Relevant Programs Research Articles

PSIKOLOGI DAN PASTORAL KONSELING DALAM PENDIDIKAN ORANG DEWASA

This article discusses the important role of developmental psychology in adult education, especially in the context of Christian education. Understanding the characteristics of adult development, such as cognitive, social, emotional, and spiritual development, is essential for Christian educators to design effective and relevant educational programs. This article describes several principles of adult education based on developmental psychology, such as adult-centered learning, relevant learning, collaborative learning, and sustainable learning. Furthermore, this article discusses how the principles of Christian education can be integrated with developmental psychology to create holistic and meaningful educational programs for adults. The research method used is literature with data collection techniques that identify sources relevant to the research topic. This can be books, journal articles, research reports, theses, dissertations and other documents that can be accessed in the library or online. Data Collection: After identifying relevant sources, the researcher collects data by reading and recording important information that is in accordance with the research objectives. Data Classification: The data that has been collected is then classified based on certain themes or topics to make the analysis process easier. Data Analysis: Data that has been classified is then explained to find patterns, concepts, or theories that are relevant to the research topic. This analysis can be descriptive analysis, comparative analysis, or critical analysis. Synthesis and Interpretation: The results of data analysis are then synthesized and interpreted to provide a deeper understanding of the research topic. Researchers connect the findings obtained with existing theories or concepts to answer research questions.

Assessing the Relationship between School Culture and Student Empowerment: Basis for Students’ Transformational Leadership Program

This study evaluated the relationship between the school's culture and its commitment to student empowerment, which served as the foundation for the students' transformational leadership program and other school-wide activities that focused on student empowerment. The researcher utilized a descriptive, comparative correlational approach, with the objective of obtaining a thorough comprehension of the associations among school culture, empowerment of college students for transformational leadership, and the efficacy of leadership training programs and was participated by was participated by the 543 students from Changsha University of Science and Technology, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Shaoyang University, and Hunan Communication Polytechnic. The study shows that female education students influence insights, with significant differences in perceptions of the school's leadership initiatives based on sex, academic program, and grade level, emphasizing the need for a more tailored approach; a strong correlation between empowerment efforts and school culture highlights the importance of further strengthening these initiatives, especially for Chinese students. The researcher recommends to develop targeted, culturally relevant leadership programs that address the needs of female students, diverse demographics, and Chinese students, while strengthening and embedding these initiatives into the school's culture to ensure they are inclusive, effective, and impactful.

Piloting a Virtual Yoga and Mindfulness Program for Juvenile Court Involved Youth.

Juvenile court-involved youth (JCIY) face unique psychosocial challenges, with a higher prevalence of mental health concerns and substance use disorders. The COVID-19 pandemic intensified these challenges, prompting a need for interventions that address trauma and discrimination experienced by this vulnerable population that could be delivered virtually during the pandemic. This study describes implementation and evaluation of a Raja yoga and mindfulness program among JCIY, with particular attention to barriers and facilitators to participation to inform next steps in this work. The nine-session program aimed to promote mindfulness practices, build coping skills, and address elements of JCIY's emotional health and well-being. Despite challenges in participant retention, participants expressed intent to use skills they learned in the future. Challenges related to implementation included technological barriers, staff turnover, and competing responsibilities; abrupt closure of the county juvenile detention center further strained resources. Successes included providing real-time resources during the early pandemic stages and building relationships between program facilitators and juvenile court staff. Involving youth and court personnel in program design and evaluation, adopting implementation science approaches to refine program delivery, and developing tailored support systems for JCIY are among the key lessons learned. Given the many structural inequities that make JCIY more vulnerable to poor health outcomes, insights may inform broader efforts to improve receipt of relevant services and programs to enhance their well-being, including use of virtual modalities.

