Terms Of Religion Research Articles

Taking a “multiple forms” approach to diversity: An introduction, policy implications, and legal recommendations

AbstractIn both academic and policy contexts, two of the most widely researched and discussed diversity ideologies are multiculturalism (i.e., acknowledgment and celebration of group differences) and colorblindness (which can involve focusing on group similarities and characteristics of individuals instead of differences). However, both diversity ideologies have potential drawbacks, and their implications for intergroup contexts beyond race and ethnicity are not well understood. Given that the United States is becoming increasingly diverse in terms of religion, gender identity, and sexual orientation as well as race and ethnicity, we propose a “multiple forms” approach to diversity ideologies, particularly multiculturalism. We suggest that explicitly emphasizing the importance of many types of diversity may be beneficial for dominant and non‐dominant group members and for institutions and organizations more broadly. In this article, we present an overview of the “multiple forms” approach and what it would entail, review empirical evidence supporting its potential effectiveness, discuss the psychological and legal advantages and challenges involved in implementing such an approach, and offer concrete policy recommendations for doing so.

A study of cash waqf contribution between millennials of Malaysia and Indonesia

PurposeThis study aims to examine the determinants of motivation that influences Malaysian and Indonesian millennials to contribute cash waqf.Design/methodology/approachThe present study used self-determination theory and 423 respondents, of which 205 respondents are from Malaysia and 218 from Indonesia. The study developed a self-administrative questionnaire, and it is distributed through an online survey method, and the data are analysed using SmartPLS partial least squares analysis.FindingsThe results show that perceived donor effectiveness and moral obligation factors influence both Malaysians and Indonesian millennials to make cash waqf contributions. Meanwhile, the face concern factor did not significantly affect millennials in Malaysia and Indonesia to contribute cash waqf. Furthermore, the sense of self-worth factor appears to significantly influence only Indonesian millennials but not Malaysian millennials.Research limitations/implicationsThe research findings have significant theoretical and practical ramifications. Firstly, while face concern has a positive effect on millennials’ willingness to contribute cash to waqf, it is not statistically significant in Muslim populations. This implies that to persuade millennials to make cash waqf contributions, the face concern argument should be avoided.Originality/valueThe comparative study between Malaysia and Indonesia adds new value to this study. These two Muslim majority countries have similar attributes in terms of religion, demography and race background. Furthermore, the focus of this study, which targets units of analysis from millennials, has received very little attention in the literature related to cash waqf.

A NON-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE LEVEL OF PERCEPTION, PERFORMANCE AND SATISFACTION TOWARDS ONLINE LEARNING DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC AMONG UNDERGRADUATE PHYSIOTHERAPY STUDENTS IN EMAAR GREENS, JAIPUR

E-learning plays a vital role in this current scenario among students across the globe. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of perception, performance and satisfaction regarding online learning during Covid-19 pandemic among undergraduate physiotherapy students. A quantitative approach with a non-experimental descriptive research design with 60 undergraduate physiotherapy students were recruited as study participants using a non-probability sampling technique for this study. 
 According to the research study conducted by Abbasi Maria S. in 2020 stated that E-learning satisfaction levels were better among developed countries (7.34) compared to developing countries (5.82). The majority of participants agreed that E-learning was satisfactory in acquiring knowledge, however not effective in acquiring clinical and technical skills. As the COVID-19 lockdown eases, there is a need for improvement in the methods employed in E-learning and more blended learning among healthcare students is recommended.
 
 Data were collected using a self-structured questionnaire both for demographic information and to assess their level of perception, performance and satisfaction with online learning. The result of this study showed that the majority (50%) of the 30 physiotherapy students were between the ages of 19 and 20. By gender, 39 (65%) were women. In terms of religion, 38 (63.3%) were Hindu. 42 (60%) of them in the Bachelor of Physiotherapy program were in their junior year. Regarding prior information, 36 (60%) received updates via social media. It has also found that the current Level of Awareness, Performance and Satisfaction of Physiotherapy Students with Online Learning 7%) were found to have moderate awareness. Low awareness, 8 people (13.3%) had high awareness. Current online learning outcomes were 44 (73.3%) fair, 13 (21.7%) good and 3 (5%)) bad. Current satisfaction results showed that 44 people (73.3%) were moderately satisfied with online learning, 12 people (20%) were very satisfied, and 4 people (6.7%) were not satisfied.
 For this study, the mean score and standard deviation of current level of perception, performance and satisfaction with online learning among undergraduate physiotherapy students were 31.28±6.27, 33.20±5.54,33.35±6.29 with a minimum score of 14.0, 15.0 and 10.0, maximum score 43.0, 50.0 and 50.0.
 Furthermore, it has also showed that the association between current level of perception, performance and satisfaction with online learning among undergraduate physiotherapy students with their selected demographic variables None of the demographic variables showed a statistically significant relationship with current level of perception, performance and satisfaction with online learning among undergraduate physiotherapy students. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of perception, performance and satisfaction regarding online learning among undergraduate physiotherapy students during covid-19 pandemic in Emaar Greens, Jaipur. Therefore, it was concluded that the current level of perception and satisfaction was average with fair performance towards online learning among undergraduate physiotherapy students.

