Reliable Criteria Research Articles

АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ОЦЕНКИ ДОСТОВЕРНОСТИ ВЫВОДОВ ЭКСПЕРТА В ГРАЖДАНСКОМ СУДОПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ

A forensic examination is appointed when considering a case in civil proceedings in situations requiring the use of special knowledge. The expert's conclusions on these issues, made as a result of expert research, are evidence and are evaluated by the court together with the rest of the evidence. At the same time, the court's assessment of expert conclusions by the criterion of reliability causes problems, since it requires knowledge from the court and participants in the trial that they do not possess. A possible solution to this problem may be to delegate to the court the right to review the expert opinion

Factors associated with successful electrolarynx use after total laryngectomy, a multi-institutional study.

To identify characteristics associated with successful electrolarynx (EL) use after total laryngectomy (TL). Records of 196 adults who underwent TL from 03/15/2012 to 03/15/2022 at the University of Washington and Puget Sound Veterans Affairs were reviewed. Characteristics included age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, social support, pre-operative radiation (RT) and chemoradiation (CRT), and 6-month post-TL swallow status. EL success was evaluated using pre-defined criteria of intelligibility, reliability, and independence with use. Poisson regressions and robust standard error estimates were used to estimate unadjusted risk ratios for each characteristic. Statistically significant characteristics were included in multivariate analysis (MVA) to estimate adjusted risk ratios. Median age was 64, median Charlson Comorbidity Index was 5, 170 (87%) were male, 159 (81%) had high social support, and 159 (81%) attained post-TL full-oral diet. Pre-operatively, 110 (56%) had RT, including 55 (28%) with CRT. Ninety-three (47%) met our criteria for EL success. Characteristics significantly associated with EL success included social support (p = .037) and post-TL full-oral diet (p = .037); both approached significance on MVA. EL success varied by pre-operative treatment on univariate (p = .005) and MVA (p = .014). Compared to no prior RT or CRT, the probability of EL success was 29% higher with prior RT and 29% lower with prior CRT in MVA, although these associations did not reach significance. In this retrospective review, EL success correlated with high social support, post-TL full-oral diet, and pre-operative treatment history. These results warrant validation in a larger prospective study to help guide the choice of voice rehabilitation modalities or intensified speech therapy. 4.

Living with trimethylaminuria and body and breath malodour: personal perspectives

BackgroundMany people suffer from body and breath malodour syndromes. One of these is trimethylaminuria, a condition characterized by excretion in breath and bodily fluids of trimethylamine, a volatile and odorous chemical that has the smell of rotting fish. Trimethylaminuria can be primary, due to mutations in the gene encoding flavin-containing monooxygenase 3, or secondary, due to various causes. To gain a better understanding of problems faced by United Kingdom residents affected by body and breath malodour conditions, we conducted a survey.MethodsTwo anonymous online surveys, one for adults and one for parents/guardians of affected children, were conducted using the Opinio platform. Participants were invited via a trimethylaminuria advisory website. Questions were a mix of dropdown, checkbox and open-ended responses. Forty-four adults and three parents/guardians participated. The dropdown and checkbox responses were analysed using the Opinio platform.ResultsAll participants reported symptoms of body/breath odour. However, not all answered every question. Twenty-three respondents experienced difficulties in being offered a diagnostic test for trimethylaminuria. Problems encountered included lack of awareness of the disorder by medical professionals and reluctance to recognise symptoms. Of those tested, 52% were diagnosed with trimethylaminuria. The main problems associated with living with body/breath malodours were bullying, harassment and ostracism in either the workplace (90%) or in social settings (88%). All respondents thought their condition had disadvantaged them in their daily lives. Open-ended responses included loss of confidence, stress, exclusion, isolation, loneliness, depression and suicidal thoughts. Respondents thought their lives could be improved by greater awareness and understanding of malodour conditions by medical professionals, employers and the general public, and appreciation that the malodour was due to a medical condition and not their fault.ConclusionsBreath and body malodour conditions can cause immense hardship and distress, both mentally and socially, having devastating effects on quality of life. It would be advantageous to establish a standardised pathway from primary care to a specialist unit with access to a robust and reliable test and diagnostic criteria. There is a need to recognise malodour disorders as a disability, giving affected individuals the same rights as those with currently recognised disabilities.

An evaluation of intensive care nurses' performance of indirect calorimetry measurements.

