Reliable Instrument Research Articles

Psychometric validation of the Chinese version of the dry eye-related quality-of-life score questionnaire.

To psychometrically validate the Chinese version of the dry eye-related quality-of-life score questionnaire (DEQS-CHN) among Chinese patients with dry eye. This study involved 231 participants, including 191 with dry eye disease (DED) comprising the dry eye disease group, and 40 healthy participants forming the control group. Participants were required to complete the DEQS-CHN, and Chinese dry eye questionnaire and undergo clinical tests including the fluorescein breakup time (FBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), and Schirmer I test. To assess the internal consistency and retest reliability, Cronbach's α and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were employed. Content validity was assessed by item-level content validity index (ICV) and an average scale-level content validity index (S-CVI/Ave). Construct validity was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis. The concurrent validity was assessed by calculating correlations between DEQS-CHN and Chinese dry eye questionnaire. Discriminative validity was evaluated through non-parametric tests, with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve serving as conclusive indicators of the questionnaire's distinguishing capability. The Cronbach's α coefficients for frequency and degree of ocular symptoms, impact on daily life, and summary score were 0.736, 0.704, 0.811, 0.818, 0.861, and 0.860, respectively, and the ICC were 0.611, 0.677, 0.715, 0.769, 0.711, and 0.779, respectively. All I-CVI scores ranged from 0.833 to 1.000, with an S-CVI/Ave of 0.956. Confirmatory factor analysis results exhibited a well-fitting model consistent with the original questionnaire [χ 2/df=2.653, incremental fit index (IFI)=0.924, comparative fit index (CFI)=0.924, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI)=0.909, and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.065]. There was a moderate positive correlation between the DEQS-CHN and the Chinese dry eye questionnaire (r 2=0.588). The dry eye group demonstrated significantly higher scores compared to the control group, and the area under the curve (AUC) value was 0.8092. The DEQS-CHN has been demonstrated as a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the impact of dry eye disease on the quality of life among Chinese individuals with DED.

PENGARUH MODAL, TENAGA KERJA, LAMA USAHA TERHADAP PENDAPATAN DENGAN TEKNOLOGI SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING (Studi pada Kelurahan Wonokoyo Kecamatan Beji Pasuruan)

This research aims to understand the influence of capital, labor, length of business on income with technology as a moderating variable. This research uses an associative quantitative method, with a minimum sample size of 50 respondents, using multivariate (correlation or multiple regression), the tests used in this research use descriptive statistical analysis, instrument reliability tests, validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, normality test, heteroscedasticity test, multicollinearity test, multiple linear regression analysis, T test, r test. The results of the research show that 1. capital (X1) has a significant effect on income (Y) the sig value obtained is 0.00 > 0.05, so that H0 is accepted 2. labor (X2) has a significant effect on income (Y) the significant value is obtained is 0.000 < 0.05, so H0 is accepted 3. Length of business (X3) has a significant effect on income (Y). The significant value obtained is 0.00 < 0.05, so H0 is accepted 4. Interaction variable between Capital and Technology ( X1Z) has a significant effect on Income (Y) with a significant value of 0.000 < 0.05. Therefore, H0 is accepted 5. The interaction variable between Labor and Technology (X2Z) has a significant influence on Income (Y) with a significant value of 0.003 < 0.05. Therefore, H0 is accepted. 6. The interaction variable between Business Length and Technology (X3Z) has a significant influence on income (Y). The significant value is 0.000 > 0.05, meaning H0 is accepted.

Validity and reliability of the Mobile Toolbox Faces and Names memory test.

Validation of the Mobile Toolbox Faces and Names associative memory test is presented. Ninety-two participants self-administered Faces and Names in-person; 956 self-administered Faces and Names remotely but took convergent measures in person; and 123 self-administered Faces and Names remotely twice, 14 days apart. Internal consistency (.76-.79) and test-retest reliability (ICC = .73) were acceptable. Convergent validity with WMS-IV Verbal Paired Associates was satisfactory (immediate .54; delayed .58). The findings suggest the remotely administered Faces and Names is a reliable instrument.

