Reliability Test Research Articles

Hubungan Kebiasaan Konsumsi Makanan Kariogenik dengan Kejadian Karies Gigi pada Anak Sekolah Dasar Kelas V di SDN 1 Bukit Tunggal Palangka Raya

Background: Tooth decay can affect the health of other parts of the body, thereby hampering daily activities. One of the factors that can damage teeth is the habit of consuming food and drinks, some of which are healthy, some of which damage teeth, causing dental caries. The current phenomenon is that children entering school age are generally at high risk of experiencing dental caries, because at that age they are used to consuming various types of food and drinks that cause dental caries (such as candy, chocolate, pastries, etc.). Purpose: this research is to determine the correlation between cariogenic food consumption habits and dental caries in grade V elementary school children at SDN 1 Bukit Tunggal Palangka Raya. Methods: The sampling technique used total sampling to obtain 62 respondents, data collection used a questionnaire on habits of consuming cariogenic foods and a dental caries examination observation sheet which had gone through validity and reliability tests, for data analysis using the chi-square statistical test. Results: Based on the analysis, the results of statistical tests using the chi-square method show a sig (2-tailed) number with a p- value of 0.00 with a degree of significance of p < 0.05, so the decision is that H1 is accepted, meaning there is a Habit Correlation Consumption of Cariogenic Foods with Dental Caries. Conclusion: There is a correlation between cariogenic food consumption habits and dental caries. It is recommended that parents pay more attention to maintaining their children's dental health and know the types of food or snacks that can cause caries. Furthermore, it is recommended that schools carry out promotive and preventive efforts regarding dental and oral health carried out by teachers, especially UKS and UKGS supervisors.

Quality of Education Services and Community Satisfaction with SDIT Using The Servqual Model

This research develops a model through measuring the quality of educational services towards the competitive excellence of SDIT (Integrated Islamic Primary Schools). This research aims to test the gap scores for each dimension of each SDIT, thus it can determine the right marketing strategy to satisfy and increase the interest of new students’ parents who believe that their children will receive an education at an excellent Islamic Elementary School. The research was using a quantitative approach through respondent description, item validity and reliability, and ServQual model statistical tests. The population in the research was all people who believe in Integrated Islamic Primary School education in Klaten Regency. This research used a purposive sampling technique of 100 respondents. The attributes in the questionnaire were adapted from the ServQual concept which is suitable in the realm of educational research including tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy. Quantitative tests include validity tests, item reliability and ServQual confirmation tests. The test results of validity and reliability were valid and reliable. The confirmation test score has a positive average value of 60.27 with the lowest positive value in the reliabilities dimension of 28.45, followed by tangibles 34.28, responsiveness 72.58 assurance 88.44 and empathy has the highest value of 127.60. Improvement efforts must continue to be made by the SDIT management with an emphasis on improving the value that still has the lowest positive dimension followed by the next positive value. Increasing the quality of SDIT's educational services by implementing the Total Quality Management concept optimally will lead to increased community satisfaction and strengthened SDIT's competitive performance in the future.

The Effect of Training Program Based on Instructional Practices According to the (NCTM) Standards on Improving the Pedagogical Knowledge among Mathematics Teachers in Jordan

The current study aims at revealing the effect of a training program based on teaching practices according to NCTM standards in improving the pedagogical knowledge of mathematics teachers. The study followed the semi- experimental method. To achieve the aims of the research, a training program that is based on the standards of NCTM was designed. The program consists of eight packages which are (Establish mathematics goals to focus learning, implement tasks that promote reasoning and problem solving, Use and connect mathematical representations, facilitate meaningful mathematical discourse, pose purposeful questions, build procedural FLuency from conceptual understanding, support productive struggle in learning mathematics, Elicit and use evidence of student thinking). After confirming the validity of the tool, a sample of (20) male and female teachers from Deir Ala Directorate of Education in the academic year 2020-2021.To reveal the effectiveness of the program, a test in pedagogical knowledge was prepared. The test consists of six respects which are identification of mathematics content, the pedagogical knowledge of the mathematical content and knowing students' thinking. The test validity and reliability were checked. The results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences between measuring averages in the post application of the test. These results were pro- sample in all dimensions and in the total degree. Depending on these results, the study asserted the necessity for the training department in the Jordanian Ministry of Education to benefit from the suggested and used program in the study to focus more on the teaching practices.

