Relevant Stakeholders Research Articles

Protocol of a scoping review of outcome domains in dermatology

IntroductionCore outcome sets (COSs) are agreed outcomes (domains (subdomains) and instruments) that should be measured as a minimum in clinical trials or practice in certain diseases or clinical fields. Worldwide,...

Racial disparities in the relationship of regional socioeconomic status and colorectal cancer survival in the five regions of Georgia.

The study's purpose was to examine 5-year colorectal cancer (CRC) survival rates between White and Black patients. We also determined whether regional socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with CRC survival between White and Black patients in the Clayton, West Central, East Central, Southeast, and Northeast Georgia public health districts. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis using data from the 1975 to 2016 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. The 2015 United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Services county typology codes were used to identify region-level SES with persistent poverty, low employment, and low education. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard regression were performed. Among 10,876 CRC patients (31.1% Black patients), 5-year CRC survival rates were lower among Black patients compared to White patients (65.4% vs. 69.9%; p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, White patients living in regions with persistent poverty had a 1.1-fold increased risk of CRC death (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.00-1.25) compared to those living in non-persistent poverty regions. Among Black patients, those living in regions with low education were at a 1.2-fold increased risk of CRC death (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.01-1.40) compared to those living in non-low education regions. Black patients demonstrated lower CRC survival rates in Georgia compared to their White counterparts. White patients living in regions with persistent poverty, and Black patients living in regions with low education had an increased risk of CRC death. Our findings provide important evidence to all relevant stakeholders in allocating health resources aimed at CRC early detection and prevention and timely referral for CRC treatment by considering the patient's regional SES in Georgia.

How Should Wet Market Practices Be Regulated to Curb Zoonotic Disease Transmission?

Consumption and trade of wild animals presents major zoonotic disease transmission risks. Policies that aim to limit these practices must balance environmental health against the fact that trade and consumption of wild animals are important sources of livelihood and food security for many people. This commentary on a case suggests how public health threats posed by the wild animal trade, wet markets, and bushmeat practices might guide policies and actions of relevant stakeholders. A One Health approach is offered to navigate competing interests and balance ethical concerns.

Towards integrated mental health services in low-income and middle-income countries: organisation of primary healthcare providers – a scoping review protocol

IntroductionMental health conditions constitute a significant percentage of the global burden of disease. A shortfall of mental health specialists and a lack of integration of services in primary care in...

School Leaders’ Leadership Practices and Their Influence on Crisis-Related Problem-Solving and Decision-Making: A Multi-Site Case Study

This study explores how the leadership practices of school leaders influence their ability to solve problems and make decisions effectively in times of crisis. It employs a qualitative research design where a series of semi-structured interviews were carried out with six secondary school leaders, ages 55 to 59, from three different education district offices (Pejabat Pendidikan Daerah or PPDs) in a northern Malaysian state. Each participant has at least 30 years of experience in education and has served in the position of school leader for at least three years. From the thematic analysis of the interview data, four leadership practices on problem-solving and decision-making during crises were identified, i.e., providing guidance and direction; inspiring and empowering; collaborative problem-solving and decision-making; and adopting a service-oriented approach, which is an eclectic approach to leadership. The findings highlight the critical importance of strategic problem-solving and decision-making in overcoming challenges faced by schools. It also highlights how effective leadership ensures the resilience and success of a school, its community, and relevant stakeholders by fostering a supportive and collaborative environment, promoting proactive problem-solving, and prioritising service to students and staff during crisis. This research provides valuable insights for school leaders and policymakers seeking to enhance leadership effectiveness in crisis management.

Analysis of Developing Anti-Corruption Education in Indonesia Through Media-Based Citizenship Education Learning Smart Mobile Civic

The purpose of this study is to analyze the development of anti-corruption education in Indonesia, through learning Citizenship Education based on Smart Mobile Civic media. Efforts to eradicate corruption are not only the responsibility of law enforcement agencies or the government, but also the responsibility of all components of the nation. Therefore, efforts to eradicate corruption must be carried out by involving all relevant stakeholders, namely the government, the private sector and the community. This research method uses a qualitative approach. The use of qualitative methods in research can produce a more comprehensive study of a phenomenon. The results of the study show that: Citizenship Education learning system has a very strategic role, to increase students' understanding of anti-corruption education. In this context of research, the students, as agents of corruption prevention, cannot be separated from the characteristics they possess, such as: Intellectuality, Youth Spirit, and Idealism. Student involvement in the anti-corruption movement can basically be divided into four areas: within the family, on campus, in the local community, and at the regional or national level. The digital era has had a tremendous impact on citizenship learning, such as through the application of Smart Mobile Civic media as a fun and not boring learning media for students so that they can explore more deeply about their knowledge and experiences.

