Relevant Texts Research Articles

Non-Maximal Definites in Romance

Mainly based on data from Old Spanish and Modern Francoprovençal, this paper discusses a hitherto underresearched use of the Romance definite article that cannot straightforwardly be explained by recurring to any of the standard analyses of semantic definiteness, i.e., maximality and/or familiarity. We show that such weakly referential definites are definites with representative object interpretations licensed by the kind-oriented mode of talk and not short weak definites. They denote inherently non-specific, semantically number neutral regular objects whose only co(n)textual relevance is their being typical instantiations of their corresponding kind. Representative object definites are shown to be favored by ‘habitual’ readings of the predicate (and text genres like recipes, treatises, narratives about what people used to do in former times, etc.). In Francoprovençal, this is the case especially in the scope of non-perfective verb tenses in prepositional or presentational complements and sometimes in direct objects. In Old Spanish, non-maximal definites often occur in the scope of non-assertive mood (imperative/subjunctive, due to the genre of recipes), while, at the same time, introducing important discourse referents. In addition, in the latter language such definites are demonstrated to be positively susceptible to priming by preceding non-maximal definites.

Corrigendum: Bio-optical properties of the Brazilian Abrolhos Bank’s shallow coral-reef waters

• please read through all the templates before choosing • pick the most relevant text template(s) from the following page and delete all others.• edit the text as necessary, ensuring that the original incorrect text is included for the record, please see the below. • please do not use any extra formatting when editing the templates, and only modify the red text unless absolutely necessary • submit to Frontiers following the instructions on this page.When the original text contained incorrect information, to preserve the scientific record, please include that text when editing the below templates. For example:There was a mistake in the Funding statement, an incorrect number was used. The correct number is "2015C03Bd051.". The publisher apologizes for this mistake.The original version of this article has been updated.In the published article, there was a mistake in the Funding statement.

Surgical Training for Civilian Surgeons Interested in Humanitarian Surgery: A Scoping Review

IntroductionHumanitarian surgery is essential to surgical care in limited resource settings. The difficulties associated with resource constraints necessitate special training for civilian surgeons to provide care in these situations. Specific training or curricula for humanitarian surgeons are not well described in the literature. This scoping review summarizes the existing literature and identifies areas for potential improvement. MethodsA review of articles describing established courses for civilian surgeons interested in humanitarian surgery, as well as those describing training of civilian surgeons in conflict zones, was performed. A total of 4808 abstracts were screened by two independent reviewers, and 257 abstracts were selected for full-text review. Articles describing prehospital care and military experience were excluded from the full-text review. ResultsOf the eight relevant full texts, 10 established courses for civilian surgeons were identified. Cadaver-based teaching combined with didactics were the most common course themes. Courses provided technical education focused on the management of trauma and burns as well as emergencies in orthopedics, neurosurgery, obstetrics, and gynecology. Other courses were in specialty surgery, mainly orthopedics. Two fellowship programs were identified, and these provide a different model for training humanitarian surgeons. ConclusionsHumanitarian surgery is often practiced in austere environments, and civilian surgeons must be adequately trained to first do no harm. Current programs include cadaver-based courses focused on enhancing trauma surgery and surgical subspecialty skills, with adjunctive didactics covering resource allocation in austere environments. Fellowships programs may serve as an avenue to provide a more standardized education and a reliable pipeline of global surgeons.

Corrigendum: Assessment of the oceanic channel dynamics responsible for the IOD-ENSO precursory teleconnection in CMIP5 climate models

• please read through all the templates before choosing• pick the most relevant text template(s) from the following page and delete all others.• edit the text as necessary, ensuring that the original incorrect text is included for the record, please see the below.• please do not use any extra formatting when editing the templates, and only modify the red text unless absolutely necessary• submit to Frontiers following the instructions on this page.When the original text contained incorrect information, to preserve the scientific record, please include that text when editing the below templates.There was a mistake in the Funding statement, an incorrect number was used. The correct number is "2015C03Bd051.". The publisher apologizes for this mistake.The original version of this article has been updated.Corrigendum on: Xu T, Yuan D and Wang J (2022) Assessment of the oceanic channel dynamics responsible for the IOD-ENSO precursory teleconnection in CMIP5 climate models. Front. Clim. 4:996343. doi: 10.3389/fclim.2022.996343 In the published article, there was an error regarding the affiliations for Dongliang Yuan. As well as having affiliations, they should have Affiliation as follows:Tengfei Xu 1,2,3 , Dongliang Yuan 4,1,2,3* and Jing Wang 4Template continues on the next page

