Reliable Tool Research Articles

Validation of the SCOFF as a Simple Screening Tool for Eating Disorders in an Inpatient Sample Before and During COVID-19.

Eating disorders (EDs) represent a significant public health concern, with a high prevalence among adolescent girls. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a marked increase in EDs, underlining the need for a brief screening tool in clinical settings. The present study compared ICD-10-based ED-diagnoses with SCOFF-identified at-risk female patients in a clinical setting and assessed the tool's reliability. Routine data (n = 955 participants) from a child and adolescent psychiatric hospital were evaluated regarding the incidence of ED-diagnoses before (n = 312) and during the pandemic (n = 643) and compared with SCOFF results. The SCOFF's sensitivity and specificity were examined. ED-diagnoses significantly increased, almost doubling from before to during the pandemic. The number of at-risk patients identified by the SCOFF likewise differed between the two time points. The SCOFF showed high sensitivity at cut-offs of 2 (pre-pandemic) and 3 (peri-pandemic) but low specificity. Internal consistency was poor. The findings align with previous research indicating an elevated rate of admission to clinical care for ED-diagnoses during the pandemic, a trend also reflected in the SCOFF results. However, the SCOFF's low specificity and poor internal consistency raise concerns about its applicability among adolescent psychiatric inpatients.

Node-RADS: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic performance, category-wise malignancy rates, and inter-observer reliability.

To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate diagnostic performance, category-wise malignancy rates, and inter-observer reliability of Node Reporting and Data System 1.0 (Node-RADS). Five electronic databases were systematically searched for primary studies on the use of Node-RADS to report the possibility of cancer involvement of lymph nodes on CT and MRI from January 1, 2021, until April 15, 2024. The study quality was assessed by modified Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) and Quality Appraisal of Diagnostic Reliability (QAREL) tools. The diagnostic accuracy was estimated with bivariate random-effects model, while the pooled category-wise malignancy rates were obtained with random-effects model. Six Node-RADS-CT studies and three Node-RADS-MRI studies covering nine types of cancer were included. The study quality was mainly damaged by inappropriate index test and unknown timing according to QUADAS-2, and unclear blindness during the rating process according to QAREL. The area under hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curve (95% conventional interval) was 0.92 (0.89-0.94) for Node-RADS ≥ 3 as positive and 0.91 (0.88-0.93) for Node-RADS ≥ 4 as positive, respectively. The pooled malignancy rates (95% CIs) of Node-RADS 1 to 5 were 4% (0-10%), 31% (9-58%), 55% (34-75%), 89% (73-99%), and 100% (97-100%), respectively. The inter-observer reliability of five studies was interpreted as fair to substantial. Node-RADS presented a promising diagnostic performance with an increasing probability of malignancy along higher category. However, the evidence for inter-observer reliability of Node-RADS is insufficient, and may hinder its implementation in clinical practice for lymph node assessment. Question Node-RADS is designed for structured reporting of the possibility of cancer involvement of lymph nodes, but the evidence supporting its application has not been summarized. Findings Node-RADS presented diagnostic performance with AUC of 0.92, and malignancy rates for categories 1-5 ranged from 4% to 100%, while the inter-observer reliability was unclear. Clinical relevance Node-RADS is a useful tool for structured reporting of the possibility of cancer involvement of lymph nodes with high diagnostic performance and appropriate malignancy rate for each category, but unclear inter-observer reliability may hinder its implementation in clinical practice.

French translation and transcultural adaptation of the shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI)

BackgroundA French version of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) is currently unavailable for clinical and research use in French-speaking countries. ObjectivesTo translate and transculturally adapt the Shoulder Pain And Disability Index (SPADI) from English to French language. DesignTranslation and transcultural adaptation of a Patient-Reported Outcome Measure. MethodsFollowing international guidelines for translating and adapting PROMs, we carried out a seven-step process involving 15 contributors. The forward translation was performed by five independent native French speakers, while five independent native English speakers conducted the blinded back-translation. A bilingual expert committee synthesized the translations, and three healthcare professionals participated in the pre-test phase. Ten patients were involved in pre-testing to evaluate the pre-final version. ResultsA final French version of the SPADI was achieved after making seven adjustments across the 18 items, instructions, and examples on the Likert scale. Changes were implemented only if at least 20% of the pre-test participants suggested modifications to enhance readability or coherence. Face validity was assessed by the expert committee. ConclusionThe French version of the SPADI is now available, enabling condition-specific self-assessment and quantitative follow-up of shoulder pain and function in both clinical practice and research. Although psychometric properties of this version are yet to be assessed, future studies are expected to confirm the preservation of the original tool's validity and reliability.