Unlocking Work Motivation: How the Role of Training and Career Development Effectiveness

This study examines the effect of Training Development Effectiveness on employee career development, Career Development Effectiveness, and Work Motivation. Data was collected through a questionnaire distributed to 203 employees from various organizations and data analysis using Structural Equation Modeling, SEM. The results showed that Training Development Effectiveness had a positive and significant effect on Career Development Effectiveness, with a pathway coefficient of 0.769 and a t-statistic of 22.236 (p-value < 0.000). In addition, Training Development Effectiveness also had a positive and significant effect on Work Motivation, with a path coefficient of 0.401 and t-statistics of 5.628 (p-value < 0.000). Furthermore, Career Development Effectiveness was found to have a positive and significant influence on Work Motivation, with a path coefficient of 0.493 and a t-statistic of 7.296 (p-value < 0.000). This study concludes that the effectiveness of good training can improve employees' career development and work motivation. The practical implications of this study are that organizations should invest in high-quality and relevant training programs and create clear and structured career development paths to increase employee work motivation. Regular evaluation of the effectiveness of training programs is necessary to ensure that they remain relevant and effective in achieving organizational goals.

Motivators and barriers for studying podiatry in Australia and New Zealand: A mixed methods study.

Podiatry enrolments at Australian and New Zealand universities have decreased by 17.3% since 2015, which threatens the profession's sustainability and the health and wellbeing of Australian and New Zealand people and communities. Reasons for this decline remain unclear due to insufficient evidence on factors influencing career choices. The overarching aim of this study was to identify motivators and barriers for studying podiatry in Australia and New Zealand. This study used a convergent mixed methods design. Students enrolled in (i) podiatry and (ii) relevant non-podiatry health, sport or science programs at nine Australian and one New Zealand university, were invited to participate in an online survey. First-year podiatry students were also invited to participate in an online workshop. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and linear/logistic regression models. Three independent assessors used inductive thematic analysis for the qualitative data. Overall, 278 podiatry students (mean age 24.9±8.5years, 65.1% female) and 553 non-podiatry students (mean age 24.8±8.2years, 75.4% female; 32.2% from physiotherapy and 29.1% from occupational therapy) responded to the survey. Interest in a health-related career, wanting to make a difference to people's health, and opportunity to care for people from different backgrounds/age groups were key motivating factors among podiatry students. Barriers to studying podiatry were encountered by 28.1% of podiatry students. Thematic analysis identified seven themes concerning career choice, which are as follows: (i) awareness of profession and scope of practice; (ii) stereotypes and negative perceptions of the profession; (iii) awareness of career pathways; (iv) job prospects and earning potential; (v) working with people and building relationships; (vi) podiatry is not the first preference; and (vii) barriers which limit student enrolment. There are a variety of factors that motivate and influence students to study podiatry, however, altruistic reasons are most highly rated. Allied health students have limited understanding of the scope of practice and career opportunities in podiatry. Additionally, the podiatry profession often faces negative stereotypes. Further work is required to reverse the negative stereotypes and perceptions of podiatry and build knowledge of the profession's scope of practice, career pathways/opportunities, job prospects and earning potential.

Exploring communities’ utilization of Jatropha based biofuels to transition towards cleaner energy sources

Abstract Ethiopia is committed to using sustainable energy sources due to the limited availability of traditional fuel and their environmental damage. This study examines the viability of biofuels as an alternative fuel source in Ethiopia for community’s sustainable transition to cleaner energy. The research reviews relevant publications, policies, initiatives, and programs, identifies barriers to implementation, and collects data through literature reviews, community discussions and observations of energy experts. Ethiopia has 8.6 million hectares available for energy crops and governmental policies are encouraging the use of clean fuels. The study suggests that biofuel can support rural development and environmental sustainability. However, challenges to the widespread adoption of alternative fuels by communities exist such as flawed policies, limited technical skills, insufficient maintenance experts, a scarcity of biofuel production companies, and inadequate markets for biofuel seeds. To achieve a sustainable future through the use of clean energy in the country, policy interventions and investment strategies are necessary. All stakeholders must adopt policies and develop capacity-building programs while providing incentives for developers and users.

Black Family Members' Experiences and Interpretations of Supportive Resources for Them and Their Relatives With Substance Use Disorders: A Focused Ethnography.