Corrigendum: Current status and trends of research on microplastic fugacity characteristics and pollution levels in mangrove wetlands

• please read through all the templates before choosing• pick the most relevant text template(s) from the following page and delete all others.• edit the text as necessary, ensuring that the original incorrect text is included for the record, please see the below.• please do not use any extra formatting when editing the templates, and only modify the red text unless absolutely necessary • submit to Frontiers following the instructions on this page.When the original text contained incorrect information, to preserve the scientific record, please include that text when editing the below templates.There was a mistake in the Funding statement, an incorrect number was used. The correct number is "2015C03Bd051.". The publisher apologizes for this mistake.The original version of this article has been updated.In the published article, there was a mistake in the Funding statement. The funding statement for the Key Development Project of the Department of Science and Technology was displayed as "2015CBd051". The correct statement is "Key Development Project of Department of Science and Technology (2015C03Bd051).''In the published article, there was an error in the legend for [Figure 1, Figure 2

Rethinking the Interdependence of Buddhism and the State in Late Edo and Meiji Japan

This article asks how the Buddhist paradigm of the interdependence between the Buddha’s law and the ruler’s law was modified over the centuries and reinterpreted by nineteenth-century authors in the face of rapid political, social, and epistemic changes. An analysis of relevant texts reveals continuities as well as discontinuities. While the paradigm’s basic function of guaranteeing autonomy and protection to Buddhist institutions remained largely unchanged, remarkable transformations in the argumentation are evident. Despite, or because of, the precarious position of Buddhism in the early Meiji period, Buddhist authors from this era choose an apologetic strategy. With some slight differences, they emphasize almost exclusively the intramundane benefits of Buddhism and thus defend themselves against the accusation that Buddhism is solely relevant to otherworldly matters. The most radical innovation, however, is the assertion that all secular norms and rules of governance are ultimately Buddhist in origin.

Using Grounded Theory to Identify Online Public Opinion in China to Improve Risk Management-The Case of COVID-19.

During the outbreak of COVID-19, online public opinion related to the epidemic was rapidly generated and developed rapidly. If some online public opinions cannot be effectively responded to and guided, it will bring risks to social order. The government should understand how to use information on social media to grasp public demands, provide useful information in a timely manner and take countermeasures. Studying the formation mechanism of online public opinion during the outbreak can help the government make scientific decisions and improve risk management capabilities. The research selects the public opinion information of online platforms represented by WeChat, online communities, Sina Weibo and search engines, involving 75 relevant texts (1 January to 31 March 2022). According to the grounded theory method, using the QSR NVivo12 qualitative research software, the collected network texts were successively researched using open coding, axial coding and theoretical coding. The structure of online public opinion during the COVID-19 epidemic was obtained. The operation mechanism of the online public opinion system about COVID-19 was mainly affected by the interaction of online public opinion objects, online public opinion subjects, online public opinion intermediaries and government forces. It was based on social facts and citizens' appeals as the starting point, subject behaviors and prevention and control measures as the focus, government's governance as macro-control and citizens' evaluation as the guide. Scientific analysis of online public opinion is an important tool to identify and manage risks and improve the quality of government activities. Online public opinion has the function of assisting government decision-making, and the government can identify the important information reflected in it, especially the mainstream public opinion, as a reference for decision-making. By taking effective measures and properly responding to citizens' reasonable demands, the government can prevent social risks and avoid new negative public opinions. Contributions: According to the characteristics of the basic model of online public opinion, this study provides risk mitigation suggestions for Chinese public sectors to use online public opinion, optimize epidemic prevention policies and formulate strategic measures.

