Form Of Relief Research Articles

Human Footprints in the Karst Landscape: The Influence of Lime Production on the Landscape of the Northern Dalmatian Islands (Croatia)

Throughout history, the production of lime on the Croatian islands, which are mostly made of limestone and dolomite, has been an important economic activity. In the northern Dalmatian islands, which are centrally positioned on the northeastern Adriatic coast, lime was produced for local needs, but also for the purposes of construction in the nearby cities of Zadar and Šibenik. On the basis of research into various written and cartographic archival sources relating to spatial data, in addition to the results of field research, various traces of lime production have been found in the landscape of the northern Dalmatian islands. Indications of this activity in the insular karst are visible in anthropogenic forms of insular relief (lime kilns, small quarries, stone deposits) and in degraded forms of Mediterranean vegetation. This activity has also left its mark on the linguistic landscape in the form of toponyms, indicating that lime kilns were an important part of the cultural landscape.

Blister beetle bites: a case report

Contacts with insects of the order coleoptera of the families Meloidae and Oedemeridae, in particular the bites of the abscess beetle, lead to acantholysis and the formation of intraepidermal blisters, as well as nonspecific skin damage. The family Meloidae (true abscess beetles) are distributed almost everywhere, with the exception of the territories of New Zealand, Antarctica and the Polynesian islands.
 Insect species of the Meloidea family have a unique life cycle. Meloidae females lay eggs not only on coleoptera larvae, but also on any other insects, such as crickets, mantises, wasps, bees, on which their metamorphosis continues in the future. Populations of abscess beetles number a large number of individuals, which increases the risk of their meeting with humans. These species have a highly toxic colorless and odorless poison of non-protein nature ― cantharidin.
 There is a rare clinical case of an abscess beetle bite. The debut of the disease occurred at the time of the patients trip to the island of Goa (India), where he noted insect bites with the appearance of the first blistering rashes and further progression of the skin process. The primary diagnosis was complicated by nonspecific changes detected during the pathomorphological examination of the skin, in the form of subacute dermatitis without classical manifestations of acantholysis with intradermal blisters due to delayed biopsy appointment. Against the background of ongoing treatment (prednisone; corrective therapy with potassium, magnesium, calcium, gastroprotectors; antibiotics; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and antimycotic drugs; combined topical glucocorticoids; a course of systemic autohemoozonotherapy) from the skin process, positive dynamics was noted in the form of relief of inflammatory phenomena, partial epithelization of wound defects.
 Secondary infection of rashes, accompanied, as in this case, by abscessing, is often found with bites of various insect families: cases up to the development of necrotic fasciitis with a fatal outcome are described.
 The described case is of clinical, scientific and epidemiological interest due to the isolated publications on this nosology and the complexity of diagnosis. Knowledge of the clinical picture of the disease will allow practitioners to develop tactics for managing patients with timely selection of effective therapy.

Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Trade

Covid-19 surprised the whole world. It was originally seen as problem for china and then for the South-East Asia. On 17 November 2019 in China, the first COVID-19 infection was identified and on 30 January 2020 in India. As the pandemic continued, many countries had to enter a partial or total lock-down that affected the world economy. China, which was the epicentre of the pandemic, has suffered thousands and thousands of deaths and, at first, had news in the world because the economic trade was not kept too long shut and rapid recoveries were also thought to have occurred. The epidemic Covid-19 definitely very infectious and dangerous disease; spreads rapidly and has a major negative effect on the life and economy(WHO). More than 1 million people have lost their lives since the outbreak in 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and the global economy is projected to decline by 4.3% in 2020.The virus spreads mainly through small, coughing, sneezing and talking droplets during close contact with people. Instead of travelling over long distances, droplets usually come to the ground or surfaces. Unfortunately, it can be infected by touching and then touching the face of a contaminated surface. It is most contagious in the first three days after symptoms begin, but spreading is possible before symptoms occur and in persons with no symptoms. Millions of jobs are lost, millions of livelihoods are at risk, and another 130 million people are estimated to live in extreme poverty if there is a crisis that continues. This pandemic poses immense challenges and human suffering. The COVID-19 is still unfinished. In many countries there is an increasing number of new COVID-19 cases, while a second wave is already an unhappy situation for many countries. While the pandemic is still highly unclear as to how and when, the unprecedented economic shock caused by the world health crisis has already strongly exposed the pre-existing weaknesses of the world economy and has seriously sparked progress in development around the world. In current literature, the effects of epidemics and pandemics in the manufacturing sector and trades have not been taken into account. Rather, most research on the disruptive effects of public health crises such as these has focused on humanitarian issues, such as the effective distribution of food and other forms of relief (Dasaklis et al. 2012; Ivanov 2020a; Paul & Chowdhury 2020). The effects of these disruptions are serious because these crises have lasting reaction and can have simultaneous impacts on operations at multiple levels, including procurement, production and distribution.