Community Relations Pt. Pertamina Pasca Meledaknya Depo Pertamina Plumpang

This research aims to analyze the dynamics of the relationship between the community and PT. Pertamina following the explosion at the Pertamina Plumpang Depot. The study employs a qualitative approach, collecting data through observation, media monitoring, and company documents. The results indicate that the explosion event has significantly impacted the relationship between PT. Pertamina and the surrounding community. Concerns, uncertainty, and a sense of insecurity among the public have posed various challenges in maintaining a harmonious relationship. Despite PT. Pertamina's efforts to improve its image and address the negative impacts, there remains an expansion of perceptual gaps between the company and the community. The implications of these findings can serve as a foundation for PT. Pertamina and relevant stakeholders in designing more effective communication strategies to strengthen post-incident community relations.

Urban planning failure in the protection of ecologically sensitive areas: factors that contribute to the ineffective management of ecological resources in Kumasi

The conventional literature on urban wetlands has, over the years, focused on the effects of urbanization on the encroachment of wetlands and ecosystem services. Nonetheless, little is known about how institutions respond to the encroachments along ecologically sensitive areas within the context of the global south. A comprehensive insight into the management strategies adopted by institutions in ecosystem services governance is essential for advancing the sustainability discourse in Ghana. Using the qualitative research approach, face-to-face interviews were conducted among relevant stakeholder institutions. The findings indicate that the strategies adopted by institutions in the management of ecologically sensitive areas are top-down in nature and this has been ineffective over the years. The paper recommends the need for community-based approaches for the management and protection of ecologically sensitive areas. The community-based approach can be adopted through the integration of local knowledge in promoting ecological sustainability.

Civic education: a panacea for moral decadence among secondary school students in Ede community, Osun State, Vibic

This study examines civic education's potential as a panacea for moral decay among secondary school students in Ede community of Osun State, Nigeria. It looks at how civic education can give students the moral principles and direction they need to navigate daily life and make moral decisions. The study adopts a qualitative research methodology and gathers its data from secondary sources like books, academic journals, theses, and newspapers, among others. The results emphasis how common moral decadence affect students in secondary schools and how important it is to implement successful interventions of civic education. The paper also reveals that students who receive civic education are equipped with the knowledge and abilities needed to make ethical decisions because it instills values, virtues, and ethical concepts. The study concludes that effective civic education that would counteract moral decay needs the involvement of relevant stakeholders, such as schools, parents, teachers, and the community at large, to work together in an integrated manner.

The Application Of The Principle Of Judges Freedom On SEMA Number 2 Of 2023

This study aims to determine the position of the Supreme Court Circular Letter in the judicial system in Indonesia and the binding force of Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 2 of 2023 concerning Guidelines for Judges in Handling Applications for Registration of Marriages of Different Religions (Supreme Court Circular Letter number 2 of 2023) on the freedom of District Court judges in handling applications for registration of marriages of different religions in Indonesia. This research is normative legal research, using statutory and conceptual approaches and analyzed using content analysis techniques. The findings are that the Supreme Court Circular Letter does not have the status of a binding legal norm but has a moral force that binds judges in the judicial environment. Decisions in Supreme Court Circulars often reflect in-depth legal interpretation and the experience of judicial practitioners. Supreme Court Circular Letter No. 2 of 2023 aims to strengthen and direct the principle of judges' independence towards the achievement of better justice. The implementation of Supreme Court Circular Number 2 of 2023 will depend on the awareness and commitment of judges, as well as the full support of the judiciary and other relevant stakeholders.

Manajemen Perawatan Pasien Hipertensi Kelompok Usia Dewasa-Very Old Berbasis Family Centered Nursing Di Masa Transisi Endemi Covid-19

In the current covid-19 endemic, degenerative diseases still have a high prevalence and morbidity rate, one of which is hypertension. The high prevalence of hypertension can be caused by many factors such as improper lifestyle management that can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle. Adults and elderly with hypertension are encouraged to receive non-pharmacological treatments to minimize risk factors for cardiovascular and other systemic and degenerative diseases. Families have an important role in providing information about hypertension and the risk of complications for patients. Families also have a role in providing appropriate care, especially during the period towards endemic covid-19. Counseling was conducted on patients and their families in Sumberejo Village, Poncokusumo District, Malang Regency. The activity was carried out with an initial examination and counseling consisting of 2 main topics: 1) what is hypertension and 2) hypertension care management by family at home. The results showed an increase in knowledge related to physical activity, high blood control, and the role of the family at home with a score of 70 and joint exercises were routinely carried out every 2 weeks. For the sustainability of the program, coordination was carried out with relevant stakeholders.