Corrigendum: Formation of calcium chloride brines in volcaniclastic-rich sediments

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A systematic review of strategies adopted to scale up COVID-19 testing in low-, middle- and high-income countries

ObjectiveWe undertook a systematic review of strategies adopted to scale up COVID-19 testing in countries across income levels to identify successful approaches and facilitate learning.MethodsScholarly articles in English from PubMed,...

Connecting sufficiency, materialism and the good life? Christian, Muslim and Hindu-based perspectives on EU-level

This article analyzes Christian, Muslim, and Hindu-based discourses and practices in relation to sufficiency, materialism, and the good life in the context of the European Union. The current political and scholarly debate emphasizes the need for a sustainability transformation and, more specifically, for reductions in resource use by the global consumer class. Within this discussion, the different approaches to and interpretations of the various facets of ecology and materialism, and the links between them, have become the primary focus. Questions about what a “good life”, as opposed to a consumerist lifestyle, means and the need to focus on sufficiency rather than efficiency are being (re-)considered. Given that religions and faith-based actors (FBAs) play an essential role as interpreters of norms and values in societies, especially when societies are facing particular challenges, it is important to understand how they communicate information about relevant ideas and actions. What do FBAs say about sustainable lifestyles, sufficiency, and the role of materialism vis-à-vis those two ideas? How do they relate it all to questions of faith? Do they use faith-based or secular idioms to address the ideas? How do FBAs relate the ideas to practices? To begin answering these questions, we here present a content analysis of relevant texts and supplement the finding thereof with an analysis of expert interviews. The results come mainly from faith-based actors active on the EU level. Nevertheless, some of the actors also operate globally, which is why a clear, sharp regional separation is not entirely possible. This article identifies and explores the role of faith-based ideas and practices in maneuvering toward one of the most substantial societal challenges in this period of late capitalism and its materialist dimension. The regional focus imposes limitations on the scope of the religions in our sample, which is most evident in the case of Hinduism: here, it was only possible to include one organization in particular (Brahma Kumaris) in the empirical analysis. These practical limitations must therefore be taken into account when considering the scope of the results of this analysis.

Corrigendum: The influence of foreign direct investment and tourism on carbon emission in China

• please read through all the templates before choosing • pick the most relevant text template(s) from the following page and delete all others. • edit the text as necessary, ensuring that the original incorrect text is included for the record, please see the below. • please do not use any extra formatting when editing the templates, and only modify the red text unless absolutely necessary • submit to Frontiers following the instructions on this page.When the original text contained incorrect information, to preserve the scientific record, please include that text when editing the below templates. For example:There was a mistake in the Funding statement, an incorrect number was used. The correct number is "2015C03Bd051.". The publisher apologizes for this mistake.The original version of this article has been updated.In the published article, there was a mistake in the Funding statement. The funding statement for the Key Development Project of the Department of Science and Technology was displayed as "2015CBd051". The correct statement is "Key Development Project of Department of Science and Technology (2015C03Bd051).''

Educating pre-service school librarians about race, racism, and whiteness

The racial makeup of the field of school librarianship is overwhelmingly white, standing in stark contrast to the racial demographics of today’s K-12 student population in our nation. Studies of white educators working with racially minoritized students show many detrimental effects, including deficits-based thinking and lowered academic expectations, highlighting how vital it is that pre-service school librarians learn about topics of race, racism, and the effects of whiteness in their school library preparation programs. Set within a framework of Critical whiteness Studies, my doctoral research investigates the structural and individual factors that influence the ways that today’s pre-service school librarians are taught about topics of race, racism, and whiteness. My methodology includes interviews with school library program coordinators, course instructors, current school librarianship students, and recent graduates of school library programs, as well as document analysis of course syllabi, educator preparation standards, and other relevant texts.