Comparative Analysis on the Effect of Bow Shapes on the Ship Resistance using CFD Simulation and Model Test

Shipping companies and ship owners are very concerned with reducing operating costs. One way to achieve this is by improving the hydrodynamic performance of ships, which can reduce fuel consumption by decreasing total resistance. Optimizing ship design, particularly the bow shape, is crucial for enhancing hydrodynamic performance, fuel efficiency, and operational costs. While CFD simulations have become a powerful tool in naval architecture, their accuracy and reliability in predicting hydrodynamic resistance for different bow shapes need validation through experimental data. This study employs computational tools using Fine/Marine NUMECA and model tests carried out in a towing tank. The primary objective is to compare the hydrodynamic resistance of axe bow and conventional bow shapes. Additionally, the contributions of different resistance components (residuary and friction) to each bow shape are identified and quantified. The study concludes that the axe bow shape offers notable improvements in reducing total resistance compared to the conventional bow, providing a reduction of up to 12.5%. Moreover, the residuary resistance component has a more significant effect on total resistance compared to friction resistance.

A study to assess the knowledge and utilization regarding services available in the primary health Centre among women residing in a selected rural community area, Udupi

The study assessed the knowledge and utilization of primary health centre services among 100 women in a rural Udupi community using descriptive research designs and a structured self-administered knowledge questionnaire. The tool's reliability and validity were tested with nursing and medicine experts. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that 84% of women had poor knowledge scores about primary health centre services, with a mean of 17.62. 100% utilized these services and practiced a balanced diet to prevent nutritional disorders. Factors like number of children had no significant association with knowledge scores, indicating partial acceptance of hypothesis H1. The study found that most women lack knowledge about primary health center services, but use them and consume balanced diets to prevent nutritional disorders.

Sleep-related measurements to assess sleep disturbances among people living with dementia in nursing homes: a systematic review.

There is a high prevalence of sleep disturbances among people living with dementia (PLWD) in nursing homes. Reliable and valid measurements are needed to assess these disturbances. The aim of this systematic review was to identify, analyze and synthesize studies of sleep-related measurements to assess sleep disturbances in PLWD. The databases PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were systematically searched in 2019; the search was updated in March 2024. The inclusion criteria were as follows: participants with dementia or probable dementia in any care setting; and studies that reported at least one of the following aspects: (I) theoretical and conceptual frameworks, (II) user or patient involvement by type of users in measurement development, (III) feasibility and practicability of measurements, and (IV) results of psychometric analyses. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) criteria and the quality appraisal tool for studies of diagnostic reliability (QAREL) tool. A total of 5169 studies were identified; ultimately, 15 studies describing three self-administered measurements, three proxy-administered measurements and two technological measurements were included. No sleep-related measurement showed acceptable psychometric properties in any of the COSMIN domains. No measurement without adaptation can be recommended for PLWD in nursing homes. If existing measurements are used in clinical practice, the self-perspective of PLWD should be taken into account. If this is no longer fully possible, proxy-rating perspectives in combination could be an option. Future research on sleep-related measurements should be strictly based on international consensus-based psychometric quality criteria.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Avoidance of Daily Activities Photo Scale for Turkish patients with shoulder pain: Reliability and validity assessment according to the COSMIN guideline