The Advantages of the OWA (Ordered Weighted Averaging) Method in Decision Making and Reliability Testing of Spatial Multi-Criteria Site Selection (SMCSS) Model

The Advantages of the OWA (Ordered Weighted Averaging) Method in Decision Making and Reliability Testing of Spatial Multi-Criteria Site Selection (SMCSS) Model

Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Communication Acceptance Scale Questionnaire

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop the Korean version of the Communication and Acceptance Scale (KCAS) and to examine its validity and reliability.Methods: The 18 items of the Communication and Acceptance Scale questionnaire were translated into Korean following the steps of forward translation, expert panel review, back-translation, pre-testing, cognitive interviewing, and final version refinement. For the test-retest evaluation of the KCAS, 39 adults with hearing loss participated. Concurrent validity was also assessed by evaluating the Korean Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (KHHIE).Results: The KCAS was constructed with a total of 16 question items after excluding 2 items (2 and 18) that failed reliability tests. Cronbach’s α for all 16 items was 0.89, and the Wilcoxon-Signed rank test indicated test-retest reliability. A significant negative correlation (rho = -0.77) was observed between KCAS and KHHIE.Conclusion: The KCAS questionnaire has been demonstrated to be a reliable and valid tool. It is also useful for assessing communication difficulties and the utilization of communication strategies among the hearing impaired.

Consumers’ Trust in Sharing Economy Peer-To-Peer Platforms: A Case Study of Online Food Delivery in Hanoi, Vietnam

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to the influence of trust on consumers’ transactional intention within a P2P sharing platform focusing on consumers who used OFD in Hanoi, Vietnam. Design/methodology/approach: A structured questionnaire is developed in a Google Form and distributed mainly through web-based and telephone-based platforms. In total, 240 valid responses were collected from Hanoi. To ensure the study's reliability and representativeness while minimizing bias, a convenience sampling method is employed, considering the demographic distribution of consumers across different age groups, genders, occupations, income levels, and various online food delivery platforms, income, frequency of consumption, and average expense. Analytical techniques included descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s Alpha reliability testing, and multiple regression analysis. Results and discussions: Findings revealed that four of the seven factors examined exerted a significant positive impact on Consumers’ Intention to Transact: "Consumer’s Trust in supplying Peer’s Integrity”, "Consumer's Trust in Products Ability”, "Consumer’s Trust in supplying Peer’s Benevolence”, and "Consumer’s Trust in Platform’s Integrity”. Conversely, while “Consumer’s Trust in supplying Peer’s Ability”, “Consumer’s Trust in Platforms Ability”, and “Consumer’s Trust in Platform’s Benevolence” do influence ‘Customers’ Intention to Transact’, their effect lacks statistical significance. Research Implications: This research sheds light on Vietnam's Sharing Economy, showcasing its transformative impact and governmental support. It focuses on the developing OFD sector, highlighting its rapid growth and significance. By adopting a trust-based research model, the study offers insights into consumer behavior within OFD platforms, contributing to the understanding of trust dynamics. Originality/Value: The research provides a theoretical foundation for understanding trust's role in shaping consumer behavior and transactional intentions, laying the groundwork for empirical research and practical applications. Practically, the study offers actionable insights for policymakers and industry players. It emphasizes the importance of integrity, reliability, and effective communication in building consumer trust.

Exploratory Factor Analysis for Items Measuring of The Tax Auditors’ Performance

Tax auditors play an essential role in tax audits to ensure governments can overcome non-tax compliance issues and protect tax revenues for the nation. Tax auditors are expected to perform their tasks efficiently and effectively in examining the taxpayer’s declaration. The tax auditors' performance determines the success of tax audit implementation. Several factors can influence the tax auditors’ performance, including auditors’ effort, professional skepticism and task complexity. Therefore, this study aims to develop a valid and reliable research instrument to measure tax auditors’ performance using the Exploratory Factor Analysis and internal reliability test (Cronbach’s Alpha). A total of 100 tax auditors from the Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia and the Royal Malaysian Customs Department were selected as respondents to participate in this study. The data was collected using the online Google Forms with 5 Likert scales and was analysed using IBM-SPSS Version 27. The results show that out of 34 developed items, only 30 remained as constructed items. The remaining items were deleted due to the low loading factor of less than 0.40. Thus, this study validated the research instrument to proceed with the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in the following step using the validated research instrument.

