This study investigates the influence of cultural values, legal frameworks, and religious factors on the ease of starting a business in Lagos, Nigeria, using four key indicators: the number of procedures (PROC), the number of days (DAYS), access to credit (CRDT), and startup cost (COST). Drawing on institutional and socio-cultural theory, a structured survey dataset of 200 respondents was analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results reveal that legal origin (LEGL) exerts the most substantial effect across all startup dimensions, significantly predicting procedural burden, time delays, credit access, and cost. Cultural influences (CULT) also play a significant role, particularly in affecting procedural complexity, days required, and cost. Religion (RELG), while slightly less impactful, shows significant relationships with all four indicators, especially in shaping perceptions of credit access and procedural engagement. The findings highlight the multidimensional nature of startup barriers in the region and underscore the need for integrative policy approaches that account for socio-legal realities.

Religion ist ein Zentrum geschlechterpolitischer Auseinandersetzungen. Im Hintergrund steht ein neuer antifeministischer Konsens gegenüber Geschlechterrechten; sie werden gleichzeitig instrumentalisiert, um rassistische Politiken zu rechtfertigen. Dies wirft die Frage nach der Form, den Möglichkeiten und der Reichweite feministischer Religionskritik auf. Der Beitrag diskutiert hierzu das Verhältnis säkularer und religiös-feministischer Kritik aus phänomenologischer Perspektive als Problem kontrastierender Episteme.

Teleworking has been a novel option for companies, providing advantages in productivity and low costs; however, it has been a chaos to the mental health of staff living situations of distress and depression due to work overload, time management, which has caused affections in their psychological and social area as an individual, being a priority issue of public health. This article aims to analyze the effects of teleworking on the mental health of workers in a consulting company in the hydrocarbon sector in Colombia, with a sample of 30 administrative workers in the management and execution of contracts of Environmental Services and HSE Services in the National territory. Taking a punctual record of the impact of stress and mental health management in their work, a non-experimental type of research of observational transversal cut with descriptive scope was established, taking two types of instruments for its validation, a survey created by the authors that showed medium experience in the use of ICT’s and medium stress causal in the management of information storage tools, and the modified Multidimensional Copyng Inventory (MCI) Scale, obtaining a medium and representative level of use in strategies of Waiting (WT), Religion (REL) and Search for Professional Support (PS), requiring the strengthening of other types of strategies. The research shows the need to potentiate methods aimed at leveling autonomy and productivity with their capacities and skills in formation, harmonizing the space for their family time.

Reviewed by: Teaching in Black and White: The Sisters of St. Joseph in the American South by Barbara E. Mattick James M. Woods Teaching in Black and White: The Sisters of St. Joseph in the American South. By Barbara E. Mattick. Washington, DC: Catholic University of Press, 2022, 275pp. $34.95. Barbara Mattick, a woman with a background in public history, has produced a welcome contribution on women religious orders and their impact on black and white pupils, patients, and orphans in the American South. My history of the Catholic Church in the American South from 1513–1900 did not deal directly with this topic and so this book is needed. This work starts when the Sisters of St. Joseph from France arrived in the mainly Catholic community of St. Augustine in 1866 until they affiliated with another order of women religious in 1922. [End Page 98] Her book follows no overall narrative but covers different aspects of their history. The first chapter covers the Irish Sisters of Mercy who came to Florida’s oldest city in 1859 and stayed a decade. The next chapter deals with the coming of the French Sisters of St. Joseph in 1886 and follows their ministry for the next quarter century to white and black students. The third chapter is on the intense religious rivalry between the Catholic sisters and the female Protestant missionary associations for the souls of “black folk” in Florida. The next chapter covers the sisters and their ministry during the Yellow Fever epidemics of 1877, 1888. The next two chapters deal with personnel and provincial changes, including the awkward situation when the sisters were ordered in late 1899 to sever their relationship with the motherhouse in France. The penultimate chapter is on anti-Catholicism and racism in early twentieth century Florida. The final chapter covers the Sisters of St. Joseph in Savannah, Washington, and Augusta until the early 1920s. The book draws upon a rich array of primary sources especially the hundreds of letters in French to the motherhouse in Le Puy, France. Such correspondence provide a rare look at these remarkable women “and their inner thoughts, struggles and hopes and even their sense of humor” (xiv). The work is augmented with pictures of the sisters and their ministry with white and black students in Florida and Georgia. This reviewer found it pleasing that the footnotes were located the bottom of the page. This book highlights areas of nineteenth century religion often overlooked; for example, ecumenism. As Mattick observes, “salvation was only possible through the Roman Catholic Church; Protestants were heretics . . . . The Protestant Missionaries . . . just as adamantly considered Roman Catholics to be lost souls” (82). When in 1913 a Florida bill passed forbidding whites from teaching in black schools, public or private, three sisters of St. Joseph were arrested on April 24, 1916, for violating this law. Two sisters were bonded out but Sister Thomasine Hehir refused and was put back into the convent for running a black Catholic school in St. Augustine. On May 21 a local judge [End Page 99] ordered her released as the law did not apply to private schools. While this was an interesting event, Mattick has three locations for this St. Benedict the Moor school. She once listed it near St. Augustine in Lincolnville, a picture of Sister Thomasine has the school in 1916 as being in St. Augustine, and another locates the school in Ybor City (185, 186, 249). This caveat aside, the Sisters of St. Joseph founded the “first recognized convent school in Florida, the first Roman Catholic white order to minister for freedmen after the Civil War, and the first Catholic orphanage in Florida” (235). Even after the religious order transferred its affiliation after 1922, it continued to minister with black and white students for decades later. With this book being published, it is hoped that their legacy will not be ignored or overlooked. [End Page 100] James M. Woods Georgia Southern University Copyright © 2023 American Catholic Historical Society

This paper explores the relationship between religion and state- and nation-building in interwar Yugoslavia. In the current scholarship, the relationship between religion and nationalism in interwar Yugoslavia has been assessed primarily in terms of its contribution to the Croat-Serbian tension and exacerbating political crisis leading to the collapse of the state (Ekmečić, 1989; Radić, 2000, 2003). This approach continues the historiographical tradition of studying the positive link between religion and national identity in the Balkans, where indeed since the 19th century religion has played an important role in the development of national ideologies and national movements (Jelavich, 1983; Kitromilides, 1994). This articles provides a more detailed exploration of the dynamic behind the religious communities’ shift from initial support of Yugoslavia in 1918 to disenchantment with the Yugoslav idea and withdrawal of support. I argue that the reasons for this shift are closely linked to how Yugoslav authorities approached the question of religious diversity and attempted to secure religious equality in the context of establishing new state structures; and to what assumptions were made about the role and place of religion in relation to both the new state and the Yugoslav nation. The article thus questions the presumption that religion was inevitably a destabilizing factor in the interwar period.

African Traditional Religions, Afterlife, Communion of Saints, Intermediate state, Confessions of the Reformed Church.

The existence of Religion is a correction of behavioral problems that substantively cause tension, violence and even damage to the social fabric, or better known as tyranny. There is no religion established itself as a rel igion of violence and it is certain that all religions claim to be a religion of peace. But on the other hand, religion can lead to damage and even mass murder. Therefore, religious messages are ambivalent, whether religion is to solve problems or it is the source of problems. This ambivalence is emphasized with the rise of religious adherents by showing complex faces to interpret. The complex face is inseparable from the adherents of the r eligion itself, both Islam and Christian. Because the realizat ion of religious adherents have the legitimacy of the text (the source of their religious teachings).

Is Theology Science? - Understanding of The ‘Theology’ of Reformed Life Theology in The Light of Calvin’s Institutes of Christian Religion -

The objectives of this study were (1) to describe the religious values contained in the verse Nasyid Salsabil, (2) to describe the way the poets describe the religious values in the verse nasyid Salsabil. The method used is a qualitative research method. The type of approach in this research is content analysis. The data in this study were all parts of the nasyid lyrics which contained religious values, with the source of the data being the verse nasyid Salsabil. Based on the results of the analysis, the data depicted in Salsabil's verse are (1) the relationship between man and God, including; pious and pray, (2) human relations with other humans, including; please help, advice, and affection, (3) human relations with society including; harmony, and wisdom, (4) human relations with oneself including; be humble and maintain self-respect. The results showed that the relationship between humans and God which is described in the verse of Nasyid Salsabil is that people repent and prostrate to Allah and read the words of Allah. Pray by asking Allah to be cleansed of his heart, asking Allah for his life to be preserved, and asking Allah for the blessing given to his mother. The relationship between humans and other humans as described in the verse of Nasyid Salsabil, namely unifying hearts to fight for religion, advising others to be enthusiastic in fighting for religion, directed to their children to always know God, remind others of avoiding acts that are prohibited by religion, advising to provide maternal services, advising married women and advice to remember death and. A mother's love for her child and a mother's patience in conceiving. The relationship between humans and society as described in nasyid verseis unity in upholding religion and maintaining Islamic identity and greeting and respecting invited guests. The relationship between man and himself which is depicted in nasyid verse is to greet and apologize, and to maintain Islamic brotherhood.

Neste artigo, analisamos quatro enunciados brasileiros que circulam em diferentes materialidades discursivas e que têm como objeto a sexualidade. O objetivo é discutir como o sexo é posto em relação com os domínios da saúde, da religião, da política e da família, fazendo derivar uma série de temas. Para tanto, ancoramo-nos nas discussões de Foucault (1999; 2002; 2008; 2019) acerca do discurso como prática e da sexualidade como um dispositivo historicamente construído, para analisar as materialidades enunciativas em sua densidade histórica, pondo-as em um campo associado, ou seja, em uma série de enunciados relacionados. Conclui-se que os dizeres sobre a sexualidade no Brasil contemporâneo são marcados por disputas em torno dos conceitos de família, do uso dos corpos dos sujeitos e do gozo de direitos civis, que vagam pelos campos da saúde, da religião, da intimidade familiar e da política.

The phenomenon of global society today believes religion and culture play an important role in the fields of economic, social, and health development towards Mokshartam Jaghadita Ya CaIti Dharma. The health and beauty of postpartum mothers, as one of the main indicators to determine the health status of a nation. This is a phenomenon that has a great influence on the success of health development. This research is descriptive qualitative using observation techniques, in-depth interviews, practitioners, and the community, as well as collecting documents from supporting libraries related to the research. This research was dissected with the theory of Structuralism-Functionalism, Ayurvedic Health Theory, and Cold Heat Theory. The results showed that the reasons for the people of Denpasar using traditional medicine for the health and beauty of postpartum mother were (a) reasons for cultural religion (b) reasons for trusting traditional healers (c) reasons for supporting laws and regulations (d) reasons for infrastructure (e) creative economic reasons (f) health tourism reasons. The procedures for health and beauty postpartum mothers have staged by the procedures for therapy with a religious approach, supernatural therapy, prana, hypnotherapy, meditation, yoga, acupuncture, herbal therapy, and nutrition.

The practice of online prostitution that is happening right now is believed to be due to the rapid development of information technology. The influence of technology in the cyber world causes prostitution services to be carried out in disguise such as through mi chat. The purpose of this study was to analyze the existence of online prostitution in the corner of sociology law. Through the approach of legal sociology, online prostitution is only a way of peddling the real practice of prostitution that has happened thousands of years ago. Using normative juridical research methods, this study tried to address some of the problems caused by online prostitution in the country. From the standpoint of legal sociology, online prostitution is a social phenomenon accompanied by technological developments and updates that occur due to economic needs. To overcome this, a law is needed in the form of laws that can now be used by the ITE Law, the development of education, especially religion, expanding employment, the renewal of the Criminal Code to the practice of online prostitution and fostering families so as not to fall into online prostitution.

Freedom of religion between globalisation and new nationalisms. Brief remarks on Usa and India in comparative perspective

As a child discovers her autonomy, most mothers must manage and cope with tantrums, the intensity and frequency of which can potentially create a lasting and negative behavioral dynamic. For these reasons, tantrums are important childhood phenomenon that appears to warrant more empirical attention than they have been given to date. Thus, the investigators felt the need to conduct a study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding temper tantrums among the mothers of toddlers of selected areas in Sangli, Miraj and Kupwad Corporation area in India. The result seldom documented showed that mothers after receiving planned teaching regarding temper tantrums had higher mean knowledge scores in post-test (15.98) than in pretest (11.48); there was statistically highly significant increase in post-test score. The researcher applied Pearson’s Chi Square test for finding association but there was no association between demographical variables such as age, education, religion, and type of family and pretest knowledge score. Keywords: Temper tantrums, toddlers, mothers

Nell’opera giovanile di Weber, che si occupa prevalentemente di problemi di politica agraria, i concetti di “classe” e “ceto” vengono talvolta distinti ma perlopiù utilizzati come sinonimi. Solo a partire dal 1909, nel corso del suo lavoro a Economia e società e all’Etica economica delle religioni universali, Weber ha avvertito l’esigenza di una maggiore differenziazione concettuale. Le “classi” hanno il loro posto esclusivamente nell’ordinamento economico, mentre i “ceti” sono collocati nell’ordinamento sociale, formandosi attraverso la suddivisione del «prestigio sociale» o «onore», che a sua volta deriva da diverse fonti, tra cui anche quelle di tipo religioso. Il saggio studia le forme della stratificazione religiosa, che nascono dalla conoscenza del rituale e dei precedenti, dalla competenza nella scrittura o da uno specifico sapere riguardante le condizioni di possibilità della redenzione.

The study aims to consider pluralism reality in Christian religious education. Pluralism in Indonesia is experienced every day by the people in a concrete and close way. On the diversity of cultures, ethnicities, races, languages, groups, customs, religions, and lifestyles, people can learn from one another, thereby enriching one another. We can learn from Islam about obedience in carrying out religious laws, from Buddhism the writer can learn about simplicity is emptying yourself as a servant. In Hinduism, we can learn about self-awareness, from Catholicism, we can learn about submission to church leaders, then from Christianity, we learn about love.

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Resenha

Despite the importance of the church as a social factor that operates in the dynamics of Latin American societies, it has been little studied by our historians and social scientists. The purpose of this essay (part of a study of these developments in the 1960s) is to examine the context in which the ideas of the revolutionary priest Camilo Torres Restrepo emerge, to analyze his theory and theology of the revolution to understand its continental consequences, and examine some of the questions posed by this phenomenon to the history and sociology of religion.

In this paper, the foundation of the 74 Japanese pharmacy schools was reviewed. From the early Meiji era until the beginning World War II, 21 schools including Tokyo University were established. After the war, the new four-year university system was introduced from America, and the above 21 schools became universities and 25 universities were newly founded. In 2006, clinical pharmacy was introduced from America, and the six-year undergraduate system began. This system was divided into 2 groups, 1) 6 year system of clinical pharmacy plus 4 years doctor course and 2) 4 years system of pharmaceutical sciences and a master degree lasting 2 years plus a 3 year doctor course. These two systems started in 2006. The students of clinical pharmacy course must take the 22 weeks of clerkships in a community pharmacy and hospital pharmacy. The graduates (8,446) in 2015 March took the National License Examination for pharmacist, and the pass rate was 72.65%. The entrance into pharmacy school is not easy; however, the passing of the National License Examination is more difficult. The aim of pharmacy education should be to foster pharmacists with a deeper understanding of society and with richer humanity for the patient. To achieve this, what needs to be included in the curriculum are the subjects of the human social pharmacy, such as philosophy of pharmacy, ethics, religions, history of pharmacy, pharmaceutical affairs law, economics, management, and social pharmacy. The inclusion of such subjects needs to be implemented in the near future. Of course, the study of pharmaceutical sciences is a life-long endeavor.