ContextPeople with chronic or long-term pain may develop various psychosocial symptoms such as fear and avoidance of behavior due to pain. Reliable and valid quality of life tools must be available in Turkish to specifically assess avoidance of behavior in people with shoulder pain. ObjectivesThis study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the Avoidance of Daily Activities Photo Scale for Patients with Shoulder Pain and to evaluate the psychometric properties of its Turkish version (ADAP-Tr) in patients with shoulder pain. MethodsTranslation, adaptation, and validation were performed according to the COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments) guidelines. The internal consistency, reliability, construct validity, and discriminant validity of the ADAP-Tr were tested. The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) were applied for validation purposes. ResultsThe study included a total of 162 participants with shoulder pain. The internal consistency of the ADAP-Tr showed excellent reliability with a Cronbach's α of 0.94 and a test-retest assessment of 0.88 ICC (95% CI, 0.83-0.91). The standard error of measurement was 1.85 points, and the minimal detectable change was determined 5.12 points. There was a low to high correlation among the ADAP-Tr and PCS (r = 0.481, p < .001), TSK (r = 0.448, p < .001), and SPADI (r = 0.826, p < .001) scores. ConclusionsThe ADAP-Tr was shown to be a valid and strong reliability tool to use in clinical and research settings as a shoulder-specific measurement tool.

The impact of various speech styles on high school students' moods

The goal of this study is to, in theory, introduce the daily speech patterns of people in society in an unbiased manner, reflect these various patterns on the minds of other people, and then assess the results of the study. Theoretical aspects: To describe many styles of communication, such as the aesthetic style of speech (enthusiastic style), gentle speech style (normal), aggressive speech style and threatening speech style to present the notions of (style, speech, psychology). The following speech types are allotted: debate speech, polite speech, impolite speech, taboo speech, indirect communication, formal speech, and informal speech. Practical aspect: In this portion, the findings are examined once the research tool has been prepared, the research sample, the research community, and the tool's reliability and stability have been established. Ranya's six high schools were chosen at random. A total of (600) survey sheets were given out to high school students in both grades (10 and 11). One sample and two independent samples t test are used for the analysis.

Taking a Closer Look: "Evaluating Online Video Content for Rehabilitation after Distal Radius Fracture".

Background: Fractures of the distal radius are among the most common bone injuries, and their frequency is constantly increasing, leading to an elevated need for subsequent rehabilitation. This growing need has led to the emergence of online content aimed at providing guidance on rehabilitation. Nonetheless, unreviewed online content raises concerns about its reliability; therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the quality, reliability, and comprehensiveness of online videos concerning rehabilitation following a distal radius fracture. Methods: A total of 240 YouTube videos were screened, identifying 33 videos that met the inclusion criteria. These selected videos were evaluated by five independent experts from various professional groups, using the Global Quality Scale, the DISCERN reliability tool, and the JAMA Benchmark Score, as well as a structured set of questions to assess their comprehensiveness and coverage of pertinent aspects. Results: The observers' assessment of the Global Quality Scale exhibited a broad spectrum of viewpoints, indicating considerable variability in evaluations. In most cases, therapy aligned well with the diagnosed condition, and most raters deemed the indication and instruction in the videos acceptable. A proportion of 87% of the videos was deemed suitable for home training by at least three raters. However, a concerning trend emerged, as potential risks and pitfalls were scarcely addressed. Conclusions: The moderate overall quality of the videos and the divergence in expert opinions highlight the need for a regulatory authority to ensure adherence to guidelines and maintain high-quality content. Additionally, our results raise concerns about the applicability of established assessment tools in this context.

Software analysis and its importance in the food industry: a review

Software is being increasingly explored and is of utmost importance in the food industry. It has emerged to make processes more flexible and improve industrial bottlenecks after the rise of Industry 4.0. The food industry is no exception; software to predict food quality, cold chains, and food safety, among others, is being used more and more every day. This review, in its scarcity, aims to portray the urgency and necessity of implementing software in processes and its significant improvement in the food industry. It was observed that software is a computational tool of high reliability, flexibility, and importance, evaluating various points within the food industry, such as production scheduling, inventory management, inputs, raw materials, time and stops, and even people, machinery, food safety, and quality. Therefore, software is not just essential, but a critical component for the evolution of Industry 4.0.

Impacts of the terrorist attacks and political incidents in major cities on tourism industry: Evidence from the tourism managers in Turkey

Tourism crises caused by terrorism are characterised by a sharp decline in inbound tourism and a severe deterioration of destination image. Between 2015 and 2017, Turkey suffered terrorist attacks and political incidents in major cities such as Istanbul, Ankara, Gaziantep, and Şanlıurfa. This paper explores crisis-related factors and their influence on destination image and tourism demand with a series of three studies adopting both primary data collected from tourism managers and secondary data analysis of tourism statistics. Study A explored the adapted measurement tool's reliability and validity to define the factors related to crisis impacts. Study B involved CFA to validate the dimensions of measurement tools and regression analyses to examine their influence on destination image and tourism demand. Study C included a comparison of the tourist arrival and expenditure statistics from 2014 to 2019 with a secondary data analysis. Study A showed that the long-term effects of crises caused by terrorism must be evaluated in structural and political dimensions. Study B indicated that both factors affected destination image negatively, while only structural problems influenced international and domestic tourism demand. Study C supported the effect of both factors on tourist arrivals and tourism income, involving the analysis of tourism statistics.