Uncertainty Avoidance Moderates the Relationship between Time Management Monitoring and Learning Engagement in Blended Learning Contexts among University Students in Beijing

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between time management monitoring and learning engagement in a blended learning environment among university students, as well as the moderating effect of uncertainty avoidance on this relationship. The subjects were 548 undergraduates from 6 universities in Beijing, with 467 valid responses received. The data was collected using the Time Management Monitoring Scale, Learning Engagement Scale, and Uncertainty Avoidance Scale, with confirmatory factor analysis and reliability tests confirming their validity and reliability. This was a field study examining blended learning courses combining online and offline instruction at universities in Beijing. Structural equation modeling revealed that time management monitoring positively influenced learning engagement. Uncertainty avoidance also had a positive effect on learning engagement and moderated the relationship between time management monitoring and learning engagement. Students with higher uncertainty avoidance exhibited a more significant positive association between their time management abilities and engagement in blended learning contexts.

Green Products: Green trust on Green Equity

The aim of this research is to prove the determining factors that can strengthen the value of Sensatia Botanicals brand green products. he criteria used were respondents who had used beauty products who were at least 20 years old and lived in the city of Denpasar and a sample of 100 respondents who were measured based on the number of indicators used. Distribution of questionnaires and interviews will be used as data collection methods. The questionnaire is measured using a Likert scale which will be tested using the validity test and reliability test of the instrument so that the questionnaire is suitable for use. The analysis technique that will be used in this research is a simple linear regression analysis technique. The results of this research prove that green trust has a positive and significant influence on green brand equity. In the future, this research can be used as a reference for companies in implementing policies related to strategies to increase the brand value of green products in a positive direction.

Development and psychometric evaluation of "Caring Ability of Mother with Preterm Infant Scale" (CAMPIS): a sequential exploratory mixed-method study.

Caring ability is one of the most important indicators regarding care outcomes. A valid and reliable scale for the evaluation of caring ability in mothers with preterm infants is lacking. The present study was conducted with the aim of designing and psychometric evaluation of the tool for assessing caring ability in mothers with preterm infants. A mixed-method exploratory design was conducted from 2021 to 2023. First the concept of caring ability of mothers with preterm infants was clarified using literature review and comparative content analysis, and a pool of items was created. Then, in the quantitative study, the psychometric properties of the scale were evaluated using validity and reliability tests. A maximum likelihood extraction with promax rotation was performed on 401 mothers with the mean age of 31.67 ± 6.14years to assess the construct validity. Initial caring ability of mother with preterm infant scale (CAMPIS) was developed with 64 items by findings of the literature review, comparative content analysis, and other related questionnaire items, on a 5-point Likert scale to be psychometrically evaluated. Face, content, and construct validity, as well as reliability, were measured to evaluate the psychometric properties of CAMPIS. So, the initial survey yielded 201 valid responses. The three components: 'cognitive ability'; knowledge and skills abilities'; and 'psychological ability'; explained 47.44% of the total observed variance for CAMPIS with 21 items. A subsequent survey garnered 200 valid responses. The confirmatory factor analysis results indicated: χ2/df = 1.972, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.933, and incremental fit index (IFI) = 0.933. These results demonstrate good structural, convergent, discriminant validity and reliability. OMEGA, average inter-item correlation (AIC), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for the entire scale were at 0.900, 0.27 and 0.91 respectively. Based on the results of the psychometric evaluation of CAMPIS, it was found that the concept of caring ability in the Iranian mothers with preterm infants is a multi-dimensional concept, which mainly focuses on cognitive ability, technical ability, and psychological ability. The designed scale has acceptable validity and reliability characteristics that can be used in future studies to assess this concept in the mothers of preterm infants.