The Effect of Task-Based Language Teaching On Speaking Abilities of Iraqi Intermediate EFL Learners and Their Attitudes Towards English

In the last couple of decades, language educators have focused on the development of communicative language teaching approaches, which emphasize teaching language through communication. Among these approaches, Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) has gained popularity, and it is believed that TBLT can contribute to the development of speaking ability among learners. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of TBLT in developing speaking ability among intermediate level Iraqi students. This quasi-experimental study included 50 individuals from a public school in Iraq. Students in the experimental group were taught using TBLT, whereas those in the control group were taught conventionally. The research data were acquired using two instruments of tests (pre- and post-test) to assess the students' speaking performance before and after treatment, as well as a questionnaire to determine their attitudes toward English. The validity and reliability of the study instruments were confirmed. The results of the research were analyzed using ANCOVA and MANCOVA. The data revealed that TBLT greatly enhances students' speaking abilities, and they have positive sentiments concerning its use in their speaking classes.

Development Of Invertebrate Instruments To Improve Critical Thinking

Research instruments are tools used to collect research data, both qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data can be in the form images, words, and/or other objects that are non-numerical, while quantitative data is data that is or is in the form of numbers. This research was used as an assessment test to measure students' critical thinking in junior high school, specifically invertebrate material. For students, assessment instruments function as a means of evaluating their understanding of the material taught by the teacher. Therefore, teachers need to develop assessment instruments that can stimulate students to develop critical thinking skills. This research uses the RND method with the ADDIE model. Five descriptive questions will be developed, each reflecting an indicator of critical thinking skills which serves as a guide in making test instruments. The five indicators of critical thinking skills and the detailed questions that represent them. This test assessment instrument was tested on 40 individuals using validity and reliability tests, including students, prospective teachers and teachers.The research results show that this instrument can be used and is declared valid with a validity value of 81.11% and is declared valid, while for reliability it gets a score above 0.6 which is categorized as reliable and Critical thinking test assessment instruments on invertebrate material can be used by teachers.

Application of the Optical Fiber Diameter Analyzer for Assessing Cotton Fiber Ribbon Width

ABSTRACT Existing methods for measuring fineness are time-consuming, tedious, and impractical to evaluate many samples. For this reason, the Textile Industry has sought a rapid, accurate, and reliable instrument to determine fiber fineness. Recently, the Optical Fiber Diameter Analyzer (OFDA) was introduced for rapid and precise evaluation of the diameter of different types of fibers. In this study, the OFDA was evaluated for measuring the ribbon width of cotton fiber snippets. One hundred and four carded cotton samples covering a wide range of fiber properties were selected and tested with nine replications per sample. The repeatability of the OFDA diameter measurement was confirmed. Comparisons with the data (cross-sections, AFIS, and Cottonscope) obtained from previous studies on the 104 samples were used to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method. The relationship between ribbon widths measured by Cottonscope and OFDA was found to be weak. Yet, there is a strong correlation between OFDA ribbon width and AFIS standard fineness. We hypothesize that the poor relationship between the Cottonscope and the OFDA is related to the medium in which the measurements are performed. The results are stable and provide measurements closely related to AFIS standard fineness, a trusted measurement within the Textile Industry.

Design and Psychometric Evaluation of Nurses' Mobile Health Device Acceptance Scale (NMHDA-Scale): Application of the Expectation-Confirmation Theory.