A System for Reproducible 3D Ultrasound Measurements of Skeletal Muscles.

In 3D freehand ultrasound imaging, operator dependent variations in applied forces and movements can lead to errors in the reconstructed images. In this paper, we introduce an automated 3D ultrasound system, which enables acquisitions with controlled movement trajectories by using motors, which electrically move the probe. Due to integrated encoders there is no need of position sensors. An included force control mechanism ensures a constant contact force to the skin. We conducted 8 trials with the automated 3D ultrasound system on 2 different phantoms with 3 force settings and 10 trials on a human tibialis anterior muscle with 2 force settings. For comparison, we also conducted 8 freehand 3D ultrasound scans from 2 operators (4 force settings) on one phantom and 10 with one operator on the tibialis anterior muscle. Both freehand and automated trials showed small errors in volume and length computations of the reconstructions, however the freehand trials showed larger standard deviations. We also computed the thickness of the phantom and the tibialis anterior muscle. We found significant differences in force settings for the operators and higher coefficients of variation for the freehand trials. Overall, the automated 3D ultrasound system shows a high accuracy in reconstruction. Due to the smaller coefficients of variation, the automated 3D ultrasound system enables more reproducible ultrasound examinations than the freehand scanning. Therefore, the automated 3D ultrasound system is a reliable tool for 3D investigations of skeletal muscle.

Improved process capability assessment through semiparametric piecewise modeling

Piecewise models have gained popularity as a useful tool in reliability and quality control/monitoring, particularly when the process data deviates from a normal distribution. In this study, we develop maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) for the process capability indices, denoted as C pk , C pm , C pm ∗ and C pmk , using a semiparametric model. To remove the bias in the MLEs with small sample sizes, we propose a bias-correction approach to obtain improved estimates. Furthermore, we extend the proposed method to situations where the change-points in the density function are unknown. To estimate the model parameters efficiently, we employ the profiled maximum likelihood approach. Our simulation study reveals that the suggested method yields accurate estimates with low bias and mean squared error. Finally, we provide real-world data applications to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed procedure over existing ones.

Development of the Reasoning Ways Scale: Validity and Reliability Study

The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to determine the reasoning ways of university students. The study was carried out in two separate stages consisting of the pilot and main application in the 2020-2021 academic year. In the main application, the analysis was made on the data obtained from 378 university students. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed for the construct validity of the scale; Average Explained Variance [Average Variance Extracted (AVE)], square root of AVE, Composite Reliability [CR], Maximum Shared Variance [Maximum Squared Variance (MSV)], Average Squared Shared Variance [(Average Shared Square Variance (ASV)] and inter-construct correlations were calculated for convergent and divergent validities. The Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency and CR coefficients were calculated to examine the reliability. The Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis results showed that the scale had a seven-factor structure (deductive, inductive, analogical, heuristic, algebraic, historical, and verbal) and consisted of 21 items. Convergent and divergent validity of the scale was proved by examining AVE, square root of AVE, CR, MSV, ASV values, and inter-construct correlation coefficients. Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability coefficients which were calculated for the whole scale and each sub-dimension indicated that the scale was reliable. The results reveal that the Reasoning Ways Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool.