Evidence on the social, economic, and environmental impact of interventions that facilitate bamboo industry development for sustainable livelihoods: a systematic map protocol

BackgroundBamboo has been identified as a potential instrument for socioeconomic development due to its fast growth, perceived environmental benefits, promising material properties, myriad applications, and relative underdevelopment as a global industrial product. Many projects and interventions have been carried out that aim to utilize bamboo’s social and environmental potential in development. However, critical evaluations that demonstrate this effect using real-world evidence and outcomes are rare, and existing case studies have not been collated and analyzed in a systematic way. The proposed systematic map aims to summarize and evaluate evidence on the social, economic, and environmental impact of bamboo industry development initiatives on beneficiary communities and ecosystems, and to identify priority areas for future funding and research.MethodsIn the proposed systematic map, we will collect and thematically categorize evidence on the social, environmental, and economic impact of bamboo development implementations, identifying themes, research gaps, and critical success factors. Literature discussing this type of intervention is published by researchers, organizations, and governments in academic journals, institutional reports, and program evaluations describing various socio-economic and environmental outcomes, impacts and metrics for success. Search sources for this systematic map therefore include bibliographic databases, institutional websites, web-based search engines, and expert consultation. Targeted search strings will be used to identify relevant texts in a two-step review process comprising an abstract and a full-text screening process. Sources describing interventions with a primary aim of bamboo industry development for social benefit that concluded between 1990 and 2021 will be sought. Metadata coded from these texts will be reviewed, categorized, and checked by two reviewers. Reviewers will be checked for consistency on batches of 30 articles using the Kappa interrater reliability test with a goal of a Kappa coefficient of 0.9. Metadata will be coded into different categories including outcomes and impacts using NVivo. Results of both quantitative and qualitative data analysis will be summarized in a searchable online database. Themes will be synthesized and explored in a narrative review and using simple logic models demonstrating theories of change for eligible case studies.

The Ritualization of Classic Confucian Spirit of Jing (Reverence and Respect): Evidence from Traditional Chinese Capping Ritual

In ancient China, all moral concepts are based on Li 禮 (ritual). Jing 敬 (reverence and respect) is one of the core categories of Confucian ritual spirituality and has rich ideological connotations. This study discusses how Confucianism realizes the ritualization of jing and constructs its symbolic system in the capping ritual to strengthen adult consciousness and social responsibility. First, based on relevant classic texts, we clarify the internal relationship between traditional ritual spirituality and jing. Then, we present an overview of the coming-of-age ceremony and discuss how religious beliefs and rituals incorporate Confucian ethical values and aesthetics. Finally, from the ritual uses of time, space, and behavior, we examine the meaning of jing in the specific practice of the traditional Chinese capping ritual and how it is conveyed to participants and observers through ritual implements and behaviors. The results show the capping ritual as an important life etiquette, and Confucianism injects the spirit of jing into every phase to cultivate an emotional response that will instantiate a moral ideal applicable to individuals and the state. In complex, modern societies, it is important to condense the Confucian spiritual connotation of jing and integrate it into modern coming-of-age rites.

Corrigendum: What affects China’s high-tech industry land misallocation: Government behavior or enterprise behavior?

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Investigating the Application of New Technologies in Dental Education: A Systematic Review

Technology provides many opportunities in distance education in the field of dentistry, while the need to use the most appropriate educational methods is well defined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of new technologies in dental education. This study was a review study by undertaking PRISMA guidelines that were performed by reviewing relevant texts by searching the databases of PubMed, Springer link, ProQuest, Wiley Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria included original and non-original articles related to the technology in dental education from 2016 to 2020. Finally, 23 studies were presented as the final sample of review, analysis, and results in the form of tables. Analysis of 23 studies showed that technologies such as digital simulation and Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality (VR/AR) combined with haptic technology could be very useful for teaching skills. Based on these studies, distance education 34.7% (n=8), dental technology 30.4% (n=7), VR & AR 17.3% (n=4), mobile learning8% (n=2), serious games 4% (n=1), and blended learning 4% (n=1) have been evaluated useful and effective in dental education. Technology offers many opportunities for teaching and learning solutions. Therefore, dental schools should use technology to support clinical and theoretical education. Digital assessment gadgets in restorative dentistry and dentures allow students to evaluate their performance in real time without direct surveillance.

Did Qoheleth Believe in an Afterlife?