Comparative Study of Hisbah Institutions and Consumer Protection Institutions In Indonesia In A Review of Islamic Business Ethics

Islam does not teach people to be concerned with the world or the events of the afterlife, but both must be in harmony. Islam not only gives its followers the freedom to do business, but it also provides some basic principles for doing business: unity, balance, free will, responsibility, and truth, including virtue and honesty. The Hisba is a government-controlled religious organization that oversees the proper fulfillment of its obligations by the community when society begins to neglect its obligations, and when people become accustomed to this error, society does wrong. Its general purpose is to protect the communal environment from harm, preserve its existing destiny, and ensure the well-being of the community, both in terms of religion and daily conduct, according to divine law

Intra-cluster correlations in socio-demographic variables and their implications: An analysis based on large-scale surveys in India

Individuals who share similar socio-economic and cultural characteristics also share similar health outcomes. Consequently, they have a propensity to cluster together, which results in positive intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) in their socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics. In this study, using data from four rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), we estimated the ICC for selected socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics in rural and urban areas of six states namely Assam, Gujarat, Kerala, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal. The socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics included religion & caste of the household head, use of contraception & prevalence of anaemia among currently married women and coverage of full immunization services among children aged 12-23 months. ICC was computed at the level ofPrimary Sampling Units (PSUs), that is, villages in rural areas and census enumeration blocks in urban areas. Our research highlights high clustering in terms of religion and caste within PSUs in India. In NFHS-4, the ICCs for religion ranged from the lowest of 0.19 in rural areas of Kerala to the highest of 0.67 in urban areas of West Bengal. For the caste of the household head, the ICCs ranged from the lowest of 0.12 in the urban areas of Punjab to the highest of 0.46 in the rural areas of Assam. In most of the states selected for the study, the values of ICC were higher for the use of family planning methods than for full immunization. The value of ICC for use of contraception was highest for rural areas of Assam (0.15) followed by rural areas of Gujarat (0.13). A higher value of ICC has considerable implications for determining an effective sample size for large-scale surveys. Our findings agree with the fact that for a given cluster size, the higher the value of ICC, the higher is the loss in precision of the estimate. Knowing and taking into account ICCs can be extremely helpful in determining an effective sample size when designing a large-scale demographic and health survey to arrive at estimates of parameters with the desired precision.

Community Economic Empowerment Strategy Through PRO UKM Lazis MUM Padang City

The purpose of this discussion is to find out the strategies, outputs and supporting and inhibiting factors of LAZIS Mitra Ummat Madani in Padang City in empowering the community's economy through PRO UKM. The type of research that the author uses is a type of field research (Field Research), to obtain data from the problems studied. Data collection techniques that the authors use is through interviews and documentation. Data management was carried out in a qualitative descriptive manner, then described and classified aspects of certain problems and explained through effective sentences. Based on the research that has been done, the researchers get the results that 1) the strategy carried out by LAZIS Mitra Ummat Madani Padang City in empowering the community's economy through PRO UKM is to find mustahik who really need business capital assistance through PRO UKM to the field, in addition to PRO UKM assistance distributed to mustahik in the form of goods not in the form of cash. 2) the output of the strategy carried out by LAZIS Mitra Ummat Madani in Padang City in empowering the community's economy through PRO UKM, not only empowering in terms of economy, but in terms of religion and psychology, such as in terms of religion, mustahik have started to give alms, while in terms of family psychology, it is more harmonious and children are not neglected. 3) supporting and inhibiting factors for LAZIS Mitra Ummat Madani in Padang City in empowering the community's economy through PRO UKM, and supporting factors.

Islamic Law Thought

This study aims to describe the views of the Syafi'iyah clerics on the concept of kafāah; this is important to discuss because so far, in the opinion of the general public and especially Aceh, kafāah is only limited to equivalence in the field of religion. In contrast, in other fields, its existence is ignored. This research methodology uses normative juridical with a literature review; then, the descriptive analysis is used to describe the collected data that has been reduced; the primary data in this study are the works of Syafi'iyyah scholars. As for the findings of the study; the conception of kafāah in Acehnese society only focuses on conformity in terms of religion because this is the most basic right of a marriage, without having to fulfil other fields of kafāah, while in the view of Syafi'iyah scholars, religion is the main requirement of kafāah, but other aspects of kafāah must also be considered and are as important as the religious side, such as; heredity, occupation and no defects experienced by the prospective husband which can occur faskh, and all the standardization of kafaah become a condition for the validity of the marriage under certain conditions

The Understanding of Religious Moderation and Attitudes Students of Religious Sociology for Social Intolerance Iain Parepare

Issue religious intolerance is one of the challenges in the life of Indonesian society today which is based on diversity both in terms of religion, race, culture, language. Of course there are differences in perspectives. Moreover, as a student who is equipped with knowledge, of course, he has critical power to convey a perception or view to others. Students are expected to be a strategic tool to internalize the values ​​of religious moderation in building tolerance. This study discusses the understanding of religious moderation and students' attitudes towards intolerance. This study uses descriptive qualitative research, namely research that describes the results of interviews in the field. Researchers took data with the method of observation, interviews, and documentation. The theory used is the theory of religious pluralism in which the understanding being taught that all religions have relative truth. Meanwhile, multiculturalism theory provides an understanding of cultural, ethnic and religious diversity. The results of this study indicate that students of the sociology of religion have understood religious moderation within the scope of the campus and within the community. They generally reject all forms of social intolerance that harm individuals or groups in the name of religion. This research can serve as a comparison to the phenomena and issues of intolerance in Islamic religious universities today.

Community behavioral change and management of COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Indonesia

ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate the effect of information and motivation on behavioral change related to the COVID-19 pandemic management in Indonesia. It also examines the role of behavioral skills in mediating the information-behavioral change relationship and the motivation-behavioral change relationship. MethodThis study employs the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the research hypotheses. Using the online survey method to collect data, 845 responses were obtained from several main islands of Indonesia. ResultsThe results of the study show that information and motivation positively influence people’s behavior changes. Behavioral skills mediate the influence of information and motivation on behavioral change. This study contributes to the development of the information-motivation-behavior model (IMB-Model). It also provides additional knowledge on pandemic management in the research setting of Indonesia as a country that has complex characteristics in terms of religion and belief, demography, culture, economy, and politics. ConclusionsThis study concludes that the success of Indonesia in dealing with the pandemic greatly depends on the success of changing the community behavior. Providing reliable and consistent information enhances people’s motivation to build their behavioral skills. With increased behavioral skills, people have changed their behavior in fighting against COVID-19 by obeying health protocols, participating in vaccination programs, and practicing a healthier lifestyle.

In defence of partial faith

AbstractSome people display a general attitude towards God which does not fulfil the criteria of full-blown faith but also does not amount to lack of faith. I argue that in some cases such an attitude, best described as partial faith, is likely to be the all-things-considered best option – even if God exists and the best possible relationship with God is the greatest possible good. This is because, in a universe as religiously ambiguous as ours, some people seem unable to have full-blown faith, and for some others such faith is likely to be possible only at the cost of contradicting some values relevant for the relationship to God. Somehow paradoxically, God-related worries and doubts leading to spiritual struggles and enquiries can improve one's relationship with God, so that, for some people at some times, the advantages of partial faith may override those of full-blown faith. If I am right, it offers some reason to think that partial faith does not deserve the criticism which has traditionally been directed at it. In addition to that, I argue that, independently of the normative assessment, partial faith is a useful descriptive concept, which can throw light on many issues surrounding faith in general and make it easier to describe some themes belonging to continental philosophy of religion in analytic terms.

ABORTUS PROVOCATUS (DUE TO RABE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF AL-ḌARAR YUZÂLU

This article discusses the discourse on abortion in pregnancy of victims of rape in the perspective of al-ḍarar yuzâlu. Act No 36 of 2009 about health and Government Regulation Number 61 by 2014 about reproductive health, allows abortion due to rape. However, in its implementation there are still many obstacles, because of the abortion discourse which is still pro and contra, especially in terms of religion and cultural morals. This paper is a library research with qualitative data. Normatively, the discussion on abortion still raises various polemics and negative stigmas among the community as well as legal explanations. Therefore, this study is analyzed using the fiqh rule approach used in legal istinbaṭ by describing the reality of abortion and the impact of pregnancy due to rape for women. The purpose of this study is to become a discussion discourse to encourage good policies and regulations for women who become pregnans as a resultof rape. By using the rules of fiqh al-ḍarar yuzâlu, it is hoped that the harm is sought to be removed by terminating the pregnancy, as part of the protection of women, hifdz an-nafs, which is part of the maqâṣid al-syarȋ’ah.

Homo pandemicus – homo solitarius

Abstract The purpose of the paper is to analyze the phenomenon of loneliness that was caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. As this is a very broad issue, it was just limited locally to the Polish society, and thematically to the religious aspect. Pandemic loneliness was mainly the result of social isolation to contain the spread of the Sars-CoV-2 coronavirus, causing the Covid-19 disease. In terms of religion, loneliness was caused by separation from public religious practices and the feeling of a lack of Providence. This paper presents three faces of religious loneliness caused by the COVID-19 pandemic: liturgical loneliness, doctrinal loneliness and loneliness related to the feeling of lack of full religious freedom.

Socio-Economic and Demographic Factors Associated with Raw Alcohol Consumption

Aim: To determine the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics that influence raw alcohol intake. Methods: It was a cross sectional study, conducted at community level at Badin district for 3 months from 1st September 2019 to 30th November 2019. The study included all of the cases that met the inclusion criteria. All responders or their relatives provided written consent. A complete history of alcohol intake and associated factors was obtained. Performa was used to record all of the data. For data analysis, the SPSS v.22 was utilized. Results: A total of 115 individuals participated in the study. Their mean age was 37.11 years, with a standard deviation of 8.096. The majority of the individuals (89.6%) were Sindhi; in terms of religion, 43(37.4%) were Muslin, 6(55.7%) were Hindu, and 8(7%) were Christians; roughly 53(46.1%) of the study participants were illiterate and had no education. About 44.3% started to drink as an adult, 26.1% drank more than five times per day, 61.7% drank more than two pegs/glasses of raw alcohol on a daily basis, % liked to drink at night, and around 45.2 % drank alcohol as a habit. The majority of drinkers (46%) were encouraged by their friends. Practical implication From point of practical implication, it is important to know that drinking alcohol increases the chance of developing mental and behavioral disorders, including alcohol dependency, as well as severe non-communicable illnesses such as liver cirrhosis, several malignancies, and cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: Raw alcohol intake (ethanol) can have major effects for people's current and future health and quality of life; our findings give critical new information regarding this public health issue. Keywords: Alcoholism, Consumption, Demographic factors, Ethanol, Raw alcohol.

The Mechanism in Religious Intertextuality in Zari's Poetry

ABSTRACT This research, entitled (The Mechanism in Religious Intertextuality in Zari's Poetry), deals with the use of the Indicative Mechanism in Religious Intertextuality, poems of (Zari 1905.1982) as a model, based on the descriptive.analytical approach, and sometimes the statistical approach. The research consists of an introduction and two sections. In the first section, topics about intertextuality, the term intertextuality and its definition, then the term religion and its definition, and finally religious intertextuality were discussed, and in the second section, the Indicative mechanism in the religious intertextuality of Zari’s poetry was addressed, and a set of detailed points of his poems were identified as a model. And in the end, the conclusions of the research were presented, with a summary of the research in Arabic and English language.

Equity of Maintenance Hemodialysis in Myanmar: Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study