While previous research explored the utilization of culturally supportive resources in multiethnic communities, there is a paucity of information regarding culturally relevant resources for Black Canadian family members. The study explored Black family members' experiences and interpretations regarding access to culturally supportive resources for family members and their relatives who suffer from substance use disorders. Black family members are defined as African Canadians, Caribbean Canadians, or Caribbean Blacks. A focused ethnography was conducted with a purposive sample of 26 Black family members in Ontario, Canada. The interviews were conducted from June to September 2021. Seventeen participants originated from parts of Africa, and nine were from different parts of the Caribbean. The participants comprised mothers (n = 5), fathers (n = 2), step-fathers (n = 1), husbands (n = 1), wives (n = 2), uncles (n = 5), aunties (n = 2), siblings (n = 5), in-laws (n = 2), and guardians (n = 1). Leininger's four Phases of Ethnonursing Qualitative Data Analysis were used for data analysis. Three themes were generated: (1) Navigating Existing Options and Resources for Families and Their Relatives; (2) Drawing upon Religion and Spirituality as Perceived Resources; and (3) Call for Culturally Relevant Programs for Substance Use Disorders Harm Reduction. Participants described experiencing a lack of culturally relevant resources and subsequently opting to navigate other resources. One such option was to send their relatives back to their country of origin to access cultural rehabilitation treatment options. There is a significant need for guidelines and policies regarding creating timely access to culturally relevant resources in Canada that support families and their relatives towards harm reduction and recovery outcomes.

Optimizing Women's Entrepreneurship to Enhance Family Domestic Income: A Case Study of Female Entrepreneurs in BatamThis study examines the role of women's entrepreneurship in enhancing domestic family income in Batam, a special economic zone with unique

This study examines the role of women's entrepreneurship in enhancing domestic family income in Batam, a special economic zone with unique socio-economic characteristics. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative and qualitative designs to understand the factors influencing women's entrepreneurship and to develop optimization strategies. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 200 female entrepreneurs across 12 districts in Batam, while qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), and participant observations. Data analysis was conducted using variance-based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and NVIVO software to analyze the complex relationships between variables. The results of the study indicate that women's education level, access to capital, and family support are critical factors influencing the success of entrepreneurship. Access to capital is proven to be a significant challenge, with barriers such as high interest rates and complex procedures. Additionally, the increase in family income derived from women's businesses contributes to improving family welfare, including children's education, health, and financial stability. Based on these findings, the study recommends the need for improved access to capital, the development of relevant entrepreneurial training programs, and supportive government policies to strengthen the role of women's entrepreneurship in Batam. This study is expected to contribute meaningfully to the literature on women's entrepreneurship and provide a foundation for the development of more effective policies in the future.

Patients' Perspectives on the Acceptability and Effectiveness of a Community Health Worker-Led Intervention to Increase Chronic Kidney Disease Knowledge and Screening among Underserved Latine Adults: The CARE 2.0 Study.

In the United States, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) affects approximately 1 in 7 adults. Despite its significant impact, CKD awareness, education, and screening are often lacking among underserved Latine populations, leading to poorer health outcomes and higher mortality rates. Various studies highlight the crucial role of Community Health Workers (CHWs) in improving health outcomes within minority communities both domestically and globally. However, there remains a gap in research on the acceptance and effectiveness of CHW-led interventions targeting CKD. This prospective intervention study employed a pre-post quasi-experimental design to evaluate a CHW-led educational program aimed at enhancing CKD knowledge, screening, and monitoring among Latines with low health literacy and English proficiency. CHWs utilized a culturally tailored CKD Flipchart, and 100 underserved patients received the intervention. Feedback from 85 participants who completed post-intervention surveys indicated high satisfaction with the program's relevance and the professionalism of the CHWs. Importantly, 85% expressed a positive intention to seek kidney care following the intervention. Preliminary analysis of medical records before and after the intervention showed improvements in glycemic control (median change = -18.0, p = 0.014) and triglyceride levels (median change = -29.0, p = 0.035), suggesting the program's effectiveness in managing CKD risk factors. These findings highlight the potential of CHW-led interventions to reduce kidney health disparities among underserved communities.

Citra Merek dan Kualitas Produk terhadap Minat Beli Ulang pada Teh Pucuk Harum di Kota Bandung

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of brand image and product quality on repurchase intention of Pucuk Harum tea in the city of Bandung. This research instrument has gone through the stages of validity and reliability testing, classical assumption testing, and multiple regression testing. This study will involve samples and consumer populations with an age range of 17 to 56 years. The focus of the research area is the city of Bandung, where Pucuk Harum tea products are products that are already well-known in the city of Bandung and are the objects of this study. The number of samples in this study was set at a minimum of 120 people. This type of research uses a quantitative approach. The analysis tool used to test the data instrument uses SPSS software version 25. The results of the study indicate that brand image and product quality have a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention simultaneously, this study is expected to be useful for managers of objects that are assessed regarding the design of relevant strategies or programs. Keywords: Brand Image, Product Quality, Repurchase Intention

