Religious Arguments Research Articles

Sources of Turkish Mathanawi̇ Commentari̇es

Mathnawi, one of the most important works of Mevlana, has attracted great attention from both the Mevlevi circles, other sects shaped by mysticism, and social layers with different intellectual structures in the society, since the date it was written. The tradition of advice has an important place in Mathnawi, where Mevlana tries to guide the individual and society to the right path based on religious arguments. Mathnawi has been translated and annotated many times since most of its couplets are covered with symbols, have a closed expression, and are written in Persian. Muinîddîn b. Mustafa tradition of annotating Mathnawi in Turkish, which started with the Mesnevî-iMurâdiyye written by himself in the 15th century, continued until the 21st century. The fact that Mathnawi has a deep layer of meaning, especially originating from Sufism, prevented it from being easily understood by the public. For this reason, some well-educated intellectuals of the period, assuming the identity of commentary, wrote Mathnawi commentaries to make Mathnawi more understandable in society. Of course, commentators have benefited from many sources for these activities due to the difficulty of the existing text. The first reference sources of commentators who grew up in a cultural world shaped by Islamic values and the perception of the mystical world were, of course, religious sources. Dictionary and grammar books, Mathnawi commentaries made by other authors, non-religious poems, history, biography, etc. different sources written in many fields enriched the commentator's world of interpretation and thus offered him a broader perspective.

Deciding about maternal pertussis vaccination: associations between intention, and needs and values in a vaccine-hesitant religious group

• Maternal pertussis vaccination (MPV) uptake is subjected to vaccine hesitancy. • 56% of the women would be undecided about accepting if being offered the MPV. • Decision-making needs in the orientation stage are associated with intention. • Acceptors score high on Trust in the vaccine and vaccine-providing authorities. • Contemplating religious arguments is important to orthodox protestant women.

Student Religious Moderation Contest at Indonesian Islamic Universities

Students' religious attitudes towards the state are still considered low, and there are even some students who refer to the state as toghut. However, the student's religious moderation is actually the key in realizing tolerance both at the national and international levels. The purpose of this study is to investigate the perspective of the moderate group of students on national commitment in Islamic universities. This study uses a qualitative method of descriptive analysis with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observations, and document studies. The results showed that religious moderation among students of Islamic Religious Education, Faculty of Islamic Religion, Muhammadiyah University, Jakarta, did not have a negative connotation. Students have a tawasuth attitude that is not extreme left and right and more open in accepting religious arguments.

Resolving religious debates through a multiverse approach

Resolving religious debates through a multiverse approach

LAWS AND OBSTACLES IN COUNTERING TERRORISM AND HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS

<p><em>Terrorism is an extraordinary crime that is of concern to the world today. Not just acts of terror alone, but acts of terrorism also violate human rights as fundamental rights that are naturally inherent in human beings, namely the right to feel comfortable and safe or the right to live. In addition, terrorism also causes casualties and damage to property. Acts of terrorism also damage the country’s stability, especially in the economy, defense, security, etc. Meanwhile, sociologically, acts of terrorism damage spiritual values in the order of social life by giving rise to religious arguments as justification for these acts of terror. The impact of this crime is innocent people who are victims of heinous and inhuman acts of terrorism. This is what underlies the importance of solving the problem of terrorism completely</em><em>.</em></p>

Chains of Persuasion: A Framework for Religion in Democracy

Chains of Persuasion: A Framework for Religion in Democracy

HACKING THE TRACKS OF ANTI-SCIENCE GROUPS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The presence of covid-19 has been over 2 years, but it is still a problem in understanding and attitude. There are still those who tend to reject the existence of Covid-19. The author considers this phenomenon an antiscience attitude whose impact can hinder handling the covid-19 outbreak. Therefore, it is important for all parties, especially the government, to intervene to deal with groups with antiscience labels. This paper only highlights how the figures and characters of antiscience groups and the impact of the pandemic era. This study aims to reveal the theoretical identity of the antiscience group in dealing with the covid-19 virus. The researcher uses a qualitative approach (library study) by studying documents related to the problems discussed in the research process. Researchers apply the description method in describing the problem as a whole and interpretive analysis to conclude. The results of this study are that the representation of the group in this paper the authors make tends to conflict with religion and science, use religious arguments for personal gain, have a very excessive belief orientation, and use ego rather than reason. The attitude of this group will have an impact on several possibilities, such as making it easier for someone to contract the coronavirus, hampering government efforts in handling covid, causing anxiety for others, and accelerating the growth rate of this virus.