Indirect calorimetry (IC) is the gold standard to monitor energy expenditure in critically ill patients. In several intensive care units (ICUs), nurses are responsible for carrying out the measurements. The aim of this study was to assess nurses' perception of their involvement in IC. This was a prospective survey conducted in the surgical ICU of a French university hospital after 18 months of use of the Q-NRG + ® calorimeter (COSMED©, Italy). All nurses who have used the calorimeter in the previous 6 months in this ICU were questioned through a questionnaire about their theoretical and practical knowledge and experience in using it. The participation rate was 93% (28/30 surveyed). All the respondents understood the objectives of performing an IC and 23 of them (82%) had used the device at least once in the previous 6 months. All the users thought it was pertinent that ICU nurses were in charge of the IC measurements, 16 of them (70%) reported having been formally trained, mostly by a colleague, and 17 (77%) felt comfortable with the device after 2 to 5 uses. The five non-users (8%) did not have the opportunity to do so. Theoretical and practical knowledge could be improved as only 5 of the users (22%) declared to know the main criteria of reliability of the IC measurement and 4 of them (18%) declared to know the maintenance and cleaning protocol of the device. Nurses quickly felt comfortable with the Q-NRG + ® in this ICU. Formal initial and ongoing training of all staff completing IC is essential to perform IC measurements safely and to obtain reliable and interpretable results in practice. Involving the nursing team in nutritional care, even if it is technical, seems to bring satisfaction in terms of overall patient care.

Quality index for school meal menus: review and validation

The Quality Index for School Meal Menus (Índice de Qualidade para Cardápios da Alimentação Escolar – IQCAE) is a tool that considers the nutritional and cultural dimensions of the menu. The IQCAE validation process showed the need to update it according to current resolutions and the planetary health emergency. To review and validate the new version of the IQCAE. This methodological study used a convenience sample of 425 municipalities proportionally distributed across the regions of Brazil, with 2,125 school menus offered from Monday to Friday. The tool was reviewed in two stages: the creation of a group of expert researchers and the analysis of the theoretical framework to define the components of the reviewed index. Criterion validity, structural validity, reliability, and reproducibility were assessed for validation. The IQCAE-R has 14 components, and its criterion validity is supported by moderate agreement between the experts’ evaluation and its application to the menus. Regarding reproducibility, the mean scores of the evaluators showed no difference, showing that the tool provides the same result when applied repeatedly. Internal consistency was verified using the Spearman correlation, which ranged from weak to very strong. Finally, exploratory factor analysis was satisfactory for most items. The IQCAE-R met the validity and reliability criteria for evaluating school menus and incorporates sustainability components, current recommendations, and current PNAE guidelines.

Tourmaline as an indicator for pegmatite evolution and exploration: A case study from the Chakabeishan deposit, northeastern Tibetan Plateau

To assess the potential of tourmaline as an indicator for pegmatite evolution and exploration, we measured and compared the geochemical compositions in tourmalines of the barren, Be-rich and Li-rich pegmatites from the Chakabeishan (CKBS) deposit, eastern North Qaidam Tectonic Belt, northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Two types of tourmalines from the barren pegmatites are identified: optically homogeneous fine-grain tourmalines (H-Tur) and optically zoned coarse-grain tourmalines (OZ-Tur). Both H-Tur and OZ-Tur are of magmatic origin, showing high Na/(Na + Ca) (0.961–0.990), YAl (0.389–0.757 apfu) and low Mg/(Fe + Mg) (0.085–0.230). The core-to-rim δ11B increase within H-Tur and OZ-Tur, together with the enrichment of 11B from H-Tur (crystallized earlier) to OZ-Tur, indicates that fluids were unsaturated in the evolution of barren pegmatites. Compared to H-Tur and OZ-Tur, tourmalines from the Be- and Li-rich pegmatites show higher Nb/Sc (>3:4) and lower Mn/Zn (<1:1), Mn/Li (<3:1), and Sc/Li (<1:500), which are useful indirect criteria of distinction between the fertile and the barren pegmatites. The reliable tourmaline geochemical criteria for further distinguishing the Li-rich from the Be-rich pegmatites are Pb/Sr < 0.11, Nb/Sr < 0.15, and Pb/Co < 4. A compilation suggests that diagrams of (V + Sr)-(Li + Zn), Li-Zn/Sr, Sn/10Nb-Li-100Nb, and Zn/Sn-Li/10Sc-5Sc could discriminate tourmalines of granite-related pegmatite-type Li deposits from those of other deposits and rocks, showing implications for determining prospective areas for further Li-rich pegmatite exploration by using tourmalines recovered from surface sediments.