Негосударственная система бесплатной юридической помощи в Российской Федерации: основные проблемы и перспективы

Purpose. Identification of problems that impede the progressive development of the legal education system in the Russian Federation, reflection of the role and importance of legal advice in the field of strengthening and developing practical skills. Identification of the degree of influence on the existing system of legal education in the Russian Federation of state policy in the field of regulation and formation of a system of free legal assistance. Methodology: dialectics, analysis and synthesis, formal legal, comparative legal, logical, method of interpreting legal norms, philosophical conceptology. Conclusions. Today, the development of the free legal aid system leads to the fact that in the absence of funding, many legal advice centers created at universities risk not being in demand. In modern conditions, many legal consultations created at universities may be abolished. In the future, the management of individual universities may relieve themselves of the obligation to provide legal consultations or relevant educational programs. The main reasons for abolition may also be the student’s lack of real opportunity to obtain practical skills in government bodies and the judicial system (impossibility of practical participation in judicial proceedings). Scientific and practical relevance. The article is aimed at identifying existing problems in the legal education system in the Russian Federation, which have a negative impact on the effectiveness of the education system in the field of development and strengthening the final level of practical qualifications of a graduate of a legal educational institution. In addition, the article substantiates the need to eliminate the identified problems.

A Multifaceted Approach to Health Crisis in the Philippines Comment on "Experiences and Implications of the First Wave of the COVID-19 Emergency in Italy: A Social Science Perspective"

The COVID-19 pandemic changed the landscape of every country’s healthcare system. May it be a developed nation like Italy or a developing one, like Philippines, it has seriously impacted the different aspects of people’s everyday living. While the epidemiological/pharmacological interventions is the top priority to battle the health crisis, considering the social science perspective in crafting any health policy is a must to develop holistic, relevant, and effective programs for policy-makers. This is not to underestimate the effectiveness of the former but it simply signifies the essential support of the latter for a higher success rate since it is a multifaceted approach. It is important to note that a human is not only composed of physicality, but all the other aspects that are connected to one another, including social, political, and spiritual ones.

Double-duty actions addressing the double burden of malnutrition among adolescents aged 10-19: protocol for a scoping review.

The global adolescent population faces the challenge of the double burden of malnutrition (DBM), characterized by the coexistence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity, including diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This dual challenge, prevalent across various socio-economic backgrounds, necessitates double-duty actions, i.e., integrated interventions designed to concurrently address both sets of conditions. These actions are critical for fostering the overall health and well-being of adolescents. The objective of this review is to describe the content, setting, and delivery mechanisms of double-duty actions, synthesize their impacts on adolescents' nutritional status, and offer policy and program implications for future interventions. As part of this scoping review, we will conduct a comprehensive search across multiple databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and Google Scholar, to identify relevant interventions, programs, policies, guidelines, evaluation studies, and strategies targeting DBM among adolescents aged 10-19 years. Inclusion criteria encompass a range of evidence sources with methodologically sound and well-described study designs. All full-text articles and abstracts will be independently screened by two reviewers to ensure a comprehensive inclusion of papers that align with the established criteria. The final protocol is available on Open Science Forum (https://osf.io/kxapb). Addressing DBM through integrated double-duty actions is crucial for achieving global nutrition and public health goals. However, challenges persist in the form of uncoordinated efforts, lack of comprehensive evidence for what interventions work among adolescents, and the need for context-specific strategies to effectively address the heterogeneity of DBM. The results of this scoping review may provide evidence for future policies and interventions, emphasizing integrated, multi-sectoral strategies tailored to the unique needs of the adolescent population.

The transformation of 20-year social participation policies of older people in China: Network analysis and text analysis.

