Relevant Parties Research Articles

Study on the Protection and Rational Utilization of Personal Information in the Digital Era

Since the advent of the digital age, personal information has been collected and aggregated, evolving into a new type of asset through innovative data technologies, which has generated significant economic benefits in circulation. At the same time, the traditional approach to personal information protection, which primarily focuses on privacy, is no longer sufficient for the demands of the digital era and does not facilitate the realization of the social value of personal information. How can these interests be appropriately balanced in law, and how can the legitimate rights and interests of the relevant parties be protected? To address these issues, the Personal Information Protection Act was introduced. However, the implementation of this law still faces challenges related to conceptual definitions, self-determination, and the protection and utilization system. Therefore, this article will consider the Personal Information Protection Law and international legislative practices to clarify the legal attributes of personal information, define the concept, and outline the rights of the information subjects, as well as the duties, responsibilities, and liabilities of information processors. It aims to answer these questions from the perspective of integrating sectoral laws and safeguard mechanisms. The article also explores the balance between individual and societal interests, promoting the protection and rational use of personal information in the digital age.

Real-time privacy-preserved auditing for shared outsourced data

Health providers need to share patient information across healthcare networks efficiently and securely to improve medical and health services. Timely data synchronization among relevant parties is crucial for effectively containing and preventing the worsening of the condition. However, ensuring rapid information sharing while maintaining the security of sensitive patient data remains a pressing concern. In this paper, we introduce a cloud storage integrity auditing scheme that can protect auditors from procrastinating and preserve the privacy of sensitive information. Our proposed system requires healthcare institutions to encrypt sensitive patient data before uploading it to the cloud. It mandates the use of a data sanitizer for the secure processing of encrypted data blocks. Auditors must verify data integrity and promptly submit their audit results to the blockchain within a predefined time frame. Leveraging the time-sensitive nature of blockchain technology, healthcare institutions can monitor auditor compliance within the allotted validation timeframe. We conducted comprehensive security analysis and performance evaluations to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our solution in addressing the challenges of secure and timely cloud storage in healthcare settings.

Cooperation in Return-to-work Interventions for Common Mental Disorders: An Ideal Theory Analysis of Actors, Goals, and Ethical Obstacles.

The rise in the number of people on sick leave for common mental disorders is a growing concern, both from a societal and individual perspective. One common suggestion to improve the return-to-work process is increased cooperation between the relevant parties, including at least the employer, the social insurance agency and health care. This suggestion is often made on the presumption that all parties share the common goal of reintegrating the patient-employee back into the workplace. In this paper we investigate this presumption by mapping out the ethical frameworks of these three key actors in any return-to-work process. We show that although the goals of these actors often, and to a large extent, overlap there are potential differences and tensions between their respective goals. Further, we emphasise that there may be other limitations to an actor's participation in the process. In particular the health care system is required to respect patient autonomy and confidentiality. There is also an inherent tension in the dual roles of health care professionals as therapists and expert witnesses in work ability assessment. In conclusion, there are potential tensions between the key actors in the return-to-work process. These tensions need to be addressed in order to enable an increased cooperation between actors and to facilitate the development of a feasible plan of action for all parties, including the employee.

Health care providers`attitude and associated factors to safe abortion in Ethiopia, 2023: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

In sub-Saharan Africa, the number of maternal deaths due to unsafe abortions has been gradually rising. In Ethiopia, unplanned pregnancies contribute to 25% of births, accounting for 6%-9% of the maternal deaths resulting from unsafe abortions. Despite several disjointed cross-sectional studies that have been carried out in the past, there is no comprehensive data on the attitudes of healthcare practitioners and other related aspects regarding safe abortion in Ethiopia. This study attempted to measure pooled health care providers' attitudes and determinants of safe abortion in Ethiopia. African Journals Online, Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, Science Direct, Hinari, and Google Scholar were the databases that were accessed. The studies were evaluated critically by using the Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal methods. The study followed the recommendations set forth by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Data were extracted in an Excel spreadsheet and imported to STATA versions 17 software for meta-analysis. The random- effects model was used to pooled the health care providers' attitudes toward safe abortion. Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Q-test and I2 statistics (I squared statistics). To evaluate publication bias, egger's tests and funnel plots were employed. Forest plot was used to present the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval. In this review and meta-analysis, a total of eight papers with a 2,826 sample size were considered. Overall, 65.49% of Ethiopian health care professionals had a positive attitude towards safe abortion (95%CI: 49.64, 81.34; I2 = 99.20%, P = 0.000). Knowledge of the abortion law (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.06, 3.43), being a male provider (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.54), receiving training on abortion (OR = 2.91, 95% CI: 1.17, 4.65), working as a midwife (OR = 3.029, 95% CI: 1.605, 4.453) and practicing abortion procedures (OR = 2.55, 95% CI: 1.32, 3.78) were positively associated with the attitudes of the providers regarding safe abortion in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, there was a low pooled prevalence of positive attitude towards safe abortion. Safe abortion services in Ethiopia are more likely to be viewed favorably by health care professionals who have received abortion service training and are familiar with abortion laws. As a result, it is imperative that all healthcare facilities and other relevant parties ensure that health professionals receive training on safe abortion services and are aware of Ethiopia's abortion laws.