Development of 8 MVA class Power Stack for Offshore Wind Power Conversion

Offshore wind power generation is one of the viable solutions for the safety of energy consumption, and the growing concerns for environmental protection and the petroleum crisis. The advantages of wind power generation which are comparatively stable wind speed in the sea, fewer developing interest relative sides, and non-trying for land with other projects, large scale of offshore wind farm building becomes a new trend for wind power industry. Offshore wind power can becomes a viable alternative only if that is able to meet certain reliability, performance, and cost criteria. In this paper, the authors developed and evaluated power stack by considering their influence on the performance. The evaluations is demonstrated experimentally

Reliability-constrained capacity market design with high proportions of renewable energies

Renewable energy generation (REG) has continued to grow strongly and resulted in the lower profitability of conventional generation. Meanwhile, the indeterminacy of REG will also lead to electricity balancing challenges and more volatile and less-predictable physical flows in the power grid. In this case, a capacity market is essential to motivate new investments and, therefore, ensure supply adequacy. Considering the low-carbon transition goal and the requirements of the reliability of the power system, this paper develops a reliability-constrained capacity market framework in which the reliability criterion rather than the capacity supply–demand equilibrium is taken into account. The ramping constraints, devices’ random failures, and REG uncertainties are comprehensively considered in the capacity requirement determination and allocation. First, a comprehensive capacity market mechanism coordinated with multi-objective regulations is proposed to compensate the capacity providers and encourage the renewable energy transition. Then, a novel capacity market model is proposed to clear the market with reliability constraints. Moreover, to reduce the computational burden caused by the explicit consideration of reliability constraints, several techniques are applied including the root-event-based state screening technique and the adaptive Kriging metamodel. A modified IEEE-RTS-79 case is studied to illustrate the benefits of the proposed reliability-constrained capacity market model.

Alcohol use disorder and fitness to drive: Discrepancies between health professionals' evaluations and objective measures of alcohol use and cognitive functioning.

Aims: In this study, we investigated if health professionals' evaluations of driving ability corresponded with measures of severity of alcohol use and measures of cognitive functions necessary for safely driving a car. Methods: A total of 90 participants from a multicentre study were included. Participants were categorised into three groups: (1) the group judged fit to drive (FIT); (2) the group judged not fit to drive (UNFIT); and (3) the group who had lost their driver's licence due to legal sanctions (LEGAL). The participants' AUDIT scores, earlier treatment episodes and results from neuropsychological tests of reaction time, attention and visuospatial ability were included in the analyses. Results: We found a significant difference in the severity of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and visuospatial abilities between the FIT and UNFIT groups. Half of the UNFIT group had at least mild visuospatial difficulties, compared to only a quarter in the FIT group. There were no group differences in reaction time or attentional measures. The LEGAL group had more severe AUD than the other groups. Conclusion: The FIT group did not perform differently from the UNFIT group on attention and reaction time measures. The UNFIT group had more visuospatial impairments, but even half of this group had normal scores. It is uncertain whether the differences between the two groups are of practical significance. The quality of health professionals' evaluations may be questioned, and the results highlight the need for more reliable and valid criteria for doing fitness to drive evaluations.

Design and Maintenance Optimisation of Substation Automation Systems: A Multiobjectivisation Approach Exploration

Substation automation systems (SAS) are critical infrastructures whose design and maintenance must be optimised to guarantee a suitable performance. In order to provide a collection of solutions that balance availability and cost, this paper explores the optimisation of the design and maintenance of a section of SAS. Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms are combined with discrete event simulation while the performance of two state-of-the-art multiobjective evolutionary algorithms is studied. On the one hand, the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II), and on the other hand, the S-metric selection evolutionary multiobjective optimisation algorithm (SMS-EMOA). Such a problem is solved from 2 and 3-objective approaches by attending to the multiobjectivisation concept. The robustness of the methodology is brought to light, and benefits were observed from the multiobjectivisation approach. Decision-makers can employ this knowledge to make informed decisions based on economic and reliability criteria.

