Reliability In Relation Research Articles

An interconnectivity framework for analyzing and demarcating real-time operations across critical infrastructures and over time

Models and modeling of interconnected critical infrastructures are on the rise. A different framework is provided here for analyzing and distinguishing interconnected operations in real time and over time. Our framework treats interconnected operations as the unit and level of analysis rather than as methodologically distinct operations of conceptually separate infrastructures. We focus on interconnectivity configurations, shifts, connected system control variables, and changing performance standards across important shifts. Implications of the conceptual and methodological refocusing are drawn for policy and management. Our framework allows for a new understanding of reliability in relation to interconnectivity management, including the identification of potential errors in assessing and acting upon interconnectivity shifts. These include failing to recognize when changes in communication patterns need to follow from interconnectivity shifts and neglecting the operational importance of improvisations where system control variables (like electricity frequency or water pressure) overlap or are shared. Larger implications for interinfrastructural and societal safety are drawn throughout.

The Effect of Spatial Production in Hair Salons on Customer’s Revisit Intention and Word-of-Mouth Intention

The purpose of this study is to provide more practical basic data for hair salon marketing strategies by examining the effect of spatial production in hair salons on customer’s revisit intention and word-of-mouth intention. As a result, it was found that only the cleanliness factor of spatial production had a significant positive effect on the customer's revisit intention, and the cleanliness and differentiation factor of spatial production had a significant positive effect on the customer's word-of-mouth intention. Specific improvements in cleanliness and differentiation are as follows in order to promote revisit and word-of-mouth of beauty salon customers. First, in order to secure regular customers, the priority should be to create a clean space, and in the case of already existing hair salons, the revisit rate of existing customers can be increased by cleanly managing the space where the customer directly exists. Second, in order to attract new customers, it is believed that the effect of creating new customers through word-of-mouth can be increased by focusing on cleanliness as previously mentioned, and by using the brand's representative color so that customers can experience the brand's unique sensibility in the salon space. This study is meaningful because previous research on beauty salon space was insignificant, and it suggests that more attention should be paid to the cleanliness and differentiation of beauty salon space to revisit customers and attract new customers. However, in this study, several items that hinder reliability in relation to functionality were deleted, and in future studies, it is considered necessary to further revise and supplement functionality-related items so that the constituent concepts of spatial performance can be evaluated more closely.

Оценка надежности асинхронных дизель-генераторных установок переменной частоты вращения

Calculation and subsequent analysis of reliability indicators is a mandatory stage of development and commissioning of technical devices. There has been carried out an assessment of reliability in relation to diesel generator sets operating in the mode of adjustable rotational speed at shared loads, which ensures their high energy efficiency. Unconditional compliance with the requirements for the quality of the generated energy (amplitude and frequency of the voltage in the ship's network) is realized in these generating devices by means of semiconductor converter technology. It is obvious that the increased technical complexity of variable-speed generator sets, which can be attributed to the class of machine-valve generator complexes, is associated with a certain decrease in their reliability indicators. There are presented structural schemes and indicated the composition of power equipment and controls for machine-valve generator complexes based on asynchronous generators with a short-circuited and phase rotor. The method of calculating the reliability indicators of these asynchronous diesel generator complexes is considered. The results of calculating the failure rate and operating time for failure are given, taking into account the load diagram of the power plant and the tachogram of the drive internal combustion engine, which corresponds to operation at energy-efficient rotational speeds at optimal (close to nominal) specific fuel consumption. The results of a comparative analysis of the operating time for failure allow us to determine the most reliable version of asynchronous generator electrical installation in operation.

Development and analysis of a Two stage Hybrid MPPT algorithm for solar PV systems

In this article, a hybrid Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) approach that can quickly adapt to a fast changing weather conditions is proposed. The proposed method entails the combination of a Perturb and Observe (P&O) MPPT technique with a Look-Up Table (LUT) algorithm. The algorithm operates through a series of stages to attain the MPP with improved speed and accuracy, in response to the observed variations in the input(s). The efficacy of the proposed approach’s MPP tracking performance is assessed through comprehensive simulation studies and experimental testing across diverse input conditions. The comparative evaluation of the proposed two-stage algorithm involves an assessment of its tracking response, reliability, and accuracy in relation to other established methodologies. The algorithm proposed exhibits a satisfactory level of overall efficiency, as evidenced by a tracking efficiency of 99.31% even under frequently changing weather conditions. This confirms the validity of the technique employed.