The use of mobile tools in nursing care is indispensable. Given the importance of nurses' acceptance of these tools in delivering effective care, this issue requires greater attention. This study aims to design the Mobile Health Tool Acceptance Scale for Nurses based on the Expectation-Confirmation Theory and to evaluate it psychometrically. Using a Waltz-based approach grounded in existing tools and the constructs of the Expectation-Confirmation Theory, the initial version of the scale was designed and evaluated for face and content validity. Construct validity was examined through exploratory factor analysis, concurrent validity, and known-group comparison. Reliability was assessed using measures of internal consistency and stability. The initial version of the scale consisted of 33 items. During the qualitative and quantitative content validity stage, 1 item was added and 1 item was removed. Exploratory factor analysis, retaining 33 items, identified 5 factors that explained 70.53% of the variance. A significant positive correlation was found between the scores of the designed tool and nurses' attitudes toward using mobile-based apps in nursing care (r=0.655, P<.001). The intraclass correlation coefficient, Cronbach α, and ω coefficient were 0.938, 0.953, and 0.907, respectively. The 33-item scale developed is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring nurses' acceptance of mobile health tools.

The Use of Extensive Reading in Promoting Communication in JHS Class: A Case of St. Joseph Practice JHS 1 Students

Extensive reading is a careful cognitive effort that allows individuals to decode the words on paper to extract meaning. The study was carried out to investigate the impact of Extensive Reading in Promoting Communication in JHS classes using St. Joseph Practice JHS in Tano South District of the Bono Ahafo of Ghana for the study. To achieve this aim, the following objectives were laid out to ascertain the teacher's awareness of the benefits of extensive reading and determine the techniques/strategies teachers employ to promote extensive reading for communication in St. Joseph Practice JHS 1. The research design used in this report is descriptive design, utilizing a questionnaire method to obtain information from the respondents for this project. Primary data were collected from the primary source, which questionnaire was used as an instrument of data collection, while secondary data were sources from textbooks, journals, newspapers and the internet. The data were presented in qualitative. Extensive reading is a useful strategy for students to improve their communication. The study provides other researchers with some reliable instruments, action procedures, and experimental findings for use in future research. To the researcher's knowledge, there are no studies about the effect of extensive reading on communication in St. Joseph Practice JHS in Tano South District of the Bono Ahafo. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that there is the need to enact a policy that encourages the construction of ultra-modern libraries in the District, especially Bechem, where St. Joseph Practice JHS is located to improve communication of the students, provision of relevant information resources and, qualified librarians to run such libraries and parents should encourage their children and wards to read at home and watch children educational television programmes.

Level of Satisfaction on Clinical Learning Environment among Nursing Students of Nepalgunj Nursing Campus at Kohalpur

Introduction: Clinical education is a major component of the undergraduate nursing curriculum. To practice a safe beginning level of nursing care, new graduates must have developed not only the theoretical knowledge on which to base their care but also the practical application skills required to implement that knowledge. The clinical learning environment can have a great influence on the development of attitude, knowledge, skills, and problem-solving ability of students. The clinical learning environment plays a crucial role, especially during the clinical training of student nurses, as they face the reality of their roles and responsibilities of being nurses. Aims: To find out undergraduate nursing student’s satisfaction with their clinical learning environment. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Nepalgunj Nursing Campus. The study was conducted among 40 students who were studying Proficiency Certificate Level in Nursing at the Nepalgunj Nursing Campus, Kohalpur. A non-probability sampling method was used to select the sample. A semi-structured self-administered questionnaire and the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision, and Nurse Teacher Scale (CLES+T) were used for data collection. The Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision, and Nurse Teacher Scale is an internationally valid and reliable instrument used to evaluate the quality of clinical learning environments for students in the health professions. Results: More than half of the nursing students (52.50%) were highly satisfied with the clinical learning environment. The association between the level of satisfaction among nursing students and age, marital status, last clinical placement ward, frequency of meeting nurse teachers, and use of e-communication tools with nursing teachers was not statistically significant. Conclusion: In today’s education system, which is centered on students’ learning concepts and expectations, assessing the students’ satisfaction level can be one of the innovative ways to bring positive changes to both the students’ and teachers’ experiences. However, the availability of limited research studies on this matter, makes it hard to draw any conclusions. Hence, future studies should focus on identifying the various factors influencing the satisfaction level of students with clinical learning.