Patterns of remission from alcohol dependence in the United Kingdom: results from an online panel general population survey

BackgroundPrevious research has demonstrated that remissions from alcohol use disorders can occur without accessing treatment. The current study explored the prevalence of such untreated remissions in the UK and further, examined the extent to which people who resolved an alcohol use disorder regarded themselves as ever, or currently, being in recovery.MethodsParticipants were recruited using the Prolific online platform. Participants who met criteria for lifetime alcohol dependence (ICD-10) were asked about their drinking at its heaviest, use of treatment services, whether they identified as being in recovery, and their current alcohol consumption (to identify those who were abstinent or drinking in a moderate fashion).ResultsA total of 3,994 participants completed surveys to identify 166 participants with lifetime alcohol dependence who were currently abstinent (n = 67) or drinking in a moderate fashion (n = 99). Participants who were currently abstinent were more likely to have accessed treatment than those who were currently moderate drinkers (44.4% versus 16.0%; Fischer’s exact test = 0.001). Further, those who were abstinent were heavier drinkers prior to remission [Mean (SD) drinks per week = 53.6 (31.7) versus 29.1 (21.7); t-test = 5.6, 118.7 df, p < .001] and were more likely to have ever identified themselves as ‘in recovery’ (51.5% versus 18.9%; Fischer’s exact test = 0.001) than current moderate drinkers.ConclusionsWhile participants with an abstinent remission were more likely than those currently drinking in a moderate fashion to have accessed treatment and to identify as being ‘in recovery,’ the majority of participants reduced their drinking without treatment (and did not regard themselves as in recovery).

A review of wireless body area networks

&lt;span&gt;The widespread adoption of wireless body area network (WBAN) in healthcare presents opportunities to meet the increasing demand for medical services. WBAN enables continuous real-time (RT) monitoring through biomedical sensor nodes positioned in or around a patient's body, collecting vital physiological data. In addition, WBAN imposes stringent criteria for energy efficiency and reliability throughout data collection and transmission. This review paper places significant emphasis on the fundamental concept and essential characteristics of WBAN technology. First, the WBAN features, including architecture, sensor nodes types and network topology is presented. Then, the study explores a wide variety of communication standards and multiple access (MA) mechanism deployed in this technology. Moreover, it discusses open research and challenging issues such as heterogeneous traffic, quality of services (QoS), energy consumption, reliability, interference management, and human body movements effect. Finally, the paper is concluded, and future directions are identified in this evolving field of human health monitoring technology.&lt;/span&gt;

Assessing the Impact of Mission Shakti on Women Entrepreneurship through Financial Inclusion: A Study in the Context of Odisha

The study seeks to assess the relationship between financial inclusion and women entrepreneurship in the context of Mission Shakti in Odisha. It aims to evaluate the impact of Mission Shakti on women entrepreneurship. The study employs empirical techniques and utilises statistical tools, such as Structural Equation Model, to analyse the collected data. Statistical software like AMOS, SPSS and Excel is being utilised. The primary data is gathered from 499 respondents. The study explores three key constructs: Financial Inclusion, Women Entrepreneurship and Mission Shakti, using Exploratory Factor Analysis. The results of the measurement model indicate that all constructs meet the criteria for validity and reliability. Furthermore, the study finds a significant positive impact of Mission Shakti on women entrepreneurship. This research contributes to the existing knowledge in the field of financial inclusion, Mission Shakti and women entrepreneurship through multivariate analysis. The study emphasises the practical implications of employing modern statistical techniques and primary data for future research in the areas of financial inclusion, Mission Shakti and women entrepreneurship.

Identifying Components and Dimensions of Effective Art Education Teaching

Purpose: This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the components and dimensions of effective art education teaching. Methodology: This research is an applied-developmental study in terms of its objective and a non-experimental (descriptive) study in terms of data collection method, utilizing a cross-sectional survey approach. A qualitative research design was employed to achieve the research objective. The qualitative participant community included professors, teachers, school administrators, and art education specialists in Iraq, selected through purposive sampling. Ultimately, theoretical saturation was achieved after 10 interviews. The qualitative validity was evaluated and confirmed based on Lincoln and Guba's four criteria of credibility, transferability, confirmability, and dependability from the reviewers' perspective. The reliability of the coding of the conducted interviews was estimated using Holsti's coefficient at 0.712, which is considered acceptable. For data analysis, the grounded theory method was utilized in MAXQDA software, and with the extraction of the main and sub-categories of the research, the final model was presented. Findings: In the present study, the components and dimensions of effective art education teaching were identified to provide a model for art education teachers in Iraq. A total of 210 initial codes were extracted from the interview texts. Through coding, eight concepts and 45 sub-categories were identified, and by classifying these themes into similar categories, eight main categories were recognized. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, the paradigmatic model of the research was determined. Causal conditions, including educational content, factors related to the teacher, and teaching style, affect the central phenomenon, which is effective art education teaching. This component, along with contextual conditions, including educational infrastructure and intervening conditions, such as the status of art in society, leads to strategies and actions, including educational policymaking, resulting in the outcome of drafting the art curriculum charter in Iraq.

