Religious Architecture Research Articles

RESTORATION OF TRADITIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROVINCIAL SLOBOZHANSKY SACRED ARCHITECTURE

In this way, the two living cosmos of the spiritual and sacred - ethnos and theos - are combined again, the times of the creation of elite (aristocratic-official) architectural and artistic culture - the baroque and classicist tradition - are combined with the continuous time-space of folk sacred culture. The meaningful series of complex and largely forgotten spiritual symbols, which, however, constitute the deep essence of the folk tradition, are reunited. It has been proven. that the first nationally conscious and effective searches for a new uniqueness and originality of national architecture and art originate precisely from the era of modernism and ethnically rooted folk-style (national-romantic) architecture genetically related to this trend. It has been proven that one of the Slobojan architects who successfully developed deep traditions of temple architecture in the modern era was the last Kharkiv diocesan architect (1907-1917) Volodymyr Mykolayovych Pokrovsky. Namagannya yaknaishvidshe to remember three-quarters of the delay in an hour of miserable panuvannya of the atheistic sovereign doctrine of the treasury of sacral architecture once again forced professional designers to turn around until the nadban of the past. After a long break and severe wrongful losses, the creative artists of susilla and mystetsky distillation in the gallery mastered the new and traditional plastic richness of modern church symbols. As in the largest places and creative processes, the processes are least painless, in the regional periphery there is a pardon and a little mor. And it’s not less than the fact that the most ruins appeared here in the past, ale th, the main rank, the one who traditional innovations at the most important gallery, the sacred everyday life was long overdue, stretching out life for many generations, pcs scientifically rapist prizupineno. Tim more importantly assess the whole depth of the living tradition of Slobozhan sacred architecture can be directly far away. Keywords: development, principles, foundations, sacred architecture, regional traditions.

Design of Syari'ah Resort in Barus, North Sumatera With a Religious Architecture Approach

Islamic architecture is a form of structural art that takes inspiration from the Qur'an, the Sunnah of the Prophet, the Prophet's Family, Companions, Scholars, and Muslim scholars, as well as the physical and metaphysical features of buildings. The concept of Islamic Architecture can maintain harmony between nature and local culture, and sustainable designs must be used, protecting the environment from the planning stage onwards. Barus, which is the entrance to the Islamic Archipelago Civilization, has the potential to be developed into a favorite destination for pilgrims. The beautiful environment around Barus is an added value for this area because the beaches are still beautiful, and the people still adhere to their local wisdom. The object of study is to explore and implement religious-oriented design for resort hotel. The method we use is qualitative explorative research by reviewing some relevant-theory and synthesizing concept. The study formed the design statement: Barus as the "Zero Point of the Spread of Archipelago Islamic Civilization," which will attract domestic and international visitors, boost the local economy, and provide jobs for the local community. It is necessary to include a bit of Mandailing Batak culture as the majority ethnic group in Barus. The main objective of this sharia resort design is to create sharia-oriented atmosphere through the use of religious architecture and upholding positive human relations. Mosques, galleries, viewing towers, separate swimming pools for men and women, and other facilities are available at this resort, which will make visitors' vacations keep connecting to from Islamic concepts.

Quantitative Estimation of the Internal Spatio–Temporal Characteristics of Ancient Temple Heritage Space with Space Syntax Models: A Case Study of Daming Temple

Ancient temple heritage space is a subcategory of integrated spaces with profound religious architecture, culture, and landscape. The temporal and spatial characteristics, spatial layouts, and functionalities of ancient temples are gradually transformed during different periods in their development. However, quantitative topological estimation tools, e.g., space syntax and detailed digital spatial models, have seldom been adopted in related studies on ancient temples. Daming Temple is a typical representative of the revitalization of Buddhism monastic building heritage in China. This research studies the spaces of Daming Temple, Yangzhou City, in three different periods and explores its spatio–temporal characteristics based on two space syntax models, i.e., the angle segment analysis (ASA) model and the visibility map analysis (VGA) model. By multi-step quantitative estimation, changes in the mean depth (MD), mean connectivity, and intelligibility of the temple have been observed. The global spatial structure is thoroughly revealed, which indicates the changes in the ‘temple-residence-garden’ inter-relationship. It is indicated that dynamic spatio–temporal characteristics of the temple have been undergoing changes chronically. Some phenomena are found to be effective in offering reasonable explanations for these changes, i.e., the changes in relationships among spaces, visitors’ pathfinding difficulties, and spatial design techniques. It also found that there are certain correlations between temporal–spatial changes and spatial conservation strategies for building heritages. The case study can provide some valuable references for the conservation, reactivation, and redesign of related historical and cultural building heritage in East Asia.

Wooden church construction in Tomsk province late in the 19th and early 20th centuries

Purpose: The purpose is to study wooden churches in the Tomsk province late in the 19th and early 20th centuries.Methodology: Archival documents and bibliographic research are used to identify wooden churches in the Tomsk province, namely in Tomsk, Kainsky, Kuznetsk, Mariinsky, Barnaul. The analysis is given to compliance of these churches with standard projects of the years 1857 and 1899.Research findings: Based on systematized historical, archival and bibliographic documents and their analysis, wooden churches of the Tomsk province are identified.Practical implications: The possibility of using the results obtained for wooden religious architecture in Russia in preparing lectures, reports and messages on the history of the Siberian architecture and in activities of security and local government bodies, for the project implementation of conservation and restoration of surviving objects.

Vernacular Sacred Architectural Heritage Assessment: The Case of Wat Chedi, Southern Thailand

Thailand’s vernacular and religious architecture is rich and unique. Wat Chedi, a temple in the southern part of the country, is visited by thousands of Buddhists and tourists every month. Despite of its national importance, Wat Chedi is not considered as a historical site and therefore, the site is undervalued. This study aims to assess the value of Wat Chedi’s architectural design and features by proposing a novel point-based criteria based on aesthetic, scientific, educational, and social values. The novel criteria also consider factors such as changes and the respect for changes, which are aligned with the concept of conservation in Southeast Asia. The proposed criteria are then applied to Wat Chedi and to the historic Wat Phra Mahathat Woramahawihan temple, and the results are compared and discussed. The results indicated that whilst Wat Chedi has changed both physically and culturally along with the community and era, it is still a site with significant vernacular architecture and ‘high’ aesthetic, scientific, educational, and social values, whilst the historical value of Wat Chedi is classified as ‘moderate’. Moreover, Wat Chadi’s architecture is proven to be a symbol of people’s spiritual beliefs. It is proposed that the Fine Arts Department of Thailand (and/or relevant agencies) should adopt the criteria proposed in this study to assess other vernacular and religious sites across the country. It also proposed to register Wat Chedi as a valuable intangible cultural heritage site of faith to be preserved for future generations. This article contributes towards developing more efficient tools to assess the vernacular architecture of faith in Southeast Asia, which in turn can help protect important sites for future generations.

THE SPIRIT OF VATICAN II: THE IDEALIST ASPECTS OF LITURGICAL ARCHITECTURE IN EUROPE

The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the “idealist” intellectual workshops behind the 20th-century liturgical architecture before and after the Second Vatican Council. These workshops established their concepts on the intriguingly historic presumption that, in order to refresh the Catholic liturgy, one must seek and return to the origins of Christianity. In other words, their worldview was characterized by the spirit of ressourcement, which was one of the great motivators of the new liturgical paradigm brought about by 1962. Ressourcement had both monastic and secular aspects to the invocation – or recreation – of the early apostolic communities by means of new spatial and contextual programs in contemporary church architecture. These programs were conceptually compound, and were often guided or implemented by the clergy itself. The study also sheds light on some of the 21th-century interpretations and the survival of the same ideas in today’s architectural culture.

:Architecture in Ancient Central Italy: Connections in Etruscan and Early Roman Building

:<i>Architecture in Ancient Central Italy: Connections in Etruscan and Early Roman Building</i>

Critical Evaluation of Architectural Rudiments from the Perspective of Religion

History and literature denote importance of symbols which represent Religion and architecture. As per cultural evolution different symbols evolved in aesthetic form making it tangible. This paper focus on religion that binds them together at a certain point and how it has its own values and elements in the shape that society and its people has given it. The role played by religion in architecture can be stretched back thousands of years ago. Religion arises as a necessity to understand various aspects of society and surrounding social activities, that reflect in complementing the scientific understanding of religious architecture and symbols. Religious architecture is the historic record of the way people express their faith. These old structures are the heritage of the country. The elements like religious symbolism come up with various beliefs, rituals, and scriptures from ancient times. These elements merged with the architectural style to form religious structures. Since the ancient era religion has been a major source of inspiration in architectural construction and architecture has concretized religion, thus spaces they shape support and reflect spiritual practices and religious beliefs. Indeed, the motive of each structure remains the same, varying its symbolism in each religion. The aim of this paper is to understand how all religious structures are connected to each other with various aspects. Key Words: Architecture, religion, religious structures, heritage, case-based reasoning and history

Learning from tradition: a case study of the diagnosis, dendrochronological dating, and intervention on a 16th-century timber roof structure in the western Italian Alps

The paper presents a significant case study: the Church of San Giovanni Battista in Salbertrand dates back to the 16th century and constitutes one of the most interesting examples of religious architecture in the Susa Valley of the western Italian Alps. Its historic timber roof structure was once at risk of demolition, but in 2000 finally became the object of necessary preservation and reinforcement works. Here, the interdisciplinary studies carried out for the diagnosis and assessment of the state of conservation are presented, starting with the identification of the wood species used, the geometrical survey, the visual and NDT diagnosis of the timber elements, and the structural evaluation. A special section is dedicated to the dendrochronological analysis, with a comparison of different case studies regarding larch roof structures of other historic architectures located in the northwest of Italy. The tree-ring sequences obtained from the buildings presented have also been used to define a larch chronology of the Susa Valley in Piedmont. Following the first assessment phase, a second phase involved defining the restoration and reinforcement interventions. The reinterpretation of historic craftsmanship rules and traditions, which already contemplated the use of steel devices, attempted to offer alternative design solutions. This reinterpretation constituted the basis of the reinforcement interventions carried out in Salbertrand in the early 2000s. This paper highlights the importance of learning from historical treatises, showing how, even in modern reinforcement interventions, the application of traditional carpentry rules can achieve the aims of preservation and structural efficiency with overall cost-effectiveness and durability, resulting in a favorable balance between tradition and innovation.

Cuando las cruces hablan. Analisis de los rastros de ritualidad popular sobre la pared desde una optica antropologica

Since a whole series of investigations began to appear more than twenty years ago on the so-called scriptures on display up to the present day, especially those on popular epigraphs, studies on certain manifestations captured on walls have made it possible to define a very common practice, times enormously repetitive, as occurs with certain symbols of a religious nature embodied on civil and religious architecture. However, even though we have an important corpus at our disposal, there are not many interpretations of an anthropological nature that allow us to place in specific coordinates the intentions through which certain writings and symbols were shaped in very specific contexts. Through the study of three particular examples of the religious architecture of the community of Castilla y León (Spain), we try to address the intentionality of these manifestations and shed light on a phenomenon, very widespread in the Christian world, little studied to date.

Microclimatic Monitoring—The Beginning of Saving Historical Sacral Buildings in Europe

A suitable indoor climate positively affects the lifespan of historical building structures. The path to an agreeable climate begins with monitoring current conditions. Considerable attention is given to monitoring the indoor climate of historical buildings. The motivation for monitoring air temperature and surface temperatures, relative air humidity or airflow can be, for example, the installation of heating, the occurrence of biotic damage, and others. Through the analysis of the most frequently used keywords, a strong connection was found, for example, between thermal comfort and the church. This review also summarises the various reasons for conducting microclimate monitoring studies in historical religious buildings on the European continent. It is supplemented with an evaluation of the monitoring methodology from the chosen period of the year point of view, the measured parameters, and the length of the interval between the recordings of quantities. It was found that in more than one-third of the cases, the recording time was less than or equal to 15 min, but mostly less than or equal to 1 h. Quite often, monitoring results are used to calibrate a simulation model describing the hydrothermal behaviour of a historical object under various operation alternatives (e.g., influence of ventilation, climate change, occupancy, etc.). This way, it is possible to test various intelligent systems in the virtual world without much risk before they are used in an actual building application.

A IMPORTÂNCIA DA ARQUITETURA SACRA NACIONAL ATRAVÉS DOS TEMPOS: UM COMPARATIVO ACERCA DAS IGREJAS DE SÃO FRANCISCO DE ASSIS EM MINAS GERAIS

The present work aims to analyze the relationship between sacred architecture and its relationship with place and time, demonstrating that even though the works are from different periods and authors, both have similar characteristics, which allows creating an opinion about the importance of religious architecture. As the sacred architecture had existed since the colonial period, it is intended to highlight its articulation with the national conjuncture, to then trace the history of the architects as well as the architectural styles. It is intended, after a bibliographical review, to compare the architecture between the styles as well as to identify religious architectural elements of a transitory or permanent character, the messages consolidated and perpetuated in time. As a solution, it is possible to diagnose that, despite different periods and authors, sacred architecture maintains its importance even in the face of the different architectural particularities located in time and space and that the essences of its message are sacred in people's lives.

Revealing the Innovations in Late Medieval Roof Structures of Finland

Abstract In Scandinavia and Finland, nearly all constructions, including monumental and sacral architecture, used only timber until the 11th century. In Finland, timber remained the dominant construction material until the 19th century. Due to many fires, wars, and other catastrophic events, the number of still-standing wooden buildings and constructions erected before industrialization is very limited. Medieval wooden buildings can only be found in archaeological excavations, and the last remaining medieval load-bearing wooden structures are preserved in the medieval stone churches. While medieval roof constructions have been widely researched elsewhere in Europe, a comprehensive understanding of medieval roof constructions in Finland is largely lacking. This article presents an ongoing study of roof structures in Finnish medieval stone churches, focusing on two churches, Pernaja and Hammarland, which provide evidence of the transition from tie beam roof trusses to roof trusses without a tie beam. We examine the typology of the trusses, and present new results based on a comparison of the churches and dendrochronological analyses. Finally, we discuss possible explanations for the structural innovations and the emergence of the roof truss without a tie beam in a wider cultural context.

An Urban Approach to the Archaeology of Buddhism in Gandhara: The Case of Barikot (Swat, Pakistan)

By moving beyond the walls of monumental religious architecture, this article adopts a city-lens approach to the investigation of lived Buddhism in the third century cities of northern Gandhara. Based on the evidence available for the city of Barikot (Swat, N Pakistan), the layered complexity of urban religiosity is approached here through a contextual analysis of the built-up environment and intra-site spatial distribution of religious artefacts. By focusing on the interaction of three distinct urban realms (household, inter-household, Buddhist saṃgha) in two specific urban spaces, domestic spaces and urban temples, an argument is made for both the existence of a multi-layered household religiosity with compartmentalised forms of religious communication as well as for the appropriation of urban forms of religious communication by the urban Buddhist communities.

Ritual void in the sacred architecture of Montenegro

Sacral architecture has always aimed at the ritualization of space, which gained its spatial form by making the void. Common to all religions is the need to create a grandiose space with a "sacred void", which achieves mystification, sublimity, as a special experience of the religious space. Historical examples show that religion has demonstrated its power precisely through volumetrics that exceeded expected proportions. However, contemporary realizations of sacral architecture point to the need for a redefinition of the "sacred void". In this sense, the goal of this work is analysis the smaller scale of the sacral void, which is present in numerous examples of sacral architecture in the Balkans. In this paper, several relevant examples in the territory of Montenegro will be processed, whose idea of emptiness remains as a consequence of religious, cultural, but also contextual conditions, where the wall - the beginning, as a building element of emptiness, plays an important role.

The Look that Can Petrify: Ancient Spolia with Medusa Motif Embedded in Sacral Buildings on the Territory of Serbia

The Look that Can Petrify: Ancient Spolia with Medusa Motif Embedded in Sacral Buildings on the Territory of Serbia

Analyse the differences in origin and layout of Chinese Buddhist and Taoist architecture

This article mainly lists differences between Buddhist and Taoist architecture in China, and compares them in various aspects by analyzing the layout and origin of the architecture and combining religious meanings. As an important material manifestation of Chinese local religion, temple architecture not only represents the cultural core of Chinese religion, but also reflects the cultural heritage and profound connotations of Chinese religion. Chinese religious architecture combines the ideas of classical palace architecture and garden architecture design, so temple architecture can be regarded as a treasure in Chinese architectural art. As a cultural symbol and microcosm, they also greatly enhance the importance of people’s understanding and protection of religious architectural art. The article combines the viewpoints of multiple experts to supplement and explain the core points of the article, and preliminarily explores the main reasons for the formation of the layout and style of Buddhist and Taoist architecture. Through research, the author aims to deeply explore the design differences between Buddhist and Taoist architecture.

Analysis of the original functional layouts of neo-Gothic sacral architecture in the Lublin Voivodeship

Analysis of the original functional layouts of neo-Gothic sacral architecture in the Lublin Voivodeship

Neoslohová sakrálna architektúra a jej prejavy na Slovensku

The changes in social, national and cultural conciousness around a third into the 19th century brought also inspiration in the field of artistic and architectural creation. There was an emphasis oo the artist´s individuality, and inner movements were characteristic. The dynamism and freedom of creation stood in contrast to classicist reservedness and moderation. State, church and national communities simultaneously look for security and support in tradition. It brings preferred historical themes and a direct connection to the historical principles of creation in architecture. The neostyles were applied, and by the end of the 19th century, so was eclecticism. This article deals with the origin and development of neostyles in the field of sacral architecture with a focus on Slovak territory.

ПЕЩЕРА КОНЫР АУЛИЕ - ТАЙНЫ, ЗАГАДКИ, НЕИЗВЕСТНОСТЬ

The article addresses the study of sacred places of East Kazakhstan. Sacred sites - monuments of religious architecture, castles, burial mounds, burial grounds, places of worship - are one of the main foundations of the spiritual tradition. Every nation, each civilization has its sacred places, which are of the national meaning and are known to every representative of that nation. In East Kazakhstan there are 13 sacred places that are included in the belt of national shrines. Most of them are located in Semey and Abay district. And one of the most mysterious and fascinating legends is the legend of the cave of Konyr-Auliye. This holy place is located in the Abai Oblast, the Abai region along the Chagan River in the western part of Shyngystau mountain. No one knows exactly when or under what circumstances this cave appeared. Everything is based only on the legends and tales of the older generation. The cave of Konyr-Auliye is located on the right bank of the Shagan River in the Abai district, 18 kilometers southeast of Toktamys Batyr village. According to the East Kazakhstan Regional Department of Culture, Archives, and Documentation, the monument belongs to the ancient Turkic era (VII-VIII centuries). The Sacred Places are one of the foundations of the spiritual tradition, which is important for future generations so that they represent it to other people in the world. In this article, we will try to reveal the message of the legends and tales about the cave, as well as tell about the most accurate history of the origin of Konyr-Auliye.