Moderated Mediation Model of Student Expectation and Satisfaction in Blended Learning: Context of Mathematics Learning in Chinese Higher education institutions

With the continuous development of educational informatization, blended learning, which combines the advantages of online and offline teaching, has become a research hotspot in the field of education. This study aims to discuss the influencing factors of blended learning satisfaction. Using purposive sampling method, 529 undergraduate students majoring in mathematics from 16 higher education institutions in Guangxi were surveyed. Furthermore, validity and reliability tests, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling were employed to process the data. Empirical results indicate that in blended learning, student expectation and perceived value have significant positive effects on learning satisfaction. Student expectation also have a significant positive effect on perceived value. Moreover, perceived value plays a mediating role in the relationship between student expectation and learning satisfaction. Self-efficacy moderates the relationship between student expectation and learning satisfaction. This study contributes to enhancing the quality of blended courses and improving the satisfaction of university students with blended learning.

ANALISIS MUTASI, KOMPENSASI DAN PENGEMBANGAN KARIR TERHADAP TURNOVER INTENTION PEGAWAI DENGAN KEPUASAN KERJA SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING PADA DIREKTORAT JENDERAL BEA DAN CUKAI

The Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DJBC) is a part of the Ministry of Finance of The Republic of Indonesia which has substantial human resources. Based on data as of 1 December 2022, the number of DGCE employees reached 16,149 people and were spread across 20 regional offices and 3 main service offices throughout the territory of the Republic of Indonesia. Based on employee profiling data conducted in March 2023, 72% of these employees are employees who have home bases in Java. By considering various aspects DGCE carries out job rotation process and career development for these employees. This study aims to analyze the effect of job rotation, compensastion and career development on turnover intention with job satisfaction as an intervening variable at the Directorate General of Customs and Excise. This research is based on several previous studies which show that job satisfaction can influence the relationship between job rotation, career development, and turnover intention. The research method used is quantitative research using a survey (questionnaire) as a data collection instrument. Respondents in this study were employees at the Directorate General of Customs and Excise who were spread throughout the territory of the Republic of Indonesia with positions from general inspector to supervisor and functionally equivalent. The research sample was taken using the slovin formula with a total of 3.813 respondents. The collected data will be analyzed using the validity test, reliability test, and sobel test. The results of this study are expected to provide an overview of the effect of job rotation and career development on turnover intention with job satisfaction as an intervening variable at the Directorate General of Customs and Excise.

The Influence Of Work Discipline, Work Motivation, And Work Environment On Employee Performance At Indera Community Health Center, Central Java Province

<p class="Default"><em><span lang="EN-US">This research aims to determine the influence of Work Discipline, Work Motivation and Work Environment on Employee Performance at the Community Sensory Health Center Office, Central Java Province. The sampling technique used a saturated sampling of 35 people. In this research, data was collected through questionnaires and data analysis tools using SPSS 27, including validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing using the t-test, f-test and R2 test. The results of this research show that Work Discipline and Work Motivation have a significant effect on employee performance. In contrast, the Work Environment has no effect. It is not significant on employee performance, with coefficient of determination (Adjusted R Square) of 0.307 means that 30.7 percent of employee performance is influenced by the variables Work Discipline, Work Motivation and Work Environment. Meanwhile, the remaining 69.3 percent of employee performance was influenced by other variables not examined in this research</span></em></p>

Customer Satisfactions Based on Service Quality for VVIV Inpatient Patient of PMI Bogor Hospital

The success of health development plays an important role in improving the quality of human resources in Indonesia. The goal of health development itself can be achieved through various forms of implementing health efforts in a comprehensive, tiered and integrated manner. This research aims to analyze service quality on customer satisfaction simultaneously and partially for VVIP patients at PMI Bogor Hospital. The sample size was 100 respondentsnon-probability sampling technique. The questionnaire was tested using validity tests, reliability tests and also classical assumption tests. The test is valid, reliable, has classic assumptions and can be used for multiple linear regression data. The analytical method used in this research is a descriptive and verification method with a quantitative approach. The results of the research show that there is a positive and significant simultaneous and partial influence of service quality on consumer satisfaction.