DİN VE SİYASETİN YORUMLANMASINDA SÖYLEMİN AYRIŞTIRILAMAZLIĞI

Siyasetin içerisinde barındırdığı iktidar ve muhalefet olguları, siyasi kültürlerin eskimeyen değerleridir. İktidar ve muhalefetin sahip çıktığı fikir ve değerler ise konjonktürel gelişmelere göre farklılaşabilmektedir. Siyasetin içerisinde her dönem kendisine yer bulan, zamana ve mekâna göre değişimi oldukça düşük olan bir diğer olgu ise dindir. Dini yaşam tarzı ve toplumsal uygulamaları, insanla müteşekkil ve değerler üzerinden etki yaratan gerçekleri içerisinde barındırmaktadır. Toplumsal hayatın pek çok yerinde dini bakışın siyaset aracılığıyla yaratılmış etkilerini görmek mümkündür. Easton’un tanımladığı şekliyle “değerlerin otorite yoluyla dağıtımı ” olan siyaset, dini argümanlar karşısında yeniden yorumlanabilmekte ve bazen aracı rolüne büründürülebilmektedir. Hitabetin gücü ve hatibin kendisi bu süreçlerde etkileyici bir güç olarak belirmektedir. Dini pratikler içerisinde yer alan ve geçmişten bu güne var olan kabullenmeler, sahip oldukları sembolik değerlerle birlikte siyasetin de içerisine nüfuz etmeyi arzuladığı durumları ortaya çıkarabilmektedir. Siyasetin içerisine nüfuz etmek istediği pek çok durumda iktidari mücadeleler görmek mümkündür. Meşru iktidar olan otorite, kimi zaman sahip olduğu iktidarını din ile güçlendirmek istemektedir. Demokratik toplumlarda dinin toplumsal belirleyiciliğinin seküler bir bakış ile azaltılması çabaları dinin etkileyici konumunun söylem ve algılar üzerinden işletilmesine sebep olmuştur. Söylemin ve dilin gücünün devreye girdiği bu zamanlarda öncelikli hedef, bilişsel süreçlerde yaratılmak istenen algıdır. Bu çalışmada söylemin din ve siyaset içerisindeki kullanım değerine bağlı olarak sahip olduğu güce dair bir çerçeve çizmek, dini ve siyasi söylemlerin iç içeliğinde söylemin ayrıştırılamazlığına dair bir yorum geliştirmek amaçlanmaktadır.

Ujamaa and Religious Pluralism in Tanzania: What Divided-Subjectness Reveals about Christians and Muslims

This paper examines how Christian-Muslim debates are carried out from a linguistic point of view, to determine whether the presence or absence of unity in Tanzania could be attributed to the Ujamaa ideology. Therefore, the question this paper wishes to answer is how Christians and Muslims share discourse resources in these religious debates to show their closeness as friends. The study was conducted on two Christian- Muslim debate meetings in Mwanza and Tunduma. A Conversation Analysis focusing on turn allocation, amount of interruption, selection and change of topics, control of the agenda and how interactions are established and finished, coupled with interlocutors' word choice contradict the assertion that these debates are friendly conversations. The meetings exhibit a deep-seated suspicion, and they are more of a competition to win disciples from each other. It is in a competitive atmosphere such as this that divided subjectness shows, when the real register trumps the symbolic and the imaginary registers, that there is no love lost between interlocutors, and unification too distant to achieve.

Neglected Novelist or Cruel Necessity? The Forgotten Work of a Sensational Sisterhood

In 1886 appeared a late sensation novel called A Cruel Necessity by Evangeline Smith. Despite favourable reviews, the novel never sold well because of the unreliability of its publisher. It is of interest today because of what it tells us about domestic collaborative writing practices, because of its clear engagement with Milton, and because of its working out of religious debates. Making use of the Smith family diaries now in Dorset History Centre along with printed materials concerning the family, this article continues work first published in 1973 by exploring the novel in two new ways. First, after an introduction, I show how the diaries reveal the novel to be the result of a family collaboration (especially between Evangeline and her sisters). In the most substantial section of the article, I discuss the novel’s engagement with religion, as manifested in the recovery of its heroine’s romantic love and of her faith. I argue that the novel exploits strongly Miltonic religious symbolism and action as well as a great deal of Biblical allusion while portraying the social life and Victorian gentility of the established church in a way familiar from mid-Victorian realism, all the while following many of the conventions of the sensation novel. The theology that governs the novel’s resolution is that of the established Anglican Church, with little if any acceptance of either Calvinist Nonconformity or Anglo-Catholic ritualism which were growing in importance at the time. This is perfectly in accord with the Smith family’s conventional antidisestablishmentarian position, as evidenced by material concerning Evangeline’s brother.

The Patriarchal Interpretation and the Political Participation of Rural Women in Bondowoso East Java

This study aims to oversee the practice of gender injustice that affects rural women's lack of substantive political participation in Bondowoso Regency. During the Legislative General Election in 2014-2019 and 2019-2024, women's political participation was complimentary for the registration and administrative requirements rather than substantial involvement. This situation continues to happen even after the release of regulations that require the fulfillment of a quota of 30 percent of women’s representation in a political party. This study uses a qualitative approach. Furthermore, this study also uses a feminist approach. By using that feminist approach, this study aims to discover (1) how rural women in Bondowoso respond to political engagement and (2) how religious arguments are interpreted concerning the role of women in political engagement. This study found that (1) women’s involvement in politics is high in quantity rather than quality. Women’s political participation does not directly guarantee their active role in the political world. Instead of making a maximum contribution to the development of politics, women’s participation is stigmatized. (2) One circumstance that hinders women’s participation relates to the misogynistic interpretation of religious teachings in Bondowoso’s rural society. It refers to patriarchal domination in understanding the concept of leadership in Islam that eventually stigmatizes women’s involvement in politics.

A Pragmatic Analysis of Fallacies in English Religious Argumentative Discourse

Fallacies are common errors in an argument and they undermine the logic of that argument. They obstruct the process of argumentation since they do not contribute to the resolution in difference in opinion. The current study investigates fallacies in four religious argumentative debates between Muslims and atheists. It adopts Toulmin et al (1984) as a model for analysis. Results show that both debating parties, Muslims and atheists commit fallacies but the latter exceeds the former quantitatively and qualitatively. The most common fallacies in Muslims’ arguments are straw man argument, poisoning the well and attacking the person whereas the straw man argument, argument from ignorance, hasty generalization and appeal to compassion are the most committed ones by atheists.

Between Intention and Implementation

In 2018, news of a 41-year-old Malay man’s marriage to a Thai girl of 11 as his third wife broke out in the Malaysian media, catalysing nationwide concerns on the state of affairs of child marriage in Malaysia. This article analyses the news reports on this child marriage scandal and draws on my own long-term ethnographic fieldwork studying marriage and intimacy in the state of Kelantan to examine the ensuing public and religious debates concerning the amendment of Malaysia’s Islamic family law enactments. I demonstrate that state- and federal-level efforts at curbing child marriage have failed largely due to the lack of consensus amongst the religious and political elite, as well as members of the Muslim community, on what the purpose of marriage is, who – and whose interests – it is meant to protect, and what measures should be implemented to prevent its abuse. Furthermore, child marriage in Malaysia has been ideologically sustained by a rhetoric of ‘masculinist protectionism’ in which men justify their marriage to young girls as an act of care and benevolence to mask a reality of coercion and violence. However, legal reform on child marriage will not only be ineffectual but also inadequate if it is not enforced in tandem with other initiatives such as seeking poverty eradication in rural regions; looking at the feasibility of contracting eloped marriages in Southern Thailand; and carefully reconsidering Malay adat and Islamic norms promoting young and early marriage as alternatives to prolonged periods of courtship.

Reformed but not converted: Paolo Sarpi, the English mission in Venice and conceptions of religious change

Abstract Taking as its starting point the well-known English effort to ‘convert’ Venice to Protestantism in the wake of the Venetian Interdict controversy (1606–7), this article explores the ways in which early modern conceptions of conversion varied according to context. Drawing on evidence relating to Venice, England, Ireland and the Jesuit missions to China, it traces how divergent understandings of religious change shaped – and were shaped by – confessional controversy. The idea of ‘conversion’ posed particular conceptual difficulties as a description of inter-confessional transfer, and this article probes the implications of these difficulties for religious and political debate.

Tobat sebagai Landasan Problem Solving: Studi Tafsir Tematik

The main advice of Islam is for sinners to repent immediately because religious arguments explain that repentance is a door of convenience, as well as acting as a procession for eliminating sins. Meanwhile, the problems faced by humans today are increasingly diverse and increasing. This study aimed to discuss repentance as a basis for problem solving. The method used in this study is a qualitative method based on the literature review with the content analysis. Then to explain the verse in this study, it was carried out using the thematic interpretation method (maudhu’i). The result of this study as a discussion that includes the meaning of repentance and the problem solving, verses about repentance related to the problem solving, and the analysis of repentance as a basis for the problem solving. This study concludes that based on the analysis carried out with thematic interpretation steps, it is known that denial and sin cause calamities and problems both on a small and large-scale. Then repentance exists as a purification step for the soul that is offered to eliminate drop calamities and problems and replace them with luck.

Religious Debates on the Coronavirus Pandemic in Iran

Iran was one of the first countries that was severely affected by the COVID-19 outbreak in the Middle East in February of 2020. What is unique about Iran is that religious leaders from the early stages have been involved with debates concerning its cause, preventive measures, and moral significance. Relying on textual analyses of media coverage, herein we examine religious debates in Iran that are increasingly gaining public attention amid the pandemic. Our analyses illuminate the styles of reasoning used by religious leaders to situate their understandings of the pandemic that are principally organized through the language of science. Our findings include that religious leaders are receptive to modern science, but not unquestionably. The status, application, and development of modern science is contingently shaped by the discourses and practices of Islam that religious leaders find compelling based on what they regard as a proper understanding of Islam and Islamic medicine.

Saffron Suffrage: Buddhist Monks and Constitutional Politics in Cambodia

AbstractAs one of the world’s only constitutions to recognize Theravada Buddhism as the state religion yet not include a religious exemption to the universal franchise for its monastic community, Cambodia’s Constitution stands out as an anomaly. This article traces the ways in which the realities of this remarkably inorganic approach to religion—enshrined in Cambodia’s Constitution in 1993, pursuant to a heavily internationalized peace process—have subsequently been shaped by debates occurring within Cambodia’s Buddhist institutions, rather than judicial ones. Drawing on data derived from archival research and a series of ethnographic interviews conducted during 2017 and 2018, I home in on decades-old debates about the voting rights of Cambodian monks to show how individual monks justify their participation in electoral politics through a mixture of both secular and religious arguments. The on-the-ground reality of the extension of the franchise to the Buddhist clergy in Cambodia, in other words, is ultimately shaped by an ongoing contestation within the sangha, with proponents and opponents of a religious exception grounding their arguments simultaneously in constitutional and theological vocabularies. The article sheds light on a singular constitutional arrangement—a unique relationship between religious and state institutions that has so far received relatively little scholarly attention—and highlights an instance of constitutional practice that occurs beyond the reach of both judicial and other state institutions.

Perspektif Maqashidus Syari’ah Menyikapi Dinamika Hukum Ketatanegaraan Islam

The concept of a nation state with a very diverse population triggers the need for new analytical tools in religious studies. This is solely to find the legal standing element in the area of contemporary religious studies. In the context of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), the existence of Pancasila as the ideology needs to acquire its legal standing by using a certain theoretical perspective. In Islamic jurisprudence (ushul fiqh) there is knowledge of maqashid sharia which can serve as an analytical tool in conducting studies of Islamic constitutional law, including the ideology of Pancasila. This study examines 3 (three) issues: first, what is the role of maqashid sharia in religious research such as Islamic constitutional law? Second, what is the role of maqashid sharia in responding to the dynamics of Islamic constitutional law? Third, what is the perspective of maqashid sharia on the principles of Pancasila as the ground and ideology of the NKRI? By using normative juridical research method, this study concludes: first, religious research, including Islamic state administration, requires adequate theoretical tools (maqashid sharia) for it can produce findings that are in accordance with the development of the society; second, the dynamics of Islamic constitutional law is shown by the shift in the form of government from the caliphate system, to the kingdom to democracy, so that religious arguments do not direct certain forms of state and government; third, the principle of Pancasila as the basis and ideology of the NKRI has been proven to be able to unite the nation and create harmony in the midst of the diversity and plurality of the people.

Perlindungan Hukum Dan Keadilan Para Pihak Melalui Ex Officio Hakim Dalam Putusan Verstek Perkara Perceraian

The concept of a nation state with a very diverse population triggers the need for new analytical tools in religious studies. This is solely to find the legal standing element in the area of contemporary religious studies. In the context of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), the existence of Pancasila as the ideology needs to acquire its legal standing by using a certain theoretical perspective. In Islamic jurisprudence (ushul fiqh) there is knowledge of maqashid sharia which can serve as an analytical tool in conducting studies of Islamic constitutional law, including the ideology of Pancasila. This study examines 3 (three) issues: first, what is the role of maqashid sharia in religious research such as Islamic constitutional law? Second, what is the role of maqashid sharia in responding to the dynamics of Islamic constitutional law? Third, what is the perspective of maqashid sharia on the principles of Pancasila as the ground and ideology of the NKRI? By using normative juridical research method, this study concludes: first, religious research, including Islamic state administration, requires adequate theoretical tools (maqashid sharia) for it can produce findings that are in accordance with the development of the society; second, the dynamics of Islamic constitutional law is shown by the shift in the form of government from the caliphate system, to the kingdom to democracy, so that religious arguments do not direct certain forms of state and government; third, the principle of Pancasila as the basis and ideology of the NKRI has been proven to be able to unite the nation and create harmony in the midst of the diversity and plurality of the people.

The Victorian Cult of Shakespeare: Bardology in the Nineteenth Century

The Victorian Cult of Shakespeare: Bardology in the Nineteenth Century