Developing a High Velocity Dataset Quality Checking Pipeline

ObjectiveThe volume and frequency of refreshed data within the [organisation] has increased significantly since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, a more efficient data quality (DQ) checking process was necessary. Approach Having previously developed an automated DQ checking tool, the focus was on re-engineering the process of DQ task allocation and communication of results. Results 5 analysts were trained in DQ checking. A JIRA workflow tracks the management of data loading. When a dataset is ready for DQ, the Data Manager allocates a ticket to the DQ Lead who then allocates it onto one of the 5 analysts. Via a DQ Slack channel, the analyst is informed and acknowledges receipt of the task. On completion of DQ, the analyst updates the ticket and transfers it to the appropriate workflow stage. Passed DQ tickets are transferred to the Data Manager for data release, whereas failed ones are placed “On Hold”. The DQ Lead triages the issues and liaises with relevant parties for resolution, which may require data amendments. On receipt of amended data, the DQ ticket is transferred back to the queue and the analyst is notified to re-check the data. ConclusionsThe team now complete a high volume of DQ checks efficiently. In 2023, 405 datasets, containing 1716 tables, were quality checked, with the initial DQ taking, on average, 2.6 days. Implications The improved speed of DQ checking ensures projects access the latest available data whilst maintaining the expected DQ levels, integrity and reputation of the TRE.

Analisis Penerapan Inovasi Digital pada Pariwisata Berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Semarang

Semarang Regency is one of Central Java's leading tourist destinations with the attraction of Gedong Songo Temple and Rawa Pening. In addition, Semarang Regency also has other tourism wealth in the form of 51 interesting tourist attractions and 55 tourist villages that are always active and continuously developed. Sustainable digital innovation helps to apply the latest digital technology to achieve creative solutions that will address long-term social, economic, and environmental problems. This study aims to determine the urgency and application of digital innovation in sustainable tourism in Semarang Regency. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data were collected through triangulation techniques including interviews, observation, and documentation. Data validity was tested through credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The data obtained were analyzed using qualitative methods starting from the pre-field stage, while in the field, until after the field activities were completed. The results show that the main implementation of Digital Innovation in Semarang Regency is the implementation of APIKS by the Tourism Office. However, there are challenges regarding technology adoption by local communities and the need for ongoing training, which require further attention from various relevant parties. This research is expected to provide an overview and serve as an evaluation of the importance of digital innovation in sustainable tourism management and suggests that local governments offer greater support in the form of policies and training programs to improve community digital skills. Future research can further explore the long-term impact of digital innovation on the social and environmental aspects of tourism.

Peran Pengguna Media Sosial X dalam Pencegahan Bullying: Studi pada Remaja GBI Kamboja Depok

Bullying has become a phenomenon that has garnered global attention due to its negative impact on individual well-being. Particularly, the development of technology and the penetration of social media have expanded the scope of bullying, including at Gereja Bethel Indonesia (GBI) in Cambodia. This research aims to understand the role of teenagers in preventing bullying on social media, focusing on their contributions in finding solutions quietly. The study uses a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews with several active teenagers on social media platform X from the GBI Cambodia community. The research employs the concept of the Spiral of Silence. The findings indicate that GBI Cambodia teenagers play a crucial role in identifying, understanding, and responding to bullying on social media platforms. The study shows that church teenagers initially tend to feel afraid or hesitant to express opinions on bullying prevention due to their perception as a minority group. However, through interactions on social media platform X, some members of this minority group have managed to break the spiral of silence by courageously voicing their opinions. The results of this research provide valuable insights into the role of teenagers in combating bullying on social media. Practical implications include the need for a collaborative approach between teenagers, families, churches, and other relevant parties to develop effective solutions. Additionally, this study contributes theoretically to the understanding of how teenagers can become agents of change in fighting bullying in a digital context.

Preface

Indonesia is a country rich in demersal and crustacean fish resources (such as snapper, grouper, crab, crab, shrimp, lobster, etc.). The high biodiversity and abundance of this group of fish resources is due to Indonesia has coral reefs, as well as extensive shallow coastal waters. The biodiversity of demersal and crustase fish resources has not been fully managed properly, even though the demersal and crustase fisheries sector contributes greatly to the country’s economy. The challenges faced by demersal and frustrated fisheries are getting tougher, ranging from population decline due to overfishing, environmental/habitat degradation, business aspects after the COVID-19 pandemic, to global issues such as climate change. The trends and scientific status of fisheries resources need to be well understood as a benchmark for scientific development and responding to future challenges. In this case, scientific forums can be one of the necessary vehicles where relevant parties can discuss various challenges, alternative solutions, and important issues that exist today and in the future in the context of developing science and sustainable management of fisheries resources. The Department of Aquatic Resources Management (ARM), Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences