using appropriate learning media. In the context of Budi Murni 2 Middle School, this study aims to apply a scientific learning model in learning Catholic Religious Education. The results of the research are expected to provide concrete solutions to increase the active learning of students, so as to improve the quality and quality of learning in these schools.

Mobilities in Religious Knowledge: Phiroz Mehta and the Logics of Transreligiosity in 1970s–80s South London

This paper examines transreligiosity in the context of the transmission of South Asian concepts of spirituality to the UK in the 20th century. Between the 1920s and 1990s, Indian teacher and author Phiroz Mehta (1902–1994) crossed borders in a colonial and postcolonial shuttling between India and the UK but also transgressed conceptual and practice borders of religion, teaching Indian religious concepts to post-Christian spiritual seekers in 1970s–80s South London. Mehta cultivated an elasticity between many religious and philosophical traditions, recognising the post-institutional fatigue of subjects who sought alternative forms of ‘belonging without believing’. Privileging the domestic space for teaching, as well as transitory ‘camp’ gatherings in the UK and Germany, Mehta often operated in the social margins, combining teachings from Hinduism, Buddhism, and Christianity with Zoroastrianism, Judaism (specifically Kabbalah), and Daoism. He offered his tutees the freedom to practice religion in whatever way they chose by drawing on a broad range of traditions concurrently to create a transreligiosity. This paper examines Panagiotopoulos and Roussou’s ‘transgressional webs of practising individualised forms of alternative spirituality’ in relation to Mehta’s followers in the 1970s-1980s and asks how transreligiosity relates to other theoretical analyses, such as religious exoticism, bricolage, religious appropriation, cultural re-articulation or assemblage. This paper focuses on qualitative interviews with original members of the Mehta community conducted between 2021 and 2022.

Studi Analisis Psikologi Belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam Berdasarkan Kreativitas, Minat, Bakat, dan Intelegensi

This research provides a more holistic and in-depth understanding of the interplay between creativity, interest, talent, and intelligence in the context of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning. Employing a library research method, this study follows several steps, including literature source identification, selection and screening, information gathering, analysis, and synthesis. The outcomes of this library research reveal that: 1) Creativity plays a crucial role in enabling students to apply religious teachings innovatively in their daily lives. 2) Students with a strong interest in PAI tend to exhibit greater enthusiasm and eagerness in exploring religious concepts. 3) Acknowledging and leveraging students' talents in specific domains also contribute to a more meaningful learning experience and enhance student engagement in the learning process. 4) Both cognitive and emotional intelligence play a role in effectively understanding and applying religious teachings in daily life. The implications of these findings underscore that an instructional approach integrating creativity, interest, talent, and intelligence can assist in creating more engaging, relevant, and effective learning experiences within the realm of Islamic Religious Education.

PECULIARITIES OF THAT FLEXIBILITY OF THE GERMAN-UKRAINIAN TRANSLATION OF RELIGIOUS VOCABULARY

Objective. The objective of the article is to investigate the main translation strategies of structurally distant languages, namely the religious vocabulary of the German language, as well as to analyze the peculiarities and complexities of its German-Ukrainian translation. Methods. Solving the set tasks is carried out using such methods as analysis and generalization of scientific literature on the problems of translation studies; system and comparative analysis, and the continuous sampling technique is applied to collect language facts. Results. Studying the peculiarities and difficulties that arise in the process of translation from German to Ukrainian, and especially when working with religious vocabulary, it should be noted that a literal translation will often be incomprehensible due to the absence or lack of knowledge of one or another feature of German culture. Therefore, in order to avoid questions and misunderstandings, the translator must find an equivalent word, metaphor, proverb or saying, or a story that will evoke the same feelings and thoughts that the recipient receives when reading the original text. Issues of the importance of context and the peculiarities of German grammar also affect the quality of the translation. Therefore, the difference between German and Ukrainian culture, as well as religions, requires special skills of the translator and mastery of various translation tools. Phrases with a religious component, religious terms create additional difficulties in the process of translation, because sometimes it is very difficult to find an equivalent in the Ukrainian language, so a comprehensive translation is the best choice in this case. Having analyzed a number of religious terms from Duden explanatory dictionary, it can be concluded that the influence of the Latin language over the centuries on other languages caused a high number of equivalents of religious concepts in the Ukrainian and German languages. Therefore, in most cases, the selection of a direct analogue and adaptive transcoding is used in the process of translating religious vocabulary.

Sembilan Nilai Utama Gus Dur Perspektif Etika Ibnu Miskawaih

K.H. Abdurrohman Wahid or who is familiar with the name Gus Dur is an important figure in Indonesia. Gus Dur is a figure who represents the santri group with its salaf traditions and also the intellectuals in the world of academia. People who loved Gus Dur voluntarily set up organizations or forums to channel aspirations and explore Gus Dur's values. So that in the teachings of the Gus Durian community there is the term Gus Dur's nine main values. These nine main values ​​are the hallmark and identity of the Gus Durian community. These nine main values ​​are the efforts of the Gus Durian community to find and formulate the values ​​of Gus Dur's struggle. Gus Dur's nine main values ​​are monotheism, humanity, justice, equality, liberation, simplicity, brotherhood, chivalry, and local wisdom. Gus Dur's nine main values ​​are ethical teachings practiced by Gus Dur to defend minorities. Gus Dur's teachings are very relevant to the ethical teachings of Ibn Miskawaih. Ibn Miskawaih himself is a major philosopher in Islam whose style of thought is influenced by Islamic religious concepts and Greek philosophical concepts. With these two features, Ibn Miskawaih's philosophy is comprehensive, especially in terms of ethics. The ethical teachings focus on understanding and cultivating character when carrying out an action. His views on ethics are related to human virtues, namely morals. This morality is divided into three parts, namely: wisdom, courage and chastity. These three virtues are born from a just attitude. Thus, there is compatibility between Gus Dur's teachings through Gus Dur's nine main values ​​and the ethical teachings of Ibn Miskawaih. Thus it can be concluded that there is a relationship between Gus Dur's nine main values ​​and the ethical teachings of Ibn Miskawaih.

MANAJEMEN PARIWISATA RELIGI BERBASIS MODERASI BERAGAMA DI ISLAMIC CENTER MATARAM

This article discusses religious tourism at the Hubbul Wathan Mataram Islamic Center Mosque. As one of the largest centers for Islamic studies and civilization in Lombok, NTB, this mosque has never been absent from holding various religious and cultural activities, both regional and international, so that it is visited by many local and international tourists. One of the new programs being carried out is religious tourism based on religious moderation. This program aims to promote moderate religious concepts and interfaith harmony. From this background, this article will focus on discussing the issue of implementing religious tourism management functions based on religious moderation. Several important issues that will be answered in this article are, first, what is the religious moderation-based tourism program like? Second, how is the management of religious moderation-based tourism at the Hubbul Wathan Islamic Center mosque?. This article is the result of field research using a qualitative approach. While important data were obtained through field observations, in depth and structured interviews with administrators, and strengthened by documentation activities. This research shows that the management of religious moderation in the religious tourism program at the Islamic Center is packed with the provision of various facilities that can be used by everyone from different faith backgrounds, such as the use of a Ballroom, and the Islamic Center's masdi courtyard.

ZAKIR AND MURAI: A DIFFERENT APPROACH TO THE CONCEPT OF HYPOCRISY IN TERMS OF DHIKR

A person can be in some states during his worship or dhikr due to the situation he is in. Those who witness these behaviors may perceive the situation as exaggeration and showing off. It is seen that especially those who are in such situations are given adjectives such as murai (hypocrite) and mutazehhid (non ascetic) as a religious concept. The subject of hypocrisy has a wide scope in terms of its different reflections. For this reason, our study is limited to the approaches to murailik (hypocrisy) in particular dhikr. Scholars have expressed their views in detail in their works so that people can get rid of this disease. In particular, the danger of this thought or intention has been mentioned as well as a share of realization. The aim of our research is to examine the perception of hypocrisy/müraism that may occur in humans in the face of a number of cases during dhikr. Of course, there are studies on the details of the hypocrisy issue. However, a detached study could not be seen in which the issue we examined was examined through the relevant hadiths. Therefore, it is aimed to draw attention to new research. In our study, the subject resources were combined with the scanning model using qualitative research method. It has been seen that the hadiths that constitute the framework of our research have a mixed health status. However, the weakness of these narrations in the category of weak hadith is not advanced; It was thought that it should be addressed in the study because it encourages goodness. Keywords: Mysticism, Hypocrisy, Hypocrite, Dhikr, Attraction, Non Ascetic.

Barriers to Deceased Donor Procurements: The Saudi Experience.

Barriers to Deceased Donor Procurements: The Saudi Experience.

Humanistic Theological Approach In A Political Conspiracy Nai Meko Comunity

The Nai Meko people are the Atoin Meto people who have experienced a winding and complicated history. To study the nuances of faith possessed by the Nai Meko people, the author uses an anthropological approach and aspects of the lives of the people they live. So the purpose of this writing is a contextual effort to read the quality of faith of the Nai Meko people within the framework of the political conspiracy that was experienced during the Portuguese and Dutch colonial periods. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with interview techniques and documentation studies. The interesting thing that exists in the lives of people and the people of Nai Meko every day is, even though they are a society that has been under pressure because of conspiracy politics, they believe in the Most High according to their original religious concept, and they are very deeply rooted in the Catholic faith, so they don't drifting in fatalistic attitudes and lifestyles. In order to maintain harmony in society, the people of Nai Meko develop a dialogical dialogue between the Christian faith and the notion of the Divine by the indigenous religions. It turns out that a theological approach as well as a humanistic pastoral approach is very much needed, so that humans and local communities can be directed to the right and civilized path. Another thing that needs attention is civilized social communication to harmonize two interests, between the Catholic faith and the original religious faith.

ПРАГМАТИКА И КОНТЕКСТУАЛЬНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ РЕЛИГИОЗНЫХ КОНЦЕПТОВ В ИНАУГУРАЦИОННЫХ РЕЧАХ АМЕРИКАНСКИХ ПРЕЗИДЕНТОВ

The article is devoted to the study of the semantic and contextual features of the inaugural speeches organization in cases when religious concepts function in them. The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of analyzing the pragmatic characteristics of the religious concepts functioning in American presidents’ inaugural speeches. Research methods are cognitive-discursive analysis, contextual analysis, method of quantitative processing of the material. Empirical material contains 57 inaugural texts, in which the functioning of religious concepts is noted in 296 contexts. US presidents regularly use religious concepts in their inaugural speeches, in some cases of their functioning, inaugural texts have certain structural features that are emphasized in this work. The article analyzes the main pragmatic guidelines for using these concepts: actualization of the moral and ethical values of society, underlining the importance of continuity in the history of the state, implication of the meaning of the divine election of the president and the idea of a special relationship of the Creator to the American people, seeking divine help in leading the state. The study of the role of the religious concepts functioning in the inaugural speeches of American presidents allows us to consider in more detail the linguistic and extralinguistic features of political discourse texts.