Diversity of steppe soils of Transbaikalia (exemplified by the Daurskii Reserve)

The paper presents the study of soil cover of the steppe areas on the territory of the Daursky Biosphere Reserve in the Transbaikal Territory. Natural factors of soil formation are as follows: poorly dissected relief; arid and cryarid climate; shallow ground waters; steppe vegetation with a predominance of halophytes. The carbonate and salinity of the parent rocks contribute to the formation of various types of soils. We determined the types of soils in the study area according to the modern classification: Chestnut typical and saline, Saline gleyed typical and sulfide (sor) typical. Typical chestnut soils are formed on the tops of lake terraces and form complexes with saline soils. Salted chestnut soils occupy transit landforms. Saline soils are confined to low relief forms, the shoreline to the bottom of the lake, where the accumulation of readily soluble salts occurs. Typical Chestnut and saline soils are characterized by a light granulometric composition and a low humus content. Salted chestnut soils contain high concentrations of readily soluble salts in the profile. Saline (sulphide) and typical gleyed have a heavier granulometric composition, a highly alkaline reaction of the medium, a very low humus content and a high content of readily soluble salts. Physicochemical properties of soils reflect their genesis and the current state of these soils.

Pearls in the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of older adults’ lived experiences in Ghana

This study investigates older Ghanaian adults’ lived experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic along the trajectory of social, healthcare, childcare, self-care and humanitarian dimensions and how they navigated the effects thereof, utilizing interpretive methodology based qualitative dataset. The sample [n=10] was selected using purposive sampling technique. The paper finds that the current pandemic poses significant social challenges. The restrictions on human social movements has implications for social isolation. Social isolation can lead to loneliness and depression. Essentially, loneliness and long-term social distancing physiologically have the propensity to decrease the ability of an individual to fight infections and inflammations. In consequence, the study participants adopted a myriad of survival strategies such as social bonding with grandchildren, keeping busy, fending for and socialising children outside the traditional classroom environment and yet keeping them focused academically. These activities facilitate social interaction among older adults and children with implication for bridging the childcare gap that the closure of schools has brought about with some form of relief for working mothers. It also serves as an income generating avenue in disguise albeit meagre. In conclusion, more reflection on and the study of the social, psychological/emotional, self-care and childcare challenge dimensions of the pandemic is imperative.

Geomorphological Processes at the Industrial Sludge Landfill in Sered, Slovakia

The principal aim of the study is to identify the nature and causes of changes to the surface of a landfill body of waste from nickel production located in the industrial zone of the town of Sereď (Slovak Republic). This change is related to natural and anthropogenic geomorphological processes characteristic of the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere. The landfill is an accumulative anthropogenic form of relief, and its body is composed from an artefact-metallurgical sludge, which has specific properties. The landfill constitutes a strange shape of relief at the Danubian Plane, which attracts attention with its physiognomy and also with the black color of the material significantly. It formed during the 30-year-long existence of the nickel smelter plant (1963–1993) and remained in this location, until the present day, for another 28 years after the end of production. Since 1994, the landfill has been the property of a private company that mines sludge in order to obtain residual metals.