Background: Maintenance hemodialysis has been the commonest Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) in Myanmar. The equity is questionable in Myanmar, a developing country, as developed countries reported inequities of dialysis in various aspects. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in selected Hemodialysis Centers (HDC) which are under the care of government of Myanmar in August 2022. Data were collected by using standardized forms and analysis was done. Results: A total of 168 cases from 5 HDC situated in Yangon (lower part of Myanmar), Nay Pyi Taw (central part of Myanmar), Aung Ban (Eastern part of Myanmar), Lashio (North eastern part of Myanmar) and Kyaing Ton (near Golden Triangle) were included. The age range was 21-79 years; old age was not excluded for maintenance hemodialysis. Male to female ratio was 1:1.2 revealing accessibility of both sex to maintenance hemodialysis. The proportion of ethnic groups was Burmese (139/168), Rakhine (8/168), Karen (7/168), Shan (6/168), Danu (2/168), Paoh (1/168), Chin (1/168), Kachin (1/168), inlay (1/168), Lesue (1/168) and Larhu (1/168); it was in accordance with normal ethnic distribution in Myanmar. Regarding religion, the majority were Buddhist (158/168); Nine patients were Christian. One patient was Islam. It was proportionate with percentage of population by religion in 2014 Census. Only 38 patients were graduates and four patients were illiterate; therefore, illiterates were accessible to maintenance hemodialysis. Ninety-eight percent of patients had comorbidities; and, 5% had 5 comorbid diseases revealing patients with multiple comorbid status were not left behind. Half of the patients were unemployed pointing that the jobless were not excluded for hemodialysis. Median travel time to HD center was 45 minutes (IQR 26-120 minutes). The maximum was 3 hours (180 minutes) in 3 patients. Half of the patients required 60 minutes travel time to HDC. Fifty percent of patients had booster vaccination to COVID-19. Most of the patients, over 90%, were doing their daily routine activity without assistance. Ninety-eight percent of patients were satisfied with treatments in their corresponding HDC. Conclusion: There was no difference in age, sex, race, religion, comorbidity, employment status, underlying etiology and education in terms of accessibility to maintenance hemodialysis. Although they were dealing with long travel time of more than one hour in 50% of cases, their attitude was positive. As half of the patients had travel time of more than an hour, we need new HDC in Aung Ban. Resource allocation to renal replacement therapy should be encouraged at ministry level.

THE ‘SACRED HEART’ OF ALICE: A READING OF MOHAMMED HANIF’S OUR LADY OF ALICE BHATTI

Our Lady of Alice Bhatti is the Pakistani writer Mohammed Hanif’s second novel which was published in 2011. This novel again demonstrates the predilection of the author for satire in his critique of modern Pakistani society and manners. This paper looks at the manner in which Hanif uses the Catholic Alice Bhatti as a focalizer to critique the social, political and religious chaos he perceives as pervading Pakistan. Alice, who in many ways recalls Defoe’s Moll Flanders, is a junior nurse at the Sacred Heart Hospital for All Ailments, a decaying hospital rampant with corruption. The fact that the protagonist of this novel belongs to a religious minority brings up the fault lines within Pakistan with great clarity. The hospital itself towers over the world of the novel, providing a context for most of the events in the novel and becomes a powerful image of the marginalization of religious minorities and religious intolerance in Pakistan, represented through attitudes towards Christians in the novel. In this scheme of things, Alice constantly attempts to de-link herself from reductive images in terms of religion, gender and caste as she continuously questions and challenges the dominant attitudes of not merely the majority Muslims but her Christians as well.

ANALISIS HUKUM PIDANA DAN KRIMINOLOGI TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA PENISTAAN AGAMA DI INDONESIA

Blasphemy is one of the criminal acts of insulting and degrading a religion. Blasphemy comes from two words, namely blasphemy and religion, blasphemy comes from the word blasphemy which means low blasphemy. Religion also means a deliberate attack on the good name and honor of another person or a groups both orally and in writing with the aim of being known by the wider community.The purpose of the research from the perspective of criminal law is to look at the concept of accountability for criminal acts of blasphemy in Indonesia and the protection of religious law for someone who commits blasphemy, while from a criminological perspective to look at the arrangements for criminal liability for perpetrators of criminal acts of blasphemy in Indonesia and regulations Religion from the Criminal Code (KUHP). The method used in this research is Normative (Normative Legal Research). This type of research uses qualitative research. The research approach that is carried out is more aimed at the statute approach. Conceptual Approach The nature of the research in this thesis is descriptive research. The form of this research is a form of prescriptive book of criminal law. The results of this study indicate that the legal arrangement regarding the crime of blasphemy in Indonesia is regulated in Article 156 of the Criminal Code as for the contents of the article which reads: whoever publicly expresses and expresses feelings of hostility, hatred or humiliation towards one or several groups or groups of Indonesian people, threatened with a maximum imprisonment of five years or a maximum fine of four thousand five hundred rupiah. The word group or group in this article is interpreted as part of the Indonesian people who have differences both in terms of religion, place and country, race, descent, nationality or position according to article 156 of the Criminal Code. It is recommended that legal arrangements regarding criminal acts of blasphemy in Indonesia need to be perfected by adding articles that are able to answer all the needs of the community, both in the Criminal Code and the Law of the Republic of Indonesia.