Abstract Few ancient writers have written more poignantly of death’s finality than Qoheleth. Yet in Ecclesiastes 3:21 the sage asks a question that some scholars have taken to intimate at least a tinge of eschatological optimism on his part, purportedly under the influence of Hellenistic notions of the soul’s immortality. This paper offers an alternative to this ‘afterlife interpretation’ by arguing that the verse is most coherently read through a traditional Hebrew anthropology and conception of death without reference to Hellenistic influence. So read, the verse’s use of רוּחַ in fact makes no reference to a ‘soul’ or its afterlife, and we therefore have little reason to think Qoheleth was so much as agnostic regarding any form of conscious post-mortem existence. The paper further examines not only additional relevant texts in Ecclesiastes but also texts within later Hellenistic Jewish wisdom—Ben Sira, Wisdom of Solomon, and Pseudo-Phocylides. While Hellenistic notions of the soul and immortality would infiltrate Jewish sapiential thought through the latter two of these authors, their assumed anthropology evidences an intellectual genealogy that merely supplemented, rather than supplanted, the inherited Hebrew beliefs. They therefore lend credence to the likelihood that Qoheleth’s notion of the רוּחַ in Eccl. 3:21 was thoroughly traditional.

Enhancing Optical Character Recognition on Images with Mixed Text Using Semantic Segmentation

Optical Character Recognition has made large strides in the field of recognizing printed and properly formatted text. However, the effort attributed to developing systems that are able to reliably apply OCR to both printed as well as handwritten text simultaneously, such as hand-filled forms, is lackadaisical. As Machine printed/typed text follows specific formats and fonts while handwritten texts are variable and non-uniform, it is very hard to classify and recognize using traditional OCR only. A pre-processing methodology employing semantic segmentation to identify, segment and crop boxes containing relevant text on a given image in order to improve the results of conventional online-available OCR engines is proposed here. In this paper, the authors have also provided a comparison of popular OCR engines like Microsoft Cognitive Services, Google Cloud Vision and AWS recognitions. We have proposed a pixel-wise classification technique to accurately identify the area of an image containing relevant text, to feed them to a conventional OCR engine in the hopes of improving the quality of the output. The proposed methodology also supports the digitization of mixed typed text documents with amended performance. The experimental study shows that the proposed pipeline architecture provides reliable and quality inputs through complex image preprocessing to Conventional OCR, which results in better accuracy and improved performance.

Organization of administrative institutions and notions as a complete factor for the state

Needs for institutions of administrative law was present for a very long time. With the intention to fulfill this need I have drafted and systemized relevant categories of public administration, in that way that are dedicated to the standards of relevant texts from the field of law in general and of public administration in particular. In one way or another, these categories are unique, adapted to reformed educational programs. By having in mind the legal terminology in this field, the purpose is to unbuckle and study general notions and categories, in relevant fields of the law. Therefore, because of the mentioned reasons above, this educational treatise is defined to be used up to the issuance of new legislations of countries that have passed or still are in the transition phase, for example the Republic of Kosovo, the Republic of Albania, the Republic of Macedonia, of students of these countries, to whom the study of these categories is dedicated, in relevant universities where the law in general is studied.

Structure and coherence as challenges in composition: A study of assessing less proficient EFL writers’ text quality

Students are usually expected to write full texts in English as a foreign language (EFL) at the end of secondary education. However, research on EFL writing at school is scarce, especially regarding less proficient writers, and seldom focuses on deep-level text features such as structure and coherence. Based on a sample of 166 EFL students in Year 9 attending German middle and lower performance track schools, this study examined 326 narrative and argumentative texts. First, we assessed structure and coherence via analytic ratings using detailed rubrics to gain insights into possible challenges for students. Our analysis showed that relevant text parts (such as the conclusion) were mostly missing and that students struggled to establish a broad common thread with argumentative texts being overall less structured and coherent than narrative texts. Second, we used the software Comproved® to conduct holistic ratings of overall text quality and compared them with our analytic ratings. Large correlations between both ratings suggest that structure and coherence are important aspects of text quality. We discuss how our rubrics can serve as a useful tool for assessment for learning and assist less proficient writers in establishing deep-level features in their texts. • We developed analytic rating rubrics to assess text structure and coherence. • Secondary EFL students especially struggle with text structure besides coherence. • Students often omit conclusions and do not adhere to a main idea. • Structure and coherence relate to text quality according to holistic ratings. • Analytic rating rubrics may be used as a tool for assessment for learning in class.