Effectiveness of Topical Anesthetics in Pain Management for Dermal Injuries: A Systematic Review.

The treatment of dermal injuries is associated with pain in both adult and pediatric populations. We reviewed traditional treatments for controlling the pain of these lesions, such as infiltrated local anesthetics and topical local anesthetics. The objective of this review was to elucidate the efficacy of topical anesthetics in reducing the pain of dermal injuries, as well as the efficacy of topical anesthetics versus other anesthetics, or versus a placebo. Methodology: a systematic review was carried out by searching Medline (PubMED), Scopus, Cinahl, Cochrane, Lilacs, and ENFISPO for randomized clinical trials on the control of pain in dermal lesions through the use of topical anesthetics, versus a placebo or versus another anesthetic. Results: twelve randomized clinical trials with a total of 952 patients were included. Seven studies analyzed the efficacy of topical anesthetics compared to a placebo, and six of them observed statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group. Five studies analyzed the efficacy of topical anesthetics compared to other anesthetics or sedatives; three of them observed statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group, and two found no difference between the anesthetics analyzed. Conclusion: topical anesthesia is a useful method for pain control, is safe compared to other traditional methods, and offers a satisfactory form of pain relief in relation to infiltration anesthesia and compared to placebo.

An attempt to relieve oppression through the difficult paths of translation between Catalan and Spanish: The case of Avel·lí Artís-Gener

In the uneasy context of the Francoist regime, some authors tried to alleviate the difficult cultural situation through creation and translation. This is the case of Avel·lí Artís-Gener, commonly known as Tísner, a Catalan writer who was exiled to Mexico for more than twenty years. Translation from Spanish into Catalan played a major role in Tísner’s efforts to keep Catalan culture alive, and this article presents the major translation initiatives in this language combination throughout the twentieth century in order to provide enough context to give Artís-Gener’s endeavours their real weight. In Mexico, he wrote his most famous novel, Paraules d’Opoton el Vell (‘Words of Opoton the elder’), which describes the imagined ‘discovery’ of Europe by the Aztecs and creates a bond between the fate of the Nahuatl and the Catalan people under the yoke of Spanish imperialism. In 1992 Artís-Gener decided that the novel had to be retranslated into Spanish and undertook that task himself. In addition, Tísner translated major Latin American authors from Spanish into Catalan, an experience that gave him the chance to regain control of the language imposed by the Francoist regime and use it as a form of relief from the political oppression.

Has the Time Come for Relief for Federal Convictions?

Congress has been weighing a new form of judicial relief—a Certificate of Rehabilitation—that could alleviate the “internal exile” caused by the collateral consequences of a federal conviction. Aside from the once robust, now rare and erratic pardon power, federal law lacks a general restoration-of-rights regime. Currently authorized by 13 states, judicial certificates of relief are recommended by the major national law reform organizations. This essay describes a bipartisan Senate proposal to authorize federal judges to issue certificates of rehabilitation.

The Relief Art Styles of Yeh Pulu in Gianyar Regency, Bali

The relationship between Indonesia and India manifested in various cultural forms that still survive today, one of which is in form of relief. Yeh Pulu is an archaeological site located in Banjar Batulumbang, Bedulu Village, Blahbatuh District, Gianyar Regency, Bali. To date, the relief in Yeh Pulu has not been studied intensely. The objective of this research is to reveal the characteristics of reliefs in Yeh Pulu Site. Data collection was carried out through direct observations in the field and also photographs. A comparative study was used for the analysis, by comparing Yeh Pulu Relief with the reliefs from temples in Java. The results showed that the Yeh Pulu Relief has nine scenes depicting various activities of past lives. One of the scenes depicted the story of Kresnayana, which perhaps was the inspiration for the reliefs. Yeh Pulu relief was developed around 14 – 15 AD or during late Majapahit era.