Psychometric properties of the social determinants of health questionnaire (SDH-Q): development and validation

BackgroundThe influence of social determinants of health (SDH) on sustainable development goals (SDG) has gained attention in recent years. However, there is a scarcity in the availability of valid and reliable instruments to assess the multiple aspects of SDH. Hence, this study was conducted to develop a brief self-reported measure for assessing SDH.MethodA cross-sectional survey was conducted among university undergraduate students in Nigeria. The study consisted of 300 participants in the EFA (males 55.7%, females 44.3%) and 430 participants in the CFA (males 54.0%, females 46.0%). Participants were selected using a convenience sampling approach to assess their perceptions regarding SDH. Content Validity Index (CVI), Face Validity Index (FVI), Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Composite Reliability (CR), Average Variance Extracted (AVE), Cronbach’s alpha, and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were computed to determine the psychometric properties of the newly developed SDH scale.ResultsIn the EFA, two factors were extracted (structural determinants of SDH and intermediary determinants of SDH), with all 20 items retained. The total variance explained by the EFA model was 61.8%, and the factor correlation was 0.178. The Cronbach’s alpha values of the two factors were 0.917 and 0.939. In the CFA, the initial model did not fit the data well based on fit indices. After several re-specification of the model, the final re-specified measurement model demonstrated adequate fit factor structure of the SDH scale with two factors and 20 items (CFI = 0.943, TLI = 0.930, SRMR = 0.056, RMSEA = 0.053, RMSEA p-value = 0.220). The CR was 0.797 for structural determinants of SDH and 0.794 for intermediary determinants of SDH. The ICC was 0.938 for structural determinants of SDH and 0.941 for intermediary determinants of SDH.ConclusionThe findings indicate that the SDH scale has adequate psychometric properties and can be used to assess the perceived level of SDH. We recommended that this tool be tested in other populations with diverse age groups and other demographic characteristics.

Components and Indicators of Innovators Among Primary School Teachers

The objectives of this study were: 1) to study the components and indicators of innovators in primary school teachers, and 2) to examine the consistency of the components model and indicators of innovators in primary school teachers with empirical data. The participants were 220 primary teachers under the Office of the Basic Education Commission in the Northeastern Region. The researcher determined the sample size based on a 20:1 ratio of the number of parameters and used a multi-stage random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire for developing elements and indicators of innovator in primary school teachers. The Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) index ranges from 0.80 to 1.00, the discriminatory power using Pearson Product-Moment Correlation ranges from 0.24 to 0.83, and the reliability of the entire instrument, as measured by Cronbach&amp;rsquo;s alpha coefficient (&amp;alpha;), is 0.97. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The results revealed the following: 1) the elements and indicators of innovators in primary school teachers were identified through a synthesis of relevant documents and research, consisting of (1) initiative, (2) observation and asking questions, (3) interaction with others, (4) applying, and (5) adapting to the situation, with a total of 11 indicators. 2) The examination of the consistency of the components model and indicators of innovators in primary school teachers with empirical data found that (&amp;chi;2) was equal to 15.073, the degrees of freedom (df) was equal to 22, the chi-square value is the correlation (&amp;chi;2/df) is equal to 0.685. The statistical significance (p-value) was 0.859, and the goodness-of-fit index (GFI) was 0.988. The Relative Harmony Index (CFI) was equal to 1.000. The Harmonic Harmony Index (NFI) was equal to 0.985. The Root Mean Residual Index (RMR) was equal to 0.004. The square root of the mean square of the estimation (RMSEA) was equal to 0.000, indicating that this tool can be used to evaluate the innovators of primary school teachers.