The side hop test: Validity, reliability, and quality aspects in relation to sex, age and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, in soccer players

ObjectiveTo study the side hop test regarding validity, reliability, and quality in relation to sex, age and ACL-reconstruction in soccer players. DesignCohort study. Participants117 females with a primary ACL-reconstruction, and 119 females, 46 males (age 16–26 years), 49 girls and 66 boys (age 13–16 years) without injury. Main outcome measuresFor convergent validity, one physiotherapist analysed side hops live and later on video. One physiotherapist and two physiotherapy students analysed side hops from 92 players for interrater reliability (video). For intrarater reliability, side hops from 35 players were analysed twice (video). Quality aspects (flaws), i.e. number of times the hopping limb touched the strips, the non-hopping limb touched the floor, and double hops/foot turns with the hopping limb, were registered (video). ResultsConvergent validity was excellent; the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.93–1.0. All reliability measures were excellent (ICC 0.92−1.0). Adult male players had fewest and girls had most flaws, especially double hops/foot turns with the hopping limb, compared with all other players (mean, 11−12 vs 1−6, η2 = 0.18, large effect size). No differences were reported between knee-healthy and ACL-reconstructed females. ConclusionThe side hop test is valid and reliable. Quality aspects differ between sexes and ages.

Testing the validity of academic staff performance predictors and their effects on workforce performance

This study investigated the validity of quality culture (QC) and excellent work culture (EWC) constructs, and their effects on academic staff performance (ASP) mediated by EWC in selected West Malaysian higher education institutions (HEIs). The study included 1,068 faculty members from eight HEIs. The findings showed that QC construct is represented by nine separate elements, whereas two factors index both ASP and EWC. Moreover, the findings established evidence of construct reliability and validity in relation to the elements comprised the three constructs. The findings indicated that quality culture and excellent work culture have direct impact on ASP. The findings also showed that excellent work culture exhibits indirect causal effect on academic staff performance. This empirical study analyzed the mediating effect of EWC on ASP, which has not been extensively examined in the context of Malaysian HEIs.

Исследование эффекта применения трехчастных конструкций «правила трех» в рекламе

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective. </strong>To get closer to understanding the possibility of using the effect of three-part constructions in advertising in relation to the Russian segment of consumers. To consider the effect of the effect of three-part constructions in advertising relative to the level of education and consumer skepticism.<br><strong>Background. </strong>The credibility of an advertising message consists of many factors. One of them is the number of positive reviews about the advertised product. As for the theory of American psychologists S.B. Shu and K.A. Carlson, three-part constructions or the "rule of three" suggest that a construction of three positive statements about a product is the most favorable combination for consumers, while a large number of statements causes skepticism and distrust of advertising. This study was conducted in the Russian segment of consumers with higher and incomplete higher education. The study of the effectiveness of advertising in relation to its reliability in relation to consumers is certainly an urgent topic in relation to marketing.<br><strong>Study design. </strong>The study examined the relationship between higher education, impression skepticism, and the number of positive product claims in advertising. The presence and nature of the relationship were checked through the construction of a linear regression model.<br><strong>Participants. </strong>Russian sample (pilot study): 24 people, of which 14 are women and 10 are men. Participant’s ages ranged from 20 to 76 years (<em>M</em> = 27,0; <em>SD</em> = 13,9). Study: 110 people, of which 72 are women and 38 are men aged 18 to 76 years (<em>M</em> = 30,0; <em>SD</em> = 12,6). The number of respondents with higher education was 56 people, without higher education – 54 people.<br><strong>Measurements </strong>Analysis of the regression model. The method of expert assessments. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov criteria were used to assess the nature of the data distribution.<br><strong>Results. </strong>The impressions from advertising with one positive statement about the product are higher among respondents with higher education; the impression of advertising with three and four statements is not interconnected with the presence of higher education; in relation to advertising with five statements, it was found that the impression is better for people without higher education. Low skepticism subjects were found to prefer ads with more product descriptions (5 or 6). In the group of respondents with higher education and a low level of skepticism, a predisposition to advertising with one and two positive statements about the product was found. Regarding the group of respondents with incomplete higher education and low level of skepticism, there was a tendency to advertise with five statements.<br><strong>Conclusions. </strong>The hypotheses that were confirmed showed that the presence of low levels of skepticism among respondents is associated with a stronger impression of advertising with one, two, five and six positive statements about the product. Regarding the three and four positive statements, the phenomenon was not observed. The study did not find any relationship between the level of education and the effect of the “effect of three” in the advertising message, which suggests the presence of this feature among the Russian segment of consumers.</p>

Reliability of the retrospective Clinical Interview Schedule Revised (rCIS-R) to assess relapse in depression in primary care patients.