Validity of severity of dependence scale-Indonesia in patients with drug and alcohol dependence

A quick and self-administrative screening tool to detect dependence on various substances is vital in the early detection of multiple substance dependence. This study aimed to validate the severity of the dependence scale Indonesian version (SDS-Ina) in a sample of clinically diagnosed substance-related disorder subjects. The study was an observational study and rapid assessment of suspected patients with drug and alcohol dependence in an outpatient psychiatric unit in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The translated severity of dependence scale-Indonesia (SDS-Ina) questionnaire was given out to 65 subjects through an online form. The content validity of the translated SDS was assessed with Aiken’s V, and concurrent validity was analyzed in comparison to the Diagnostic of Statistical and Manual Mental Disorder IV (DSM-IV) diagnosis criteria with Pearson correlation coefficient and factor validity through principal component analysis (PCA). Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s Alpha and test-retest reliability. Aiken’s V index concluded that our content validity was valid (all&amp;gt;0.75). A Pearson correlation coefficient of=0.93 (P&amp;lt;0.001), PCA of all items ≥0.60 further validates the SDS-Ina. Internal reliability of Cronbach’s Alpha 0.907 and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC): all≥0.75). In conclusion, the translated SDS is a valid and reliable tool to measure the psychological dependence of Indonesian subjects involved in this study.

Development and Validation of Instruments for Assessing the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Students in Higher Education

&lt;p style="text-align:justify"&gt;The role of artificial intelligence (AI) in education remains incompletely understood, demanding further evaluation and the creation of robust assessment tools. Despite previous attempts to measure AI's impact in education, existing studies have limitations. This research aimed to develop and validate an assessment instrument for gauging AI effects in higher education. Employing various analytical methods, including Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and Rasch Analysis, the initial 70-item instrument covered seven constructs. Administered to 635 students at Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology – Gabaldon campus, content validity was assessed using the Lawshe method. After eliminating 19 items through EFA and CFA, Rasch analysis confirmed the construct validity and led to the removal of three more items. The final 48-item instrument, categorized into learning experiences, academic performance, career guidance, motivation, self-reliance, social interactions, and AI dependency, emerged as a valid and reliable tool for assessing AI's impact on higher education, especially among college students.&lt;/p&gt;

The single and double inverse Pareto–Burr XII distribution: Properties, estimation methods, and real-life data applications

Researchers consistently improve statistical tools to provide a flexible method to fit or predict. The solution needs to be more suitable since the approach is sometimes complex and complicated. Generally, statistical tools are generated from ordinary least squares and wavelet methods. However, the reliability tool provides a good fit comparable to state-of-the-art methods, including the complex posterior setting of hyperparameters. In this article, a flexible extension of the Burr XII model, which is the odd inverse Pareto–Burr XII (OIPBXII) distribution, is studied and investigated using statistical tools such as Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. The mathematical properties of the probability density distribution of OIPBXII are derived, and it shows a behavior shape, decreasing, increasing, J-shaped, reversed-J-shaped, bathtub, upside-down bathtub, decreasing–increasing–decreasing hazard rates, and right-skewed, symmetrical, and concave down densities. The OIPBXII parameters are investigated by using seven classical approaches to estimation. Extensive simulation results are presented to explore the performance of these methods for small and large samples. An application to two real-life sets of data from engineering and medicine is analyzed, showing the flexibility of the OIPBXII distribution as compared to existing Burr XII distributions.

A Comprehensive Review of Modern Methods for Load Prediction in the Smart Grid

: Load forecasting plays a crucial role in mitigating risks for utilities by predicting future usage of commodity markets transmission or supplied by the utility. To achieve this, various techniques such as price elastic demand, climate and consumer response, load analysis, and sustainable energy generation predictive modelling are used. As both supply and demand fluctuate, and weather and power prices can rise significantly during peak periods, accurate load forecasting becomes critical for utilities. By providing brief demand forecasts, load forecasting can assist in estimating load flows and making decisions that prevent overloading. Therefore, load forecasting is crucial in helping electric utilities make informed decisions related to power, load switching, voltage regulation, switching, and infrastructure development. Forecasting is a methodology used by electricity companies to forecast the amount of electricity or power production needed to maintain constant supply as well as load demand balance. It is required for the electrical industry to function properly. The smart grid is a new system that enables electricity providers and customers to communicate in real-time. The precise energy consumption sequence of the consumers is required to enhance the demand schedule. This is where predicting the future comes into play. Forecasting future power system load (electricity consumption) is a critical task in providing intelligence to the power grid. Accurate forecasting allows utility companies to allocate resources and assume system control in order to balance the same demand and availability for electricity. In this article, a study on load forecasting algorithms based on deep learning, machine learning, hybrid methods, bio-inspired techniques, and other techniques is carried out. Many other algorithms based on load forecasting are discussed in this study. Different methods of load forecasting were compared using three performance indices: RMSE (Root Mean Square Error), MAE (Mean Absolute Error), MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error), and Accuracy. Machine learning-based techniques showed a reduction of 9.17% in MAPE, 0.0429% in RMSE, and 5.23% in MSE, and achieved 90% accuracy. Deep learning-based techniques resulted in a 9.61% decrease in MAPE and achieved 91% accuracy. Bioinspired techniques provided a reduction of 9.66% in MAPE, 0.026% in RMSE, and 5.24% in MSE, and achieved 95% accuracy. These findings concluded that optimization techniques are more encouraging in predicting load demand and, as a result, can represent a reliable decision-making tool.