B - 44 Examining Test–Retest Reliability and Mean Score Differences in Self-Reported Neuropsychological Symptoms in Active-Duty and Veterans with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (Mtbi)

Abstract Objective Test–retest reliability is a foundational psychometric property of tests, providing a means through which tests may be assessed for time invariant interpretation. This study evaluated the test–retest reliability of several self-report instruments commonly employed in a veteran/military neurocognitive rehabilitation setting. Method Repeat administration of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI), Key Behaviors Change Inventory (KBCI), Veterans RAND 12 Item Health Survey (VR12), C4 Inventory, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression, Post-traumatic Checklist-DSM-5 (PCL-5), and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was collected across baseline, one, four, and twelve week timepoints. Interclass correlation coefficients and a two-way mixed ANOVA was conducted on 31 Veteran and 22 Active-duty participants (71.5% male). Results Most measures demonstrated a significant mean difference during follow-up, with reductions across the 1- and 4-week follow-ups. ICC ranged from good to excellent (0.76–0.93) across the measures. Correlations between time points on measures were high (e.g., PCL-5 Baseline/4wk r = 0.93), suggesting high reliability for measures despite changing scores after treatment completion. Conclusions This study found good test–retest reliability across the three follow-up timelines, supporting the use of the included measures in neurocognitive rehabilitation settings. Reliability and post-treatment changes in symptoms observed across these measures will be further discussed.

Investigating the Effect of the Mediating Role of Process Re-engineering and Total Quality Management on the Business Value of Information Technology

The widespread use of information technology in the business sector has led to the development of e-businesses. The primary goal of this study is to examine the impact of mediation process reengineering and total quality management on the business value of information technology. We assessed the validity and reliability of the survey instrument, a questionnaire, using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The study analysed 102 managers and experts in the field of computer services. The study employed path analysis to scrutinise the data. The results revealed a significant relationship between Total Quality Management (TQM) and process reengineering, which is considered a valuable technology. We also detected a significant correlation between total quality management and process reengineering.

TEAMs go VR—validating the TEAM in a virtual reality (VR) medical team training

BackgroundInadequate collaboration in healthcare can lead to medical errors, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary teamwork training. Virtual reality (VR) simulation-based training presents a promising, cost-effective approach. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) for assessing healthcare student teams in VR environments to improve training methodologies.MethodsForty-two medical and nursing students participated in a VR-based neurological emergency scenario as part of an interprofessional team training program. Their performances were assessed using a modified TEAM tool by two trained coders. Reliability, internal consistency, and concurrent validity of the tool were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha.ResultsRater agreement on TEAM’s leadership, teamwork, and task management domains was high, with ICC values between 0.75 and 0.90. Leadership demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.90), while teamwork and task management showed moderate to acceptable consistency (alpha = 0.78 and 0.72, respectively). Overall, the TEAM tool exhibited high internal consistency (alpha = 0.89) and strong concurrent validity with significant correlations to global performance ratings.ConclusionThe TEAM tool proved to be a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating team dynamics in VR-based training scenarios. This study highlights VR’s potential in enhancing medical education, especially in remote or distanced learning contexts. It demonstrates a dependable approach for team performance assessment, adding value to VR-based medical training. These findings pave the way for more effective, accessible interdisciplinary team assessments, contributing significantly to the advancement of medical education.

Effects of Teachers’ Technology Leadership on Postgraduate Preservice Teachers’ Application of TPACK: Perspective of Path-Goal Theory of Leadership

A tremendous amount of technology (e.g., online learning platforms, virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and robots) has been utilized to create rich interactive activities to upgrade preservice teachers’ knowledge and skills. However, there is a challenge to transform teacher preparation programs into a fully realized technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) application environment. Teachers’ technology leadership (TTL) should be considered to empower preservice teachers to apply TPACK. Since there was no empirical evidence concerning the impact of technology leadership on student outcomes, this study investigated the relationship between TTL and postgraduate preservice teachers’ application of TPACK by collecting quantitative data in Chinese normal university. Factor analyses were first conducted; and results indicated that the questionnaire combined the ISTE-E standards and TPACK framework was a reliable and valid survey instrument. The descriptive statistics results showed that TTL (professional growth and leadership, digital citizenship, technology collaboration, and technology-empowered learning) was highly perceived, and postgraduate preservice teachers’ TPACK components were at medium levels. Structural equation modeling test results revealed that TTL positively and significantly influenced all dimensions of postgraduate preservice teachers’ TPACK. Finally, limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are provided along with theoretical and practical implications.

Rasch Measurement Theory (RMT) Analyses of the Huntington's Disease Everyday Functioning (Hi-DEF) to Evaluate Item Fit and Performance.

The Huntington's Disease (HD) Everyday Functioning (Hi-DEF) is a new patient-reported outcome (PRO) instrument designed to measure the impact of cognitive impairment on daily functioning in the early stages of HD. To assess the measurement properties and finalize item content of the Hi-DEF. A cross-sectional, observational psychometric validation study was conducted among individuals with early stages of HD at 9 US centers of excellence. Rasch Measurement Theory (RMT) analysis of the initial draft version of the Hi-DEF (47 items) and subscales (i.e., 'Home', 'At work', 'Driving', and 'Communication') was conducted to examine measurement properties including sample-to-scale targeting, suitability of response scale (ordering of response thresholds), scale cohesiveness (item fit), local independence, and person fit. 151 participants (mean age 47 years (SD 12), 59% female) were included. Seven items were removed based on dependency and item fit. The remaining 40-item version of the Hi-DEF demonstrated good measurement properties. Across the four subscales, targeting ranged from 49-70% (72% full scale), reliability ascertained by person separation index ranged from 0.53-0.87 (0.92 full scale), response scales were ordered for 25-100% of items (75% full scale), 0-12% items displayed misfit (2% full scale), and 0-1% (2% full scale) item pairs displayed dependency. Our study supports the psychometric integrity of the Hi-DEF as a reliable and valid new PRO instrument designed to assess the impact of cognitive impairment on daily functioning in the early stages of HD. Future work will evaluate the external validity and utility in clinical trial applications.

Spanish validation perceived ease of ICT among future early childhood education and primary school teachers

AbstractThe use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has been increasing in education. Despite its benefits, not everyone perceives its use with the same ease. This raises the need to observe the perceived ease of use (PEOU) of ICT among future teachers, which requires a valid and reliable instrument to measure this variable for the Spanish population. The aim of this study is to validate PEOU among trainee early childhood education and primary education teachers studying at Spanish universities and observe the factorial invariance across gender. Two studies were conducted: the first study consisted of an Exploratory Factor Analysis with 474 students (Mage = 21.17; SD = 4.03), while the second study tested the scale based on 796 students (Mage = 21.25; SD = 3.99). The results found that PEOU is a valid and reliable measurement scale consisting of two factors (FI. Difficulty [α = 0.89] and FII. Ease [α = 0.81], and that there are no gender differences. In conclusion, it provides a scale to assess PEOU of ICT among the Spanish adult population.

Augmented Reality untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis, Berbicara, Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Kelas V SD Xyz Bintaro

Students need to learn thoroughly on the writing, speaking and critical thinking skills in order to adapt with the development of technology and information. This study aims to analyze the differences between 2 classes that implemented 2 different means in learning Bahasa Indonesia for grade 5 students, between control class that use lecturing method and the experiment class that use Augmented Reality. The research subject were the fifth graders of XYZ school in Bintaro area. There were 28 students from control group and 27 students from the experiment group with a total of 55 students in all. This research period was conducted in 4 months from late January in 23 January 2024 to 10 May 2024. This study used a weak experimental design method with a static-group pretest-posttest design model. The research data was collected from the observation of the students performance during class discussion and project presentation which used a rubric that has been validated and is a reliable instrument. The result of the statistical analysis showed differences in the control class pretest and control class posttest, in the experimental class pretest and experimental class posttest, also the nGain result for both classes in writing, speaking and critical thinking skills. The average nGain for control class in writing, speaking and critical thinking skills respectively are; 0,17; 0,21; 0,26 While the average nGain for the experiment class in writing, speaking and critical thinking skills is 0,41; 0,31; 0,27 respectively. Based on the result, the ngain result for critical thinking skills in experiment class showed low result using 0,3 as the significance value. This result means the use of Augmented Reality was less effective in critical thinking skills but effective in writing and speaking skills.

Physical test instrument: a development study for junior Karateka in the kata category

Good physical condition is very important for the karate martial arts branch, especially the kata category. Where physical condition is the main supporting factor so that the ability of kihon, kumite and kata karateka can develop properly. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a valid and reliable karate physical condition test and measurement instrument for the kata category so that it can be used in karate development. The purpose of this study was to develop tests and compile a norm instrument for junior category karate physical tests aged 16-17 years that can be used as a measuring tool to test the physical condition of karateka. Research and development (R&amp;D) method. This research was conducted at a karate dojo under the guidance of the Indonesian Karate-Do Sports Federation (FORKI). Small-scale trial subjects included 55 respondents and a large trial group included 114 respondents. The karate trial subjects were 16-17 years old (junior) and determined the trial sample with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis techniques using correlation tests, validity tests and reliability tests. The results of this study showed two series of karate physical test instruments for junior karate athletes (aged 16-17 years) male and female consisting of; V Sit And Reach, Hexagonal Obstacle, Stork Standing balance, Throw Catch Ball tennis, Two Hands Medicine Ball Put, Standing Broad Jump, 2 Minute Sit Ups, Multistage Fitness Test. The validity of the eigenvalue of factor analysis &gt; 1 and can be said to be valid. Reliability is done by re-testing or correlation between the same groups for two treatments. Based on the difference significance test, it shows that t-count = 3.617, df = 59 and P-Value = 0.01 &lt;0.05, which means there is a significant difference in the pre-test and post-test results. Based on this information, it can be said that the physical test instrument model developed is effective, so it can be said that the test used is reliable. In conclusion, 8 items of karate physical test instruments have been produced for junior kata karate category athletes, the preparation of karate physical test norms for junior kata category athletes, and 8 items of physical test instruments have been produced that are effectively used to improve the achievements of junior male and female karate athletes. It is recommended that research be carried out on a larger scope of subjects and a wider research location, so that this measuring instrument product is more tested for feasibility. Keywords: Test Instruments, Condition Physique, Karate juniors, Category Kata

Validity and reliability of the Checklist for Habitual Physical Activity for people 75 years and older in Japan.

Despite health benefits, many older adults struggle to meet physical activity guidelines, leading to stagnant activity levels. While integrating physical activity into daily routines has been proposed as a promising strategy for older adults, fit-for-purpose measurement tools to assess such routines are lacking. The Checklist for Habitual Physical Activity (CHaPA) was developed based on the positive deviance approach and socio-ecological model to assess daily behaviours encouraging physical activity among adults aged 75 and older. It has been confirmed for its content and face validity. However, to ensure its broader applicability and usefulness, assessing its construct validity and reliability is necessary. Therefore, this study aims to assess the construct validity and reliability of the CHaPA and accordingly update the tool. To validate the construct validity of the CHaPA 22-item version, we conducted item analysis and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. We removed inappropriate items based on predefined criteria. Then, we assessed the reliability, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and measurement errors of the CHaPA final version. Item analyses and factor analyses resulted in the deletion of 11 items. The results of confirmatory factor analysis validated the CHaPA 11-item version with the three-factor structure based on model fit index with χ2/degree of freedom = 1.25, comparative fit index = 0.965, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.952, and root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.038. Omega coefficient (0.90) showed excellent internal consistency. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) demonstrated good test-retest reliability (ICC (1, 2) = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.34-0.89, standard error of measurement = 1.75). We finalised the CHaPA 11-item version as a valid and reliable instrument for assessing daily behaviours conducive to physical activity among individuals aged 75 years and older. We need to examine the methods and effectiveness of disseminating this checklist to ensure its utilisation as a resource for promoting healthy ageing and aiding older adults in maintaining active lifestyles.