Alcohol Dependence, Treatment Seeking, and Treatment Preferences Among Elderly: A Qualitative Study.

In Sweden, alcohol consumption has increased among people aged 65 years and older. Among older adults, 2.7% of men and 1.6% of women fulfill criteria for alcohol dependence. The large majority do not seek treatment. Little is known about treatment seeking among older adults with alcohol dependence. The aim of this study was to describe elderly's views on alcohol dependence, treatment seeking, and treatment preferences. Possible gender differences will also be explored. Between December 2017 and March 2018, two focus group interviews and 10 individual interviews were conducted, using semistructured interviews. In total, 13 elderly participated. Data were analyzed using the framework approach. Two themes and five subthemes were identified: (a) "regret and feelings of shame when losing control" consisting of two subthemes, namely, (1) loss of control over your alcohol consumption and (2) regret and feelings of shame, and (b) "taking back control over your life" consisting of three subthemes, namely, (1) becoming aware that you have problematic alcohol use, (2) to seek help for alcohol dependence, and (3) views on treatment options and treatment settings. Increased alcohol use was attributed to a decrease in responsibility and belonging. Alcohol dependence was associated with shame and stigma, which was especially strong for women. Preferred treatments were tailored for the individual, rather than to general factors such as age or gender. Moreover, important components of treatment were to be met with respect, continuity, and controlled drinking as a treatment goal. Future research should focus on interventions to reduce stigma and the development of patient-centered treatments.

Validity of self-reported sleep duration in the Cancer Prevention Study- 3.

We examined the one-year test re-test reliability and validity criterion of survey-assessed sleep duration collected from two separate questions. The Activity Validation Sub Study included 751 participants of the Cancer Prevention Study-3 study to further investigate rest/activity cycles. Sleep duration was collected using three methods: survey, Daysimeter device, and sleep diary. Survey-assessed sleep duration was collected using 2 different questions, each with different response options (categorical and continuous). Selected participants (n = 170) were asked to wear a Daysimeter device for seven consecutive days for two non-consecutive quarters. Participants were excluded from the current study due to incomplete/implausible survey or device data or reported working night shift. We calculated reliability of pre- and post-survey sleep duration for both survey question using Spearman correlation. We used the method of triads to estimate the validity coefficient (VC) between the three sleep duration measurements in the present study and the "true" latent sleep duration measure, and bootstrapping methods to calculate the 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Of 119 participants included in the study (52.10% male), test-retest correlation showed strong and moderate correlations for sleep duration collected continuously and categorically, respectively. The VC for survey-assessed continuous sleep duration was 0.82 (95%CI 0.71, 0.90) for weekday and 0.68 (95%CI 0.46, 0.83) for weekend. Performance of the VC was slightly weaker for survey-assessed categorical sleep duration (weekday VC = 0.57 95%CI 0.42, 0.71; weekend VC = 0.47 95%CI 0.29, 0.62). The two survey-assessed sleep duration questions used in the AVSS and CPS-3 cohorts are valid approximations of sleep duration.

A Rare Case of Pleomorphic Adenoma in the Left Submandibular Salivary Gland

Pleomorphic adenomas, which are benign tumours of the salivary glands, are most commonly found in the parotid gland and comparatively infrequently seen in the submandibular gland. These benign mixed tumours, known as pleomorphic tumours, are composed of different types of myoepithelium, epithelium, and mesenchyme. Regardless of the histologic type, parotid gland neoplasms result in distinct swellings in front of and below the ear. With the exception of neglected malignant tumours, both benign and malignant lesions are normally palpable when they are first discovered. Malignancies are often discovered more quickly due to their rapid growth, even though benign tumours are known to exist for many months to years before gaining clinical attention. Ultimately, there are no reliable clinical criteria to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions. A 58-year-old female patient presented to the general surgery outpatient department with a six-month history of a firm, palpable, slow-growing, painless, freely mobile mass in the submandibular region that was not attached to the surrounding tissue, bone, or skin. There was no significant past history, and the patient was not on any medication. Axial and coronal views of the Computed Tomography (CT) scan showed a well-defined radiolucent mass in the medial aspect of the left submandibular gland. The patient underwent surgical exploration and excision of the mass under general anaesthesia, and the excised specimen was sent for histopathological examination. The entire gland was dissected freely and removed, with utmost care taken not to affect the nearby neurovascular structures. No enlarged lymph nodes were noted. The histopathological examination of the biopsy specimen revealed features of pleomorphic adenoma. Surgery is the treatment of choice for pleomorphic adenoma, and the tumour tissue must be completely removed because any residual tumour tissue has a high risk of recurrence or transformation into a malignant tumour. The patient was followed up for more than two years with no signs of recurrence.

