Relevant Psychosocial Variables Research Articles

Trastornos alimentarios en mujeres adolescentes: un estudio comparativo entre pacientes, estudiantes de danza y estudiantes de escuelas medias

ObjectivesTo analyze and to compare eating habits, body image perception and other relevant psychosocial variables of eating disorders in patients with these disorders, dance students and high school students. Materials and MethodsThe sample included 440 female adolescents from Buenos Aires, aged between 13 and 18 years: 50 patients with eating disorders, 107 ballet students and 283 high school students. Participants completed a Sociodemographic and Specific Symptoms of Eating Disorders Questionnaire, the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), and the Figure Scale (FS). ResultsDance students were not different to high school students in some variables usually associated with eating disorders (body image dissatisfaction, diet behaviour, excessive exercise in order to lose weight, self-induced vomiting, laxative use, and secondary amenorrhea), whereas patients showed a significantly higher frequency of these characteristics. Patients scored significantly higher in nine of the eleven subscales of the EDI-2. Moreover, a significantly larger proportion of patients and dance students (with respect to high school students) showed body image distortion. ConclusionDance students are more similar to high school students than to patients in several characteristics associated with eating disorders, except for body image distortion.

Psychosocial Assessment of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Clinical Practice

Functional gastrointestinal disorders are the most common conditions encountered in gastroenterology practice and are also commonly encountered in primary care. Psychosocial factors play an important role in these disorders (along with any chronic digestive disorder) by influencing healthcare seeking, illness behavior, symptom severity, quality of life, and digestive motility and sensation. Identification of relevant psychosocial factors in patients with chronic digestive disorders influences care and is a critical determinant of outcomes. This article provides a review of relevant psychosocial variables, assessment techniques, and therapeutic suggestions that can be of value in assessing patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders.

Social support, neuropsychological performance, and depression in HIV infection.

The present study was designed to examine the impact of neuropsychological performance on the relationships between stress, social support, and depression in 217 HIV-infected men. Using path analysis, the contributions of four domains of cognitive functioning (memory, attention, executive function, and psychomotor speed), IQ, and relevant psychosocial variables to depression were evaluated. In the model which best fit the data, cognitive domains did not contribute directly to depression, but contributed significantly to psychosocial variables which affected levels of depression. Attention and executive function contributed to reduced illness-related disability; while higher IQ was associated with fewer stressful life events. Number of stressful life events and level of illness-related disability were associated with depressive symptoms. Higher IQ led to greater numbers of social contacts, which was associated with fewer reported symptoms of depression. These findings suggest that better neuropsychological performance may lead to reduced stress and perceived disability, and more available social contacts. By these multiple paths, different domains of cognitive ability contribute indirectly to ameliorating depression in HIV-infected men.

Multidimensionality of sexual attitudes

In four studies, we used the Sexual Attitudes Scale, a new multidimensional instrument, and (a) concluded final construction of the scale, (b) assessed the relationships between the scale and three criterion measures, and (c) provided initial construct validation of the instrument through demonstrated relationships with several relevant psychosocial variables and personality/attitude measures. The instrument was initially administered to a large sample (N = 807); the scores were factor analyzed, and scales were defined. A refined version was cross validated on another large sample (N = 567), with results that mostly replicated earlier results. The Sexual Attitudes Scale was then given to another sample (N = 105), along with the Sexual Opinion Survey, the Reiss Male and Female Premarital Permissiveness Scales, and the sex‐guilt subscale of the Revised Mosher Guilt Inventory. Results showed the Sexual Attitudes Scale to have moderate and conceptually consistent correlations with these other scales. Additional results from three studies revealed significant relationships between subjects' sexual attitudes and relevant demographic/psychosocial variables (e.g., gender, love experience) and demonstrated substantial links between the Sexual Attitudes Scale and measures of related concepts such as sensation seeking and love attitudes. The Sexual Attitudes Scale is a psychometrically sound new scale assessing Sexual Permissiveness, Sexual Practices, Communion, and Instrumentality.