The Role of River Vigilance Committees to Address New Socio-Climatic Conditions in Chile: Insights from Ostrom’s Design Principles for Common-Pool Resource Institutions

Chile is currently facing a mega-drought, which is expected to lead to a significant increase in the water stress level. Social conflicts related to water use are linked to the effects of climate change and a governance system marked by the privatization of the natural resources of public interest. This study aims to analyze whether the current Chilean water governance scheme can adapt to the effects of climate change through a critical observation of the role of the River Vigilance Committees (RVCs; private user organizations exercising the public function of water management), from the perspective of Ostrom’s design principles for long-enduring Common-pool Resource (CPR) institutions. We analyze legal approaches, management mechanisms, and decision-making processes under the socio-climatic conditions that the country is currently facing. The results indicate that, with a few exceptions, the Chilean governance system does not allow RVCs to effectively incorporate the design principles—and, therefore, to achieve adaptation—due to dispersed functions, the exclusion of water users, and a lack of planning at different levels. We propose that water governance should consider the creation of River Basin Boards with broader planning powers, as well as the incorporation of different relevant stakeholders.

Harmonizing open banking in the European Union: an analysis of PSD2 compliance and interrelation with cybersecurity frameworks and standards

AbstractThis paper focuses on the security protocols enacted in banking transactions across the European Economic Area (EEA), as stipulated by the Second or Revised Payment Service Directive (commonly referred to as ‘PSD2’ or simply ‘the Directive’). The study aims to comprehensively analyse the implementation and efficacy of these security measures within the specified jurisdiction. The Directive incorporates fundamental rights and obligations that all stakeholders are compelled to adhere to and delineates specific security measures and standards that both traditional banking institutions and third-party providers (TPP) are mandated to implement. In particular, one of the cardinal mandates for banking and financial institutions under PSD2 is the obligation to facilitate third-party access to customer data via open application programming interfaces (API). While this open banking paradigm and the consequent proliferation of data sharing unquestionably bring about various advantages, such as enhanced consumer choice and market competition, they concurrently expose the financial ecosystem to a slew of potential security vulnerabilities and privacy risks. Upon conducting a comprehensive review of the security requirements and measures stipulated under PSD2 and a comparative analysis with essential cybersecurity frameworks and standards (NIS2, Cybersecurity Act, GDPR, ISO 27001:22 and PCI DSS), we have ascertained a discernible lack of harmonisation and clarity concerning the technical security specifications for its effective implementation. This lacuna substantiates the challenges banks face in fully grasping the extensive spectrum of compliance obligations mandated by PSD2. The aim of this research is to offer a valuable contribution to both the comprehension and the pragmatic deployment of security standards in the context of banking transactions, as regulated by the PSD2. The paper serves as a valuable resource for traditional banking institutions and relevant stakeholders by guiding them through the complexities of PSD2 implementation while also evaluating the effects of the security measures on transactional safeguards, data security, and the provision of payment services.

Extracting Spatio-Temporal Trends in Medical Research Prioritization Through Natural Language Processing of Case Report Abstracts.

Medical research prioritization is an important aspect of decision-making by researchers and relevant stakeholders. The ever-increasing availability of technology and data has opened doors to new discoveries and new questions. This makes it difficult for researchers and relevant stakeholders to make well-informed decisions about the research areas they want to support and the nations they should look for collaborations. It is, therefore, useful to look at the spatio-temporal trends of medical research prioritization to gain insight into popular and neglected areas of research as well as the allocation of prioritization of each nation. In this study, we develop a system that collects, classifies, and summarizes case report abstracts according to the location, time, and disease category of the report. The additional classifications allow us to visualize and monitor the trends in medical research prioritization by location, time, and disease category.

Human to machine innovation: Does legal personhood and inventorship threshold offer any leeway?