The Impact of Business Process Reengineering on the Quality of Banking Service: An Analytical Study in Public Commercial Banks in Iraq

The current research aims to test the impact of business process reengineering on the quality of banking services in public commercial banks owned by the state in Iraq. It also aims to identify the level of interest of AL- Rafidain Bank, Rashid Bank, and Trade Bank of Iraq in the research variables, in an attempt to provide a set of recommendations to contribute to improving managerial practices. The research adopted a descriptive-analytical approach in completing its chapters and sections. The study was conducted in public commercial banks in Iraq, which constituted the research population. The purposive stratified sample consisted of 170 respondents from the leadership positions of the three banks (branch managers, department managers, assistant general managers, and general managers). They were given the research instrument "questionnaire," of which 150 were valid. The questionnaire was supplemented with interviews and additional data. The researchers analyze the preliminary data, relying on descriptive and analytical statistical methods. The statistical tests included normality tests, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, validity and reliability tests, mean, coefficient of variation, standard deviation, simple linear regression, and multiple regression to test the hypotheses representing the main research questions. The research findings showed a statistically significant impact of business process reengineering on the quality of banking services. Paper type: Research paper.

Comparison of self-efficacy among graduate teaching assistants before and after training

BackgroundTeaching assistants (TAs) play a crucial role in pedagogical practices, and the TA training has emerged as a vital strategy for enhancing teaching quality and fostering effective interactions. The self-efficacy of TAs can substantially impact their performance. Nevertheless, little research has focused on the change in TAs’ self-efficacy following their training.MethodsA self-control quasi-experiment was conducted to examine shifts in the self-efficacy of Tas at Peking University before and after their TA training. A questionnaire was used to assess the change, and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire was also calculated. A paired data rank sum test was used to analysis the changes in TA self-efficacy before and after training.ResultsA total of 372 TAs from School of Basic Medicine (N = 173), School of Pharmacy (N = 112), School of Public Health (N = 69), and other schools (N = 18) submitted complete questionnaires. The questionnaire showed a good performance in internal reliability and validity test (Cronbach’s alpha index = 0.906, and KMO value was 0.903). Participants had a median total self-efficacy score of 88 and 85 before and after the TA training, respectively, which shows a lack in the total TA self-efficacy score following the TA training (P < 0.001). TAs who have no desire to becoming a college instructor have a higher self-efficacy when compared to TAs who have expressed neutral attitudes in becoming college instructors.ConclusionThe participated TAs display a lack of self-efficacy after attending the TA training at Peking University. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and strengthen TA’s self-efficacy beyond academic skills when designing and delivering TA training programs at Peking University.

The Impact of Cement Industry Activity on The Environmental Quality of Settlements in Tipar Kidul Village, Ajibarang, Banyumas

The quality of settlement environments surrounding industries is crucial as it reflects the living conditions affected by industrial activities. A study conducted in Tipar Kidul Village aimed to determine the impact of cement industry activities on the settlement environment. The method of this research uses survey within a multistage random sampling survey. The data collection uses interview. The data analysis is simple linear regression with the accuracy testing including validity, reliability, normality, and linearity tests. The research showed that a majority (62%) of the settlement environments conducted in medium-quality conditions. The researched showed industries play a significant role in taking negative impacts on settlements. Industries tend to make settlements uncomfortable to live in due to various activities. Moreover, a significant correlation was observed, indicating a significant influence with a very strong strength that 76.1% between the quality of settlement environments in Tipar Kidul Village and the activities of the cement industry. The cement industry activities impacted to settlement by affecting air pollution, noise from trucks, and machines. Corporate social responsibility program in Tipar Kidul Village included two program, funding program that gave 50.000 rupiah/person and in 2017 cement industry company helped Tipar Kidul Village to reconstruct along Tipar Kidul Village.

Development of a trigger tool to identify harmful incidents, no harm incidents, and near misses in prehospital emergency care

BackgroundEmergency Medical Services (EMS) are a unique setting because care for the chief complaint is given across all ages in a complex and high-risk environment that may pose a threat to patient safety. Traditionally, a reporting system is commonly used to raise awareness of adverse events (AEs); however, it could fail to detect an AE. Several methods are needed to evaluate patient safety in EMS. In this light, this study was conducted to (1) develop a national ambulance trigger tool (ATT) with a guide containing descriptions of triggers, examples of use, and categorization of near misses (NMs), no harm incidents (NHIs), and harmful incidents (HIs) and (2) use the ATT on randomly selected ambulance records.MethodsThe ambulance trigger tool was developed in a stepwise manner through (1) a literature review; (2) three sessions of structured group discussions with an expert panel having knowledge of emergency medical service, patient safety, and development of trigger tools; (3) a retrospective record review of 900 randomly selected journals with three review teams from different geographical locations; and (4) inter-rater reliability testing between reviewers.ResultsFrom the literature review, 34 triggers were derived. After removing clinically irrelevant ones and combining others through three sessions of structured discussions, 19 remained. The most common triggers identified in the 900 randomly selected records were deviation from treatment guidelines (30.4%), the patient is non conveyed after EMS assessment (20.8%), and incomplete documentation (14.4%). The positive triggers were categorized as a near miss (40.9%), no harm (3.7%), and harmful incident (0.2%). Inter-rater reliability testing showed good agreement in both sessions.ConclusionThis study shows that a trigger tool together with a retrospective record review can be used as a method to measure the frequency of harmful incidents, no harm incidents, and near misses in the EMS, thus complementing the traditional reporting system to realize increased patient safety.

Change in parental knowledge and beliefs about early childhood dental caries following a pragmatic community-based trial.

To evaluate parent knowledge and belief changes following the MySmileBuddy (MSB) early childhood caries (ECC) intervention. Pre- and post-intervention surveys were completed by 669 parents of children with visually-evident ECC from among 977 participants in a 6-12-month pragmatic community-based caries management trial administered by community health workers (CHWs). Six domains of knowledge about caries and motivating and facilitating determinants were assessed via 26 survey items. Principal components analysis and reliability testing reduced dataset dimensionality. Parent and CHW characteristics were analyzed as potential moderators. Paired T-tests measured pre-to-post-intervention changes. Generalized estimating equations accounted for within-participant correlation with significance set at p < 0.05. Twenty items consolidated into five factors (saliva, hygiene, diet, seriousness/susceptibility, and outcome expectations). Six additional items were evaluated individually. Positive post-intervention changes (p < 0.0001) were observed across all factors and all but one individual item (tooth decay is very common). Greatest knowledge increases related to caries as a bacterial disease in two measures, the saliva factor and a single caries belief item tooth decay is an infectious disease (0.59 unit increase, 95% CI [0.55, 0.64] and 0.46 unit increase, 95% CI [0.4, 0.51], respectively), and in the value of fluoridated water over bottled (0.46 unit increase, 95% CI [0.39-0.53]). Most parents improved knowledge of ECC salivary (72%) and dietary risks (57%), and preventative hygiene behaviors (59%). MSB enhanced knowledge and beliefs about caries and confirmed hypothesized mediators of behavior change among parents of high-risk children. Engaging peer-like CHW interventionists may have moderated intervention effects, warranting further exploration.

Retrospective validation of a rapid Lyme fluorescent immunoassay in differentiating Lyme arthritis from other musculoskeletal presentations in children in a Lyme-endemic region.

Lyme arthritis is a common manifestation of Lyme disease in children, with clinical features overlapping with other causes of acute and chronic joint pain/swelling in children. We have demonstrated that the Sofia IgG is a reliable test to rule in and rule out the diagnosis of Lyme arthritis in children with musculoskeletal presentations in a Lyme-endemic region. When used in conjunction with clinical and laboratory variables routinely considered when differentiating Lyme arthritis from other diagnoses, the Sofia IgG has the potential to fill an important gap in care, especially when acute decision-making is necessary. The Sofia IgG should be included in prospective research studies examining clinical prediction tools to identify children at low risk of septic arthritis.