Remedies and Respect: Rethinking the Role of Federal Judicial Relief

Plaintiffs bringing civil lawsuits often express sentiments like “I just wanted the defendants to admit they were wrong” and “we’re worth something and can’t be treated this way.” These statements suggest that civil litigation is not only a vehicle for material redress. It can also be a quest for more intangible forms of relief—respect, dignity, or vindication. But are these the kinds of interests that courts imposing remedies may legitimately satisfy? In analyzing divergent responses to this question, this Article illuminates the bounds of courts’ remedial authority. According to an influential line of reasoning in federal courts, which the Article identifies and calls the “circumscribed” approach, the central remedial task is to change the material circumstances of the parties to a lawsuit. On this view, federal courts are not meant to provide “moral” or “psychic” satisfaction. The Article reveals the impact of the circumscribed approach in a variety of doctrinal areas, including class action mootness, nationwide injunctions, and attorney’s fees. The effect of this approach, the Article argues, is to define appropriate judicial relief in ways that shortchange litigants for whom a true remedy requires courts to take due account of their dignity. The Article then articulates and justifies an alternative approach: a remedy that takes effect by expressing respect for the party whose rights were violated is a constitutionally legitimate, normatively desirable, and practically feasible exercise of federal judicial authority. This alternative view has several implications. For example, it provides a basis for courts to impose “symbolic” remedies like nominal damages; to treat an admission of liability from the defendant as a prerequisite of full relief for the plaintiff; and to issue nationwide injunctions in order to address stigma directed at a group to which the plaintiff belongs. In addition to highlighting these practical consequences, the Article draws out theoretical ramifications for the nature of a judicial remedy. The result is a distinctive and fuller view of federal courts’ remedial authority.

RELYEF VƏ ONUN GENETİK TİPLƏRİNİN QAZAX-QARABAĞ RAYONU KƏND TƏSƏRRÜFATININ İNKİŞAFINA TƏSİRİ

Gazakh-Karabakh region is one of the main agricultural regions of the republic. The development of agriculture in this region depends on a number of factors. The geological structure and relief of the region affect the efficient location of agricultural lands. The topography of the region must be well studied in order to properly locate agricultural areas. The slope of the relief should be a key factor to consider when locating farms properly. Taking into account the relief of the area, it is possible to achieve high productivity by properly locating agricultural areas. This will lead to the expansion of agro-industrial complexes in our country. Key words: Endogenous relief forms, exogenous relief forms, import cones, arid-denudation relief forms

Application of particle size distribution throughout the soil profile as a criterion for recognition of newly developed geoforms in the Southeastern Caspian coast

Soils vary depending on the type and intensity of interactions between the geoforms11Geoform is the generic concept that designates all types of relief form regardless of their origin, dimension, and level of abstraction, similarly to how the concept of soil is used in pedology or the concept of plant in botany (Zinck et al., 2016). and the soils. Coastal geoforms, due to special soil-forming features, contain less evolved but distinctive soils with different physico-chemical and morphological properties. The particle size distribution (PSD) is one of the most important indicators to understand the dominant conditions in sedimentary environments and determination of soil parent material. The purpose of this study was to use the PSD throughout the soil profile as an auxiliary analytical characteristic to identify the landforms in combination with surface topography and soil-forming factors. The estuarine geomorphic environment of the southeastern coast of the Caspian Sea, with about 480 km2 area, a semi-arid climate (350 mm precipitation, 17.6 °C temperature) and coastal marine environment, was studied. Grid sampling consisting of 4 rows 6 km apart and 20 points in each row 1 km apart; 15 profiles; 61 auger holes, and 4 inaccessible points was performed. In total, 456 soil samples from soil profiles and auger points were collected. In addition to routine analyses, detailed PSD analysis (20 hydrometer readings) was done in all samples. Maps of the size fractions were prepared using ArcGIS 10.6 for each layer to illustrate 3D variations in PSD. Three types of granulometric curves including: 1) a sigmoid curve characteristic of free sediment accumulation, 2) a logarithmic curve characteristic of a torrential flow or splay deposit and 3) a parabolic curve characteristic of an accumulation forced by an obstacle obstructing the flow were determined across the study area and at different depths. The spatial (from the coast to a distance of 20 km) and temporal (across different layers from the soil surface to a depth of 120 cm) PSD variations were found to be significant in the study area. This information is useful in identifying lagoons, barriers, alluvial terraces and small islands in the coastal plain areas.