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) continues to be a powerful tool in the research and development ecosystem. AI computers are invented to assist human invention and also created to invent. Where an AI is created to invent, through self‐learning, they can interact with set of data presumably created by humans and as a result, a new patentable invention(s) can emerge. However, where the AI inventors and the resulting inventions sit within the inventorship legal framework, and the theory of legal personhood continues to raise legal and policy questions that challenge some underlying or presumed settled intellectual property law assumptions. One of the contentions has been the implications of the AI machine's autonomous inventions on the legislative and judicially established threshold for patent inventorship and the jurisprudential theory of legal personhood. The judicial decisions in the United States of America (USA), United Kingdom (UK), and Australia in the Device for the Autonomous Bootstrapping of Unified Sentience (DABUS) patent applications have given judicial certainty on whether AI machine inventors qualify as inventors. However, they also reawakened the debate about the need to sustain patent incentives for AI innovations. This article draws from the inventorship threshold in the UK and US following the court decisions in the DABUS cases. The judicial decisions of courts and the administrative judgements of national Intellectual Property Offices (IPOs) relating to inventorship as well as the theory of legal personhood, reveal that an AI machine invention can be patent eligible. However, the machine does not satisfy the inventorship criteria and consequently is incapable of being named an inventor. On the other hand, the inventorship requirement of contemporaneous conception and reduction to practice meant that an AI owner/programmer may not satisfy the requirement of inventorship, even though he/she programmed the inventing machine. These decisions and judgements favour an implied situation where autonomous AI inventions could be without named inventors and owners. Consequently, those inventions will automatically form part of prior arts thereby rendering myriads of future human and AI inventions obvious or already existing in the public domain. In contributing to the discourse, this article advances the argument that to optimise the patent system, national IPOs and the courts can rely on ‘simultaneous conception and reduction to practice’ to recognise the programmer/owner or other relevant stakeholders in AI innovation as the inventor of AI autonomous inventions.

P093 Innovating in IBD care: what do patients and informal caregivers value? Preliminary results of a narrative inquiry

Abstract Background Given the increasing incidence, evolving treatment goals, and the need for tight and holistic monitoring, transformation in delivery of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) care is warranted. To innovate successfully, it is crucial to consider the values of healthcare professionals (HCP) and healthcare services, as well as the patient’s and informal caregiver’s perspective. This study aims to explore what patients with IBD and their informal caregivers value in Dutch IBD care. Methods In total, approximately 16 patients and 8 informal caregivers from an academic and a general hospital will be included. Respondents are recruited purposefully. Data collection will take place until data saturation is reached. The interviews are focused on real-life experiences and stories of respondents with regard to IBD. Interviews are conducted face-to-face or digitally, audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Independent coding was executed by three researchers. A deductive thematic analysis approach was used, guided by the Picker Principles of Person Centred Care. Results Semi-structured narrative interviews were conducted with 8 IBD patients and 4 informal caregivers, i.e. family members, between June-September 2023. All Picker principles came across in the narratives. Respondents said that it is important to receive an effective treatment, minimizing intestinal symptoms and to function as good as possible with IBD. Involving patients in their treatment plan and paying attention to non-medical aspects, e.g. impact on work and social relationships, was relevant to respondents. Patients and caregivers valued easy and accessible communication with their HCP, the feeling to be heard, and immediate action of the HCP when required. A trustful relationship, fostered through e.g. regular face-to-face contact, was highlighted as important. Some respondents appreciated the use of eHealth tools, as these facilitate remote care if desired. Moreover, providing informal caregivers with information about the disease, treatment and impact on daily life was suggested as beneficial in supporting patients with IBD. Conclusion IBD patients and their informal caregivers value shared decision making, fast access to reliable healthcare advice, immediate action when needed, the feeling to be heard and a trustful relationship with their HCP when receiving IBD care in the Netherlands. These values and insight in the (shared)-values of all relevant stakeholders within the Dutch context will facilitate the development of valuable innovation and successful implementation. The perspectives of other stakeholders, such as HCPs, policymakers, health insurers, pharmaceutical companies, and eHealth providers, will be explored in an extensive qualitative study.