We are not aware of a simple and short structured measure that retrospectively assesses time to relapse for depression. We developed the retrospective Clinical Interview Schedule Revised (rCIS-R) to assess depression relapse in the previous 12 weeks, for use in a clinical trial of maintenance antidepressant treatment. We assessed test-retest reliability and construct validity in relation to a Global Rating Question (GRQ) about worsening mood, participants stopping their study medication and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scores. In our study 444 participants provided data for rCIS-R, GRQ and PHQ-9 and 396 participants completed rCIS-R on two occasions about 30 minutes apart. The reliability study was nested within a randomised controlled trial (ANTLER). We found substantial test-retest agreement for the rCIS-R definition of relapse (kappa 0.84 (95%CI 0.71 to 0.97)), for individual sections and timing of relapse (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient 0.94 (95%CI 0.92 to 0.95)). Comparison of relapse with GRQ, stopping study medication and PHQ-9 supported the construct validity of the rCIS-R. The rCIS-R provides a reliable way of assessing relapse of depression over the previous 12 weeks. Its brevity, self-report format, simplicity of scoring and absence of training requirement makes it attractive to use in randomised controlled trials.

A suggested scientific research environment measure SREM in medical faculties

BackgroundCreating a supportive environment for scientific research is vital to improve the quality of research and its impact on development of society. This study outlines the development of a new scale that can measure the scientific research environment of postgraduate medical students. This tool aimed to allow medical institutions to measure their scientific research environment from the researchers' point of view. This may ensure an appropriate scientific research environment for researchers by identifying and overcoming obstacles. MethodsBased on literature, an initial list with 58 items was formulated. After discussing with postgraduate students and academic staff members from Damascus University and the Syrian Virtual University, A 38-item scale remained from the initial list of 58 items. To test the scale, postgraduate medical students (n = 30) were asked to fill the scale and answer 38 questions-with a 5-point Likert scale-twice in two separate occasions. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was performed to study the internal correlation. The internal consistency test was performed with Cronbach's Alpha, and the Test-Retest Reliability was conducted to study the reliability of the scale. Moreover, factor analysis was used to determine the sampling adequacy. ResultsThirty postgraduate medical students at Damascus University completed the 38-item scale. Scale scores in the sample displayed good reliability in relation to published results. Findings, showed an internal correlation among its sub-scales. The results showed an acceptable reliability values such as internal consistency (α = 0.863) and test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.093). KMO had a value bigger than 0.7 (KMO = 0.849) which indicate sampling adequacy, also, Bartlett's test of the sphericity was (1142.76, Df = 91, P-value = 0.000) which prove meaningful of the factor analysis. The results of varimax rotation found that five main factors were retained. ConclusionsThe Scientific Research Environment Measure (SREM), can be suggested as an effective evaluation instrument which can be applied easily to assess the scientific research environment of postgraduate medical students. This would help the decision makers to support teaching, learning, and research environment through implementing new strategies that inspire postgraduate medical students and increase their engagement.

Experimental investigation and optimization of dimple-roughened impinging jet solar air collector using a novel AHP-MABAC approach.

The effect of the flow and geometric parameters of a dimple-roughened absorber plate on the enactment of solar air collectors (SACs) with air-impinged jets was investigated in this study. The performance-defining criteria (PDCs) of a jet-impinged dimple-roughened SAC (JIDRSAC)-forced convection airflow system are significantly affected by variations in the system's control factors (CFs), such as the arc angle (αaa) ranging from 30° to 75°, dimple pitch ratio (pd/Dh) ranging from 0.269 to 1.08, and dimple height ratio (ed/Dh) ranging from 0.016 to 0.0324. The constant parameters of the jet slot are a stream-wise pitch ratio (Xi/Dhd) is 1.079, a span-wise pitch ratio (Yi/Dhd) is 1.619, and a jet diameter(Di/Dhd) is 0.081. Based on the combined approach of the analytic hierarchy process and multi-attributive border approximation area comparison (AHP-MABAC), the Reynolds number (Re) = 15,000, αaa = 60°, pd/Dh = 0.27, and ed/Dh = 0.027 depicted the best alternative (A-9) set among 16 alternatives to deliver the optimal performance of the JIDRSAC. The jet impingement pass compared to the smooth pass, the Nusselt number increased by 2.16-2.81, and friction factor increased by 3.35-5.95, and JIDRSAC was compared to the jet impingement pass, exhibiting an enhancement in Nusselt number and friction factor in the range of 0.55-0.80 and 0.05-0.15, respectively. In addition, sensitivity analysis is used to examine the ranking's stability and reliability in relation to the PDC weights.