Translation and Adaptation of the Reinjury Anxiety Inventory, the Sport Injury Rehabilitation Adherence Scale, and the Athletic Injury Self-Efficacy Questionnaire Into Turkish.

Psychological difficulties can adversely affect rehabilitation outcomes and make return to sport more difficult. Identifying psychological difficulties is possible with valid and reliable measurement tools. The purpose of this study is to translate and culturally adapt the Reinjury Anxiety Inventory (RIAI), the Sport Injury Rehabilitation Adherence Scale (SIRAS), and the Athletic Injury Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (AISEQ) into Turkish and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Turkish versions. Cross-sectional study. The instruments were forward- and back-translated, culturally adapted, and validated on 248 athletes and 34 physical therapists. The physical therapists of the athletes completed the SIRAS to evaluate the athletes. Statistical analysis included reliability tests (Cronbach alpha and test-retest), exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and correlational analysis. Floor and ceiling effects (<15%) were also assessed. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed a satisfactory model fit for the RIAI and the AISEQ, and exploratory factor analysis revealed the 1-factor structure for the SIRAS as in the original. All 3 instruments displayed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach alpha coefficients ranged from .84 to .88) and test-retest reliability (coefficients ranged from .81 to .93). Convergent validity of the instruments was supported by significant correlations between the AISEQ and both the RIAI and the SIRAS. Our results suggest that the Turkish versions of the instruments were valid, consistent, and reliable in athletes who have serious injuries. Scores on these instruments could be useful for evaluating the contributions of psychological factors to return to sport following serious injuries. Clinicians are encouraged to use RIAI-Turkish (RIAI-TR), SIRAS-Turkish (SIRAS-TR), and AISEQ-Turkish (AISEQ-TR) together to make decisions about the treatment and rehabilitation plans of injured athletes.

Evaluation of a Novel Battery-Operated Tumbler Device for Use in the Detection of Mouse Pathogens for Rodent Health Monitoring.

The search for alternatives to live animal sentinels in rodent health monitoring programs is fundamental to the 3Rs (Reduction, Replacement, and Refinement) of animal research. We evaluated the efficacy of a novel battery-operated tumbler device that rotates soiled bedding in direct contact with sample media against the use of exhaust sample media and soiled bedding sentinel (SBS) mice. Four rodent racks were used, each with 3 test cages: a cage with a tumbler device that rotated for 10min twice a week (TUM10), a cage with a tumbler device that rotated for 60min twice a week (TUM60), and a cage housing 2 female Crl:CD1(ICR) mice. Every 2 wk, each test cage received soiled bedding collected from all cages on each respective rack. In addition to soiled bedding, the tumbler device contained various sample collection media: a contact Reemay filter (3mo-cRF) that remained in the tumbler for the duration of the study, a contact Reemay filter (1mo-cRF) that was replaced monthly, adhesive swabs (AS) that were added at every biweekly cage change, and an exhaust Reemay filter located at the exhaust outlet of the cage. All analyses were performed by direct PCR for both sample media in the animal-free methods, and fecal pellet, body swab, and oral swabs were collected from sentinel mice. Out of 16 total pathogens detected, assessment of 1mo-Crf from both TUM10 and TUM60 cages detected 84% and 79% of pathogens, respectively, while SBS samples detected only 47% of pathogens. AS in TUM60 and TUM10 cages detected the fewest pathogens (24% and 13%, respectively). These results indicate that the novel tumbler device is an effective and reliable tool for rodent health monitoring programs and a suitable replacement for live animal sentinels. In this study, 1mo-cRF in TUM10 cages detected the highest number of pathogens.