Expectations of i-Tree Eco as a tool for urban tree management in Nordic cities

While urban forests are recognized as imperative toward climate adaptation in cities and provide health and recreational benefits to citizens, municipal tree officers often struggle to find successful governance arrangements and budget support toward long-lasting investment and implementation in new planting schemes and protection of existing trees. Since its release in 2006, i-Tree Eco has helped urban tree officers worldwide to find tangible leverage in the means of quantitative mapping, numeric measures, and economic values of ecosystem services. This may in turn help ease gridlocks and potentially support constructive dialogues across sectors, with decision-makers and public engagement. With the release of i-Tree Eco v. 6 in Europe 2018, 13 Nordic cities were engaged in a larger research project with ambitions to use i-Tree Eco for the purpose of retrieving numeric and monetary data of the biophysical structures and ecosystem services of the urban forest. Based on questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, we present the results from the Nordic i-Tree project with a focus on expectations, opportunities, and potential barriers experienced in using i-Tree Eco in urban forest management. The most prominent expectation and foreseeing opportunities were recognized toward using numeric information on trees to change policies and support cross-sectoral collaboration while reaching politicians and the public. Identified barriers involved how limited resources are spent on public outreach and how information about the project to relevant stakeholders were not distributed from the beginning which may have implications on the dissemination of results. As some important ecosystem services, e.g., cultural services, are not captured by i-Tree Eco, presenting the partial value of urban trees may pose also potential risks to cross-sectoral collaboration. Other findings conclude that although numeric information on ecosystem services is seen as beneficial in terms of communicating with different stakeholders, a deeper understanding toward the criteria used in the valuation process and the potential risks of numeric approaches may provide more context-specific applications.

Long Time No Hear, Magnificent Wohlfahrtia! Morphological and Molecular Evidence of Almost Forgotten Flesh Fly in Serbia and Western Balkans.

The "beautiful viviparous fly", Wohlfahrtia magnifica, may have a magnificent appearance due to its striking morphology; however, it is a potentially deadly agent of obligate traumatic myiasis in humans and animals, with a serious impact on welfare and economics. The fly is found across the Palearctic realm, including the Western Balkan region, with reports from former Yugoslavian countries from the first half of the 20th century. In this paper, a recent case of wohlfahrtiosis recorded in Northern Serbia is evidenced using morphological and molecular techniques. Larvae were collected from two adult sheep with severe hoof myiasis and two young sheep with genital and interdigital myiasis. Morphological identification was performed for adults bred from the infested vulva and third-stage larvae (L3) collected from the hoof wounds, supported with barcoding sequences of the COI gene obtained from larval pairs from the hoof wounds of older and the genitalia of younger sheep. W. magnifica was identified according to the appearance of male fly terminalia and the morphology of L3, which was confirmed after the comparison of representative sequences of the COI gene (deposited in GenBank™ under accession numbers MT027108-MT027114) to those available in GenBank™. This finding represents the first reported case of wohlfahrtiosis in the Western Balkans in 80 years, highlighting the need to re-inform relevant stakeholders to achieve adequate disease control.

Land Transportation Infrastructure and Economic Growth: An Assessment of the SADC Regional Infrastructure Development Master Plan

This Southern African Development Community (SADC), as a regional economic integration organization in Africa, has 16 member countries with rich natural resources and tourism resources, attracting the attention of global investors. Although the region's transport infrastructure is among the leading in Africa, it still lags far behind global standards. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the current state of transport infrastructure in SADC, with a particular focus on road transport facilities within the region. Based on SADC's official "SADC Regional Infrastructure Development Master Plan Transport Sector Plan, 2012", this paper evaluates the current situation of its road transport infrastructure and conducts an in-depth analysis of the future road development plan in the plan. This research aims to reveal the challenges faced by SADC at the infrastructure level, and provide a comprehensive and in-depth perspective for policy makers, investors and other relevant stakeholders. At the same time, this study can provide some new ideas for future research and provide new solutions to the problems of transportation infrastructure in the SADC region.

Determinants of Working Capital in Consumer Non-Cyclicals Sector: An Empirical Study on LSE-listed Companies

In the contemporary and ever-changing economic environment, the skillful administration of working capital has become a crucial factor for organizations, particularly in industries that demonstrate resilience in the face of economic swings. The sector of Consumer Non-Cyclicals, renowned for its stability, is an example of a domain in which working capital plays a vital role. This study aims to examine the various factors that have an impact on working capital within the Consumer Non-Cyclicals Sector, focusing specifically on companies that are publicly listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE). The study emphasizes the importance of managing working capital, underscoring its role in preserving liquidity, promoting expansion, and guaranteeing operational effectiveness. The objective of this study is to analyze the factors that influence working capital decisions in these businesses, utilizing a combination of theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence. This study utilizes a panel dataset and develops empirical models to examine the potential influence of firm-specific variables on working capital. The outcomes of this research are anticipated to offer significant perspectives for the management of firms, investors, lawmakers, and other relevant stakeholders. These insights will benefit both academic research and practical implementations within the area.