PROBABILISTIC MODELS FOR RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF PIPELINE SYSTEMS

The issues of functional reliability assessment within the framework of the pipeline system reliability diagnostics subsystem are considered. The basis for the development of the functional reliability diagnostics subsystem is the breakdown of the pipeline system into emergency repair zones, as well as the replacement of the structure with the macro structure of emergency repair zones, which completely inherits the functional reliability of the system. A mathematical model is formed for each consumer Oi of the pipeline system, where and is the total number of consumers. If several consumers receive the target product from only one zone, then the corresponding mathematical models of functional reliability coincide. The following initial data are used to form a mathematical model of functional reliability in relation to the consumer Oi: calculation model of functional reliability in relation to all consumers. On the basis of emergency repair zones probabilistic models for calculating the functional reliability of pipeline systems have been developed, which are used in the algorithm for calculating the reliability of the entire system. The reliability of pipeline systems at the operational stage is supported by timely prevention and elimination of failures. A probabilistic model has been developed that makes it possible to assess the characteristics of the process of prevention and elimination of failures, to select the optimal parameters. Corresponding numerical calculations have been carried out. From the standpoint of a specialized organization that serves pipeline system, you need to minimize costs, while adhering to certain restrictions, namely: the deviation of the actual time of repair from the normative should not exceed the value, and all requests to eliminate accidents must be fulfilled. This means that the organization has a certain margin of capacity to service emergency calls. Minimize costs within the developed model can be solely due to the number of teams nmin, aiming at their maximum loading. So, we got the mathematical programming problem, which is: to find nmin, which maximizes the load function when the relevant restrictions are met. Keywords: model, subsystem, diagnostics, reliability, pipeline system.

Towards a simplified fluid-sensitive MRI protocol in small joints of the hand in early arthritis patients: reliability between modified Dixon and regular Gadolinium enhanced TSE fat saturated MRI-sequences.

MRI of small joints plays an important role in the early detection and early treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Despite its sensitivity to demonstrate inflammation, clinical use is hampered by accessibility, long scan time, intravenous contrast, and consequent high costs. To improve the feasibility of MRI implementation in clinical practice, we introduce a modified Dixon sequence, which does not require contrast and reduces total acquisition time to 6min. Because the reliability in relation to conventional MRI sequences is unknown, we determined this. In 29 consecutive early arthritis patients, coronal and axial T2-weighted modified Dixon acquisitions on 3.0T MRI scanner were acquired from metacarpophalangeal 2-5 to the wrist, followed by the standard contrast-enhanced protocol on 1.5T extremity MRI. Two readers scored osteitis, synovitis and tenosynovitis (summed as total MRI-inflammation), and erosions (all summed as total Rheumatoid Arthritis MRI Score (RAMRIS)). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between readers, and comparing the two sequences, were studied. Spearman correlations were determined. Performance between readers was good/excellent. Comparing modified Dixon and conventional sequences revealed good/excellent reliability: ICC for total MRI-inflammation score was 0.84 (95% CI:0.70-0.92), for erosions 0.90 (95% CI:0.79-0.96), and for the total RAMRIS score 0.88 (95% CI:0.77-0.94). The scores of total MRI-inflammation, total erosions, and total RAMRIS were highly correlated (ρ = 0.80, ρ = 0.81, ρ = 0.82, respectively). The modified Dixon protocol is reliable compared to the conventional MRI protocol, suggesting it is accurate to detect MRI inflammation. The good correlation may be the first step towards a patient-friendly, short and affordable MRI protocol, which can facilitate the implementation of MRI for early detection of inflammation in rheumatology practice.