Measuring the Productivity of the Foods and Beverages Industries in Indonesia: What Factors Matter?

The foods and beverages industries have shown the largest share of output in the manufacturing sector of Indonesia for more than a decade. This study aims to investigate its performance indicators through the growth of total factor productivity (TFP) and its determinants, such as imported raw materials, exports, absorptive capacity, firm size, market concentration, and capital ownership. This study employed firm-level panel data from 2008–2015 and the Growth Accounting method of Solow residual in addition to the fixed effects model to estimate TFP growth and its determinants. The results show that the foods and beverages industries in Indonesia showed positive TFP growth from 2008–2015. Moreover, variables of absorptive capacity, firm size, and market concentration promote the TFP growth of firms. Meanwhile, import intensity discourages TFP growth. However, within a certain threshold, firms with import activities perform better than non-importer firms. However, imports and exports may entail transfer of technology and knowledge and will be the bridge between the firms and the advanced market. This study recommends that policy makers increase the managerial capabilities of firms through a more massive training program as well as provide incentives to workers in the form of rewards or relief of income tax, while also improve product competitiveness through more intensive programs on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) and the Domestic Component Level (TKDN).

RELYEF VƏ ONUN GENETİK TİPLƏRİNİN KÜR-ARAZ OVALIĞI AQROKOMPLEKSLƏRİNİN FORMALAŞMASINA TƏSİRİ

The article discusses one of the factors influencing the formation of agro-complexes of the Kur-Araz lowland - relief and its genetic types, A brief description of each of the genetic types is given. Eco-geographical assessment of these factors is also discussed. Key words: alluvial plains, accumulative plains, inflow cones, eol relief forms, fluvial relief forms, river terraces, abrasion and abrasion-accumulative relief forms, arid denudation relief forms

BÖYÜK QAFQAZIN CƏNUB YAMACININ HİSSƏSİNİN MORFOSTRUKTUR VAHİDLƏRİNİN KOMPLEKS GEOMORFOLOJİ XARAKTERİSTİKASI VƏ RELYEFİNİN GEODİNAMİK XÜSUSİYYƏTLƏRİ

According to the modern geodynamic concept of lithosphere pans, the geological structure of the Greater Caucasus in the system of geosynclinal and platform regions is very complex. This situation, along with different conditions for the geomorphological development of the area, led to the formation of a complex and diverse relief with different ridges, massifs, inland basins, river valleys and other small morphostructures and morphosculptures. Key words: Greater Caucasus, southern part of Greater Caucasus, southern slopes, mosfostructure, geomorphological analysis, relief forms

THERMAL AND OVERPRESSURE HAZARDS MODELLING AND SIMULATION: A CASE STUDY OF REFINERY FIRED HEATER

Crude oil-fired heaters are associated with considerable fire and explosion hazards. The heaters present higher risks at later operational life due to ageing, wear and obsolescence. It is therefore important to re-evaluate such heaters to determine the adequacy or otherwise of the existing safeguards. This paper presents results of studies on hazard levels in aged fired heaters through quantitative consequence modeling method. A number of credible failure scenarios were considered. In particular, characteristics of potential jet fires due to Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) leaks from hole sizes: 15, 30, 50 and 100 mm were investigated. For the 100 mm hole size, it was found that thermal radiation level of up to 37.5 kW/m2 could be experienced within 25 m radius of the heater, which is enough to affect nearby operators severely and could also adversely affect critical pieces of equipment around. Fireball potential with peak thermal density of about 12.5 kW/m2 was also observed within 2 m radius. For the 100 mm hole size, lower flammability limit of the fuel could be attained within 16 m downwind which poses flash fire risks. Overpressures of 1.02, 1.14 and 1.21 bar could be experienced at 30, 6 and 4 m respectively away from the fired heater which could result in partial demolition of structures that are within the radius.Overall, the results indicate that the risk profile is very sensitive to leak sizes, operating and atmospheric conditions as well as the fuel quantity being held, among others. For the chosen case study, higher integrity protection layers, in form of safety instrumented systems, relief, blow down and alarm systems, are recommended. Keywords: Downwind distance; Consequence modeling; Radiation intensity; Flame length; Overpressure; Toxicity; Liquefied Petroleum Gas.