Social participation of older adults is a crucial component of China's aged care services and an important strategy for actively addressing the aging population. Analyzing policy texts on older people's social participation can inform future policy formulation and the development of relevant programs. This study aims to quantitatively analyze the transformation of China's social participation policies for older people from 1999 to 2023, employing institutional network analysis and policy text analysis. A two-dimensional policy analysis framework was constructed based on the perspective of "policy tools and social participation stages." Using Rost Content Mining 6.0 and Nvivo 11.0 Plus software, 55 national-level policy texts were coded. Structural analysis of policy-issuing subjects and topic words was conducted to visualize the findings. The analysis revealed that the policy-issuing subjects demonstrated strong authority but weak coordination, with a lack of communication and cooperation across subjects. The use of policy tools was imbalanced, with an over-reliance on supply-type tools and insufficient use of demand-type tools. Additionally, the lack of effective policy tools to support various social participation stages has limited policy implementation. With technological advancement and changing needs of the elderly population, there is a need for a more systematic and forward-looking top-level design of elderly social participation policies: accelerating the systematization and precision of technological elements in policies for elderly social participation, integrating social organizations via technological platforms to mobilize diverse stakeholder engagement, and addressing the digital divide between the elderly and new technologies is imperative.

UN Resolutions on the Role of Parliaments and Parliamentarians in Accelerating the Achievements of the SDGs

Since the adoption of “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” on 25 September 2015 at the United Nations General Assembly, there have been strong calls for multi-stakeholder engagements in line with SDG 17.17 on partnerships between public, public-private sectors, and civil society. The various calls to different stakeholders include the three resolutions (A/RES/76/270, A/RES/72/278 and A/RES/77/159) adopted by the UN General Assembly on the role of parliaments and parliamentarians in the implementation of the SDGs at the international, national, and local levels. These resolutions highlight the relationship and partnership between the UN and the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) in SDGs. Elected Members of Parliament (MPs) are the people’s representatives. They represent their voters at the highest legislative body with an oversight role in areas including the allocations of the national resources through the annual budget and monitoring the effective delivery of services. The MPs play the additional role of being the vehicle to highlight the grievances of the people. In this context, the MPs deliberate relevant policies, programmes and legislation associated with the SDGs such as poverty, health, education, employment, climate change and good governance. This article further highlights the role of four parliamentary groups actively mobilising MPs engaged with the SDGs at the international level. These are the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA), Parliamentarians for Global Action (PGA) and Parliamentarians for the Global Goals (PfGG). The article ends with reflections and lessons of the role Malaysian MPs are playing through the APPGM-SDG. There is a need for greater visibility in public policy advocacy in Malaysia and on the global stage. To this end, more resources need to be made available to MPs to encourage their active involvement especially at the United Nations in New York.

An empirical study on divergence of differently-sourced LLVM IRs

In solving binary code similarity detection, many approaches choose to operate on certain unified intermediate representations (IRs), such as Low Level Virtual Machine (LLVM) IR, to overcome the cross-architecture analysis challenge induced by the significant morphological and syntactic gaps across the diverse instruction set architectures (ISAs). However, the LLVM IRs of the same program can be affected by diverse factors, such as the acquisition source, i.e., compiled from source code or disassembled and lifted from binary code. While the impact of compilation settings on binary code has been explored, the specific differences between LLVM IRs from varied sources remain underexamined. To this end, we pioneer an in-depth empirical study to assess the discrepancies in LLVM IRs derived from different sources. Correspondingly, an extensive dataset containing nearly 98 million LLVM IR instructions distributed in 808,431 functions is curated with respect to these potential IR-influential factors. On this basis, three types of code metrics detailing the syntactic, structural, and semantic aspects of the IR samples are devised and leveraged to assess the divergence of the IRs across different origins. The findings offer insights into how and to what extent the various factors affect the IRs, providing valuable guidance for assembling a training corpus aimed at developing robust LLVM IR-oriented pre-training models, as well as facilitating relevant program analysis studies that operate on the LLVM IRs.

Planning Steps of The Orientation Period and Competency Improvement for Employees Appropriately

This study aims to explore the appropriate planning steps for orientation and competency enhancement of employees based on the in-service training model with an andragogical approach. Andragogical approach considers the characteristics of adult learning, allowing for the development of more effective learning strategies in the workplace context. The research methodology employed is a literature review and analysis of various in-service training models implemented in different organizations. The findings highlight key steps in planning orientation and competency enhancement, including identifying training needs, developing relevant curricula, devising interactive teaching strategies, and ensuring ongoing evaluation. The practical implications of this research involve the development of planning guidelines to assist organizations in designing and implementing effective and relevant in-service training programs for employee development.