Facts and arguments checking: investigating the occurrence of scientific arguments on Twitter

A method for studying use of scientific sources in arguments on Twitter is demonstrated. Data were collected from the Twitter API v. 2.0 using Focalevents, searching for tweets with links to DOIs, and then collecting conversations around these tweets. Analysis. Three conversations on different topics were analysed searching for argumentative behaviour, use of scientific sources, their reliability, consistency and adequacy in relation to the argument and the target audience. Both quantitative and qualitative content analysis based on argumentation theory were applied. The method allowed us to identify scientific publications used argumentatively by a multiple audience in the context of Twitter conversations. The publications were used to build scientific arguments, mainly, but not exclusively, from individual and collegial expert opinion. Scientific findings were often misinterpreted and used improperly to the benefit of the argument. Through the use of argumentation theory to study conversations in a structured way, the paper demonstrates how to approach the usage of scientific publications in arguments. Scientific publications were used to build scientific arguments from different types of expert opinion, for giving proofs for claims and ounter-arguments, and inconsistent or biased arguments from individual expert opinion.

Examining Accessibility and Reliability in the Evolution of Subway Systems

The subway system in the city of Seoul has dramatically evolved from a single subway line of less than 10 km in the early 1970s to one of the largest mass transit systems in the world, with more than 13 lines and 400 stations in 2014. This study aims to explore longitudinal changes in network accessibility and reliability in relation to the four evolutionary stages of the Seoul subway system (1979, 1985, 2001, and 2014). With rapid expansion of the network, accessibility and reliability have improved over time, but at a different pace and with different spatial patterns. The accessibility level has consistently increased, along with the core-to-periphery improvement spatial pattern, while reliability has been quickly enhanced as a result of the completion of a circular line in the second stage and stabilized early since the third stage. This study contributes to the field of transport network planning, in which well-balanced network functionality is a critical concern.

ECONOMIC AVAILABILITY OF FOOD IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR

Food security is a country's ability to provide people with access to quality and healthy food. According to the Rome Declaration on World Food Security, every country must ensure the human right to adequate nutrition. This document envisages: physical and economic availability, food independence, reliability in relation to seasonal and weather fluctuations and sustainability of production growth. Today, the problem of food security in Ukraine concerns almost all aspects of the functioning of the state: from defense and readiness to deal with emergency situations to long-term development prospects.
 Ukraine's contribution to the world food market in 2021 was equivalent to providing food for 400 million people. russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine disrupted the production, processing and food supply systems.
 The policy of our country in the field of ensuring food security changes in accordance with the challenges and taking into account the experiences that have confirmed their practical feasibility. In particular, a plan to ensure food security under martial law was adopted. This is a complex of actions that involves monitoring the state of food security and agricultural infrastructure as a whole; providing support to food producers; provision of targeted assistance to socially vulnerable categories of the population, centralized control over product prices.
 World leaders, the European Union and the United Nations are also currently looking for ways to avoid a food crisis due to the war waged by russia against Ukraine, which has caused the harvest to decrease by about 30%

How Should the Risk of Absconding Be Assessed? Existing Approaches within Forensic Mental Health Systems and Examination of a New Scale

At present, there are few validated tools to assist clinicians in assessing absconding risk and formulating viable risk management plans. In this article, we review existing literature on instrument validity and reliability in relation to absconding among patients in forensic care. We examine the predictive validity of a new risk assessment scale for absconding, the Waypoint Elopement Risk Scale-Historical (WERS-H), and assess its incremental utility against a general violence risk assessment instrument (HCR-20V3). Results from all active inpatients in our service (N = 139) revealed 73 individuals who were responsible for 261 absconding events from 2014 to 2020, representing a similar event frequency from a previous census conducted in 2012, but also reflecting considerable annual fluctuations in rate. Confirming results of earlier studies, the presence of substance use and lengthy durations of forensic supervision emerged as key variables associated with absconding. The WERS-H was found to be a significant predictor of future absconding events (incident rate ratio = 1.21, 95% CI [1.07, 1.38], p = .002) and contributed incrementally over the HCR-20V3 Historical scale, suggesting that the use of an absconding-specific risk tool may yield better predictive accuracy compared to assessment instruments in the domain of general violence or offending.

Multidimensional Prayer Inventory: Psychometric Properties and Clinical Applications

Prayer is one of the most important aspects of religious/spiritual life. The psychological literature has identified various types of prayer and a few methods for measuring it. The Multidimensional Prayer Inventory (MPI) has received much attention from researchers since it allows for the capture of the most universal forms of prayer, characteristic of the Judeo-Christian tradition: Adoration, Confession, Thanksgiving, Supplication, and Reception. The aim of this article was to examine psychometric properties and clinical applications of the Polish MPI. In four studies, we established the internal structure of the MPI using Principal Component Analysis (PCA, study 1) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA, study 2), examined its validity and reliability in relation to religiousness (study 3), and analysed its clinical application (study 4). The Polish MPI has been confirmed as a reliable and valid measure of five types of prayer for use in research settings.

Антисоветские организации и группы в Омском округе в 1927 г.: сообщение Омского окружного отдела ОГПУ местному партийному руководству

The paper studies report of the Omsk regional department of the OGPU to the local party leadership on anti-Soviet organizations and groups in the Omsk region in 1927, reflecting the efforts of Omsk security officers to combat anti-communist opposition, which in terms of the era was “anti-Soviet.” Source analysis of the OGPU information statement shows its high reliability and informative value in relation to presence and nature of opposition in the Omsk region. Thus, diachronic research has become key method for analyzing data of the source. It has helped to analyze the state of opposition in the Omsk district in 1927 and to conclude that there was no real anti-communist opposition that could have been the basis for creation of counter-revolutionary organizations allegedly exposed by Omsk Chekists in the 1930s. Statistical method has made it possible to compare the Cheka data on the number of ex-White officers groups in the Omsk district with information on the number of lishenets officers (those deprived of voting rights) and thus to assess social and political activity of this category of Soviet citizens. Biographical method has permitted to study the document in connection with life and activities of the OGPU employee D.A. Bulatov who prepared it. The author comes to the conclusion that the document objectively testifies of absence of any significant organized anti-communist activity in Omsk in the first half of 1927. The focus of the work of the secret operational unit of the Omsk District Department of the OGPU in relation to anti-Soviet groups was surveyance of ex-White officers, mostly apolitical. This also confirms assessments of contemporary historians, courts, and prosecutors concerning fabricated cases of counter-revolutionary officer organizations in Omsk in the 1930s. The work may be of interest to researchers studying Russian society and activities of Soviet special services in the Stalin era.

Psychometric Properties of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) in Ecuadorian College Students

Objective: To analyse the internal structure of the 28-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), as well as its reliability and validity in relation to other variables in a sample of Ecuadorian university students. Method: Instrumental design with confirmatory factor analysis using weighted least square mean and variance adjusted (WLSMV) estimator, reliability and convergence and discrimination validity of the GHQ-28. Sample: 495 students (56.6% women), between 18 to 35 years old (M = 24.1 years; SD = 2.1), from three universities (59.6% public) in Ecuador. Results: The bifactor model of the GHQ-28 test has an adequate fit with χ2 = 357.81; p > .05; df = 322; χ2/df = 1.11; CFI = .991; TLI = .989; SRMR = .059; RMSEA = .015 [.000 – .023]; ωH = .93; ECV = .90; PUC = .78. The GHQ-28 is reliable and in terms of convergent validity, it correlates significantly and negatively with mental health, assessed by MHC-SF, and it is discriminant between risk and non-risk cases. Conclusion: The GHQ-28 bifactor model is replicable in Ecuadorian college students.

Impact of Nutritional Intervention on Taste Perception—A Scoping Review

The aim of the present scoping review was to evaluate the impact of experimental meal loads or observational diet changes/habits on taste tests in both healthy subjects and patients. A systematic search performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science electronic databases retrieved, respectively 2981, 6258, and 7555 articles from January 2000 to December 2020. A total of 17 articles were included for full-text review. Literature results were stratified according to the observational/interventional approach, the involvement of healthy subjects or patients, the taste test, and the meal/dietary changes. The present scoping review reinforced the notions postulating that certain taste tests (for example focusing on fatty acid, salt, or sugar) might be specifically influenced by the nutritional intervention and that other ones might be susceptible to a wide span of changes beyond the extent of tastant included in the specific food changes. This could also depend on the inhomogeneity of literature trend: The short duration of the intervention or the random type of meal load, unsuitability of the taste test chosen, and the presence of underlying disorders. Future studies for a better comprehension of taste tests reliability in relation to specific food changes are thus to be fostered.