Worker rights and the neoliberal state under Covid-19

This article traces how the South African state responded to protect workers in the formal sector during the first year of the Covid Covid-19 pandemic. It argues that the protections that the state sought to offer, in the form of the income relief from the Covid-19 Temporary Employer/Employee Relief Scheme and its limited attempts to ensure occupational health and safety are grounded in neoliberal logics. These logics, however, are not new and were cemented into post-apartheid labour law through the Labour Relations Act and the Basic Conditions of Employment Act, which enabled ‘regulated flexibility’. The ‘techniques of neoliberalism’ have also played an important role in shaping the institutions responsible for protecting and enforcing worker rights, the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration and the Department of Employment and Labour. The article details how neoliberal logics have shaped the operation of these institutions and, in turn, conditioned the state’s pandemic responses with long-term consequences for deepening inequality, access to justice and worker rights.

Musical acoustics video demonstrations for online classes

Forty high-resolution (3480 × 2160) video presentations were created in an attempt to replace in-person demonstrations for teaching elementary musical acoustics. Demonstrations were selected to accompany the author's textbook, Principles of Musical Acoustics (W. M. Hartmann, Springer, NY, 2013). Mean duration of the demonstrations was 4.1 min, though one was as long as 17 min while another lasted only 30 s. Demonstrations were devoted to physical principles of vibrations and waves (13), musical instruments and other sound making devices (20), and signal processing (3). Electronic instrumentation appeared somehow in almost all the demonstrations with (4) devoted specifically to instrumentation itself. Attempts were made to evaluate the effectiveness of the demonstrations through questions on the weekly quizzes. In any case, the demonstrations provided a welcome relief from a straightforward power-point lecture. A second form of relief presented some topics, especially mathematical topics, using pen and paper together with a document camera. Evaluations of the methods will be complete before the June meeting.

Differentiation of the soil cover of the floodplain of the Middle-Amur Lowland in connection with the evolution of the relief forms

The article is based on a long-term study of floodplain soils of the Amur River valley within the north-eastern part of the Middle-Amur Lowland. The results of field work on the soil-geomorphological profile across the Slavyansky Island, located 200 km from Khabarovsk down the Amur River, are discussed. The study analyzes the occurrence of the island's floodplain soils on riolkas[1] and their properties, with an emphasis on morphology and lithological and particle-size composition. The features of soil formation on riolkas of different genesis – alluvial and aeolian – are shown. On sandy and sandy-loam deposits of alluvial riolkas (“meadow-forest” ridges) poorly developed sod gley soils are formed. On heavy loam and clay alluvium of the “meadow“ ridges, annually flooded by river waters, sod-meadow gley soils develop under the woodreed grass stand. Sand deposits of high aeolian riolkas are characterized by a homogeneous fine-grained structure without interlayers, signs of organic matter and with a significant amount of mica. They describe poorly developed sod-forest soils under high-trunk oak forests. The formation of texture-differentiated soils on all types of riolkas was not revealed. When the floodplain reaches the position of the first terrace above the floodplain, the differences in the lithological composition and particle-size distribution, soil texture, height above the water edge and the nature of vegetation on the inherited riolkas provide a multidirectional evolution of soil formation. At the same time, the development is taking place in accordance with the zonal types of soils (sod-forest, brown-earth, texture-differentiated – soil with a bleached horizon (podbel)). The last are mainly formed on clay-loam alluvium, which can overlay not only alluvial, but also some aeolian riolkas. [1]Riolkas are ancient, relatively high sand ridges (extended dunes) with plant cover found in Amur region (Russian Far East).