EFFECT OF CONTINUOUS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT ON STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN NINE YEARS BASIC EDUCATION SCHOOLS OF RWANDAA CASE OF NYARUGURU DISTRICT

Background: This study investigated the effect of continuous professional development on students Academic performance in nine-year basic education schools in Nyaruguru district, Rwanda. The specific objectives were to identify continuous professional development Programmes practiced in nine years basic education in Rwandan schools, to analyze the students academic performance due to continuous professional development in Rwandan schools and to assess the influence of continuous professional development on students performance in nine-year basic education schools in Rwanda. This study is useful to all stakeholders in education sector such as public institutions, decision makers, district authorities, head teachers, teachers, learners and scholars. The researcher applied a descriptive correlational study, targeting 5 head teachers, 150 teachers and 88 School based mentors. This study selected respondents and key informants purposively and randomly. A study sample of 243 respondents was obtained by use of Yamanes formula. Materials and Methods: Information was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences version 26.0 to generate descriptive statistics in terms of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Inferential statistics were produced in terms of correlation and regression coefficient for determining size effect between variables. Results:English proficiency factors indicated that 79.2% strongly agree that Educational document preparation, and 82.6% strongly agreed that Teaching techniques, 79.9% strongly agreed that Course content, 77.2% strongly agreed that Classroom management show continuous professional development Programmes in Nyaruguru District, Rwanda, Results on the students academic performance 79.4% strongly agreed that improved academic performance, 82.6% Strongly agreed that high national examination. Additionally, 77.9% Strongly agreed that improved personality development 68.5%. Strongly agreed that improved personal development, 78.5% strongly agreed that improved academic performance indicates student academic performance. Results from objective three reveal a strong positive correlation between academic performance improvement, educational document preparation, teaching techniques, course content, and slow learners treatment, suggesting effective policies and professional development time, and that they were positively and statistically correlated since most of their levels of significance were greater than 0.05 in association. Conclusion: It is advised that the Ministry of Education and the REB (Rwanda Education Board) develop effective policies and devote adequate time for CPD in schools. They should also organize school principals to enhance CPD practice. To offer effective, ongoing professional support for teachers, it is strongly suggested that certified CPD facilitators be recruited and principals skilled in educational leadership and management be hired throughout all secondary schools across different districts. Relevant professional training programs should be developed in response to the unique training requirements of professors. To do this, competent authorities at all levels must pay close attention to this issue. To improve their abilities, school principals should emphasize CPD and actively involve themselves in peer learning. There is a need to carry out a research on The study recommends more research into the effects of continuous profession development on teachers performance in teaching career.

Views and experiences of health visitors on an early literacy promotion intervention

Background: The advantages of early literacy activities in promoting infant and child development have been well documented in the literature as well as the effectiveness of relevant interventions implemented by health professionals. Yet, data on the perceptions and attitudes of primary health care providers about the implementation process of such interventions remain scarce. Objective: The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences and views of health visitors (n=13) in applying an early literacy promotion intervention during their practice in primary health settings. Methods: Data were collected through questionnaires with open ended questions and analyzed through thematic analysis. Results: Findings showed that parents welcomed the advice and were willing to introduce literacy-oriented activities with their children in their daily family routine. Parents’ and children’s receptiveness as well as health visitors’ own belief in the significance of the intervention were considered factors largely facilitating its implementation and success, despite time constrains and system level shortcomings. Continuing education was recommended both to provide constant support to health visitors, and also sensitize other members of the primary care team for program sustainability and expansion. Conclusions: The results of this study highlighted the importance of recording health professionals’ views, concerns and experiences on applying early literacy promotion so as to receive feedback on ameliorating relevant programs and maximizing their valuable impacts on infant and child development.

Ethnic health inequalities in cardiac rehabilitation: driving high-quality data

People of South Asian ethnicities are underserved by cardiac rehabilitation services, despite being more susceptible to developing cardiac risk factors and experiencing higher rates of cardiac-related mortality and hospitalisations. To reduce ethnic health inequalities and increase uptake and completion of cardiac rehabilitation, services must understand the demographic characteristics related to this population and make culturally relevant programme adaptations. Cardiovascular nurses can play a key role in improving the quality of data collection, identifying and reporting health inequalities and redesigning services to consider the needs of those who are most at risk.