Space invaders and norm-politicians: how the media represent the intersectional identities of Members of Parliament

AbstractHow do the media describe the intersectional identities of elected politicians? Our study focuses on parliamentarians in the Netherlands who fall outside the prevailing norm in politics: women and female and male ethnic minorities. Drawing on 2,783 newspaper articles published between 1994 and 2012 and matched samples, we find that the media structurally emphasize the identities of all parliamentarians who are not white men. Women politicians are more often described in terms of gender, ethnic minorities in terms of ethnicity and Muslim politicians in terms of religion. Ethnic majority men, meanwhile, are most often described by their political ideology. We find that this works already for one minority identity, as well as multiple identities. By continuously highlighting the identities of politicians that diverge from the norm, the media, we argue, paint pictures of women and ethnic minority politicians as different and out of place.

Awareness and Practice of Public School Core Values among Junior High School Students

Aims: This study determined the students’ awareness and practice of the public school Core values of maka-Diyos (Godly), makatao (person-oriented), makakalikasan (environmental), and makabansa (nationalistic) in a component city of Northern Negros Occidental.
 Study Design: The study utilized a quantitative research design, particularly the descriptive-comparative and correlational approaches.
 Place and Duration of Study: This study assessed the students’ level of awareness and extent of practice of core values of maka-Diyos, makatao, makakalikasan, and makabansa of junior high school students in a public school in Negros Occidental, Philippines, during 2021-2022 when taken as a whole and grouped according to sex, religion, and family structure.
 Methodology: Using the descriptive-comparative and correlational design, the study was assessed by 221 junior high school students during the school year 2021-2022. It employed a researchers’ validated and reliability-tested core value awareness and practice questionnaires. In data analysis, Mean, Standard Deviation, Kruskal Wallis, and Spearman Rank Correlation were used.
 Results: Generally, the level of awareness (M=4.38, SD= 0.40) is very high. Particularly, all core values of maka-Diyos (M=4.43; SD=0.50), makatao (M=4.32; SD=0.52), makakalikasan (M=4.25, SD= 0.57), and makabansa (M=4.54, SD= 0.45) were rated very high. The extent of practice (M=4.38, SD= 0.41) was rated very great extent. All core values of maka-Diyos (M=4.39; SD=0.55), makatao (M=4.31, SD= 0.49), makakalikasan (M=4.31, SD= 0.57), and makabansa (M=4.54, SD= 0.46) were rated very great extent. It is also showed that there were no significant differences in terms of religion [U=2967.0, p=0.323] and family structure [χ2(2)=1.798, p=0.407]. Meanwhile, in terms of sex [U=4553.5, p=0.004], there was a significant difference in the students' awareness while there was no significant difference in the extent of practice when grouped according to sex [U=5075.5, p=0.072], religion [U=2848.5, p=0.184], and family structure [χ2(2)=3.253, p=0.197]. In terms of correlation, there was a significant relationship between the awareness and practice [ρ(219)=0.761, p=0.000] of public school core values.
 Conclusion: The core value awareness and practice of maka-Diyos, makatao, makakalikasan, and makabansa is sustainably established among the students when the public school strongly implements and promotes this Department of Education (DepEd) mandate. Making these values visible in the school environment can help the learners recognize their importance.

CULTURAL VALUES OF THE HOA PEOPLE COMMUNITY IN HOI AN (VIETNAM)

The article studies the cultural values of the Hoa people (The Chinese people) community in Hoi An (Vietnam). In particular, in the field of material culture, the author of this article delves into the architecture, costumes, and cuisine of the Hoa people in Hoi An. Considering the spiritual culture aspect, the article examines the core contents in terms of religion, belief, language, customs, and practices of the Chinese community here. At the same time, clarify the cultural exchange between Vietnam and China to create the cultural identity of Hoi An today. To conduct research on this issue, the author relies on original documents and academic achievements of Vietnamese and international scholars. The author combines two main methods of History, namely the historical method and the logical method, with other research methods such as analysis, synthesis, comparison, etc., to complete the study’s contents. The article will contribute to clarifying the cultural values of the Chinese community in Southeast Asia as well as in Vietnam and Hoi An in particular.