Fifth Grade Elementary Science Psychomotor Assessment Instruments

The lack of variation in the assessment of the psychomotor domain in science learning in elementary schools and the need for appropriate assessment instruments in online practical learning. The study aimed to analyze the quality of the development of the psychomotor assessment instrument for fifth-grade elementary school children on limb material. This type of research is development research. The subjects of this study were 87 students in grade 5 elementary school. Retrieval of data with self-assessment sheets was carried out using the Google form. The questionnaire consists of 10 statement items with four answer choices. Sampling technique with purposive sampling. The criteria used in the decision were: 5th-grade elementary school students who had studied limb material. Content validity was verified using Aiken's V formula and construct validity using EFA. Calculation of instrument reliability using the Alpha Cronbach formula. The results of this study are that the psychomotor domain assessment instrument has valid and reliable instrument criteria. The instrument used has a validity value in the "Very valid" category and a reliability value in the "High" category. It can be concluded that the use of psychomotor assessment with nine development steps for elementary science learning can be used properly.

ACADEMIC RESILIENCE OF STUDENTS. VERIFICATION OF THE ADAPTATION OF THE UKRAINIAN VERSION OF THE ACADEMIC RESILIENCE SCALE (ARS-30ukr ) AMONG FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS OF BORYS GRINCHENKO KYIV METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY

Introduction. When studying the academic resilience of students, well-known scientists mainly use the Academic Resilience Scale, ARS-30. A review of available Internet sources shows that such a study is taking place in Ukraine for the first time. The aim of the study is to check the reliability of the Ukrainian version of the Academic Resilience Scale (ARS-30ukr) for students of higher educational institutions and to compare it with other studies regarding its validity. Material and methods. With their consent, 400 students who studied in the first year of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University were examined. The age of the examinees is 17-18 years, 80.3% are women, 19.7% are men. The survey was conducted according to the Ukrainian version of the Academic Resilience Scale (ARS-30ukr), the translation and previous research on its adequacy for the Ukrainian-speaking environment are our own. IBM SPSS Statistics software was used for statistical data processing. Results. The connections of the elements of the correlation matrix with high statistical significance (Determinant = 2.187E-11) were studied. Additional tests indicate sufficient adequacy (Kaiser-Meier-Olkin test = 0.972) and high sphericity (Barlett's test = 9527.9, p ˂ 0.001) of the sample. Cronbach's alpha, which is a reliability coefficient and a measure of the internal consistency of the items, for the subscale "perseverance" is excellent and is 0.95, for the subscales "reflecting and adaptive help-seeking" and "negative affect and emotional response" is good and is 0.90 and 0.85, respectively. Conclusions. The established values of the criteria of reliability and structural validity of the Ukrainian version of the Academic Resilience Scale (ARS-30ukr) testify to its good psychometric properties for the case study of students. The Ukrainian-language version of the ARS-30ukr questionnaire can be recommended for use in a Ukrainian-speaking social environment to study the academic resilience of higher education applicants.

Enhancer Activation by Transcription Factors and Underlying Mechanisms.

Enhancers are classified into two classes based on various criteria. Class I enhancers participate primarily in finely tuned cell-specific regulation, as exemplified by the neural enhancers discussed in Chap. 9 . They are activated by simultaneous binding of transcription factors (TFs) to adjacent sites in the core sequence and are marked by moderate levels of H3K27ac modification. Class II enhancers are activated by the reiterated binding of the same TFs at multiple sites and are marked by high levels of H3K27ac modification. Class II enhancers are exemplified by enhancers in the SCR downstream of the Sox2 gene, as also discussed in Chap. 9 . Both classes of enhancers activate transcription similarly with low selectivity toward the promoters.The genomic loci broadly covered by high-level H3K27ac modification were once dubbed "Super-enhancers," implying that they are densely packed enhancers with superpowers in gene regulation. However, marking with H3K27ac modification does not predict the enhancer activity of a sequence; a "Super enhancer" region includes a few ordinary Class II enhancers. Currently, the most reliable criterion for enhancer prediction is cross-species sequence conservation.The mechanism by which transcription factors find and stay on the target enhancer site remains elusive. Results from two approaches, single-molecule live imaging and kinetic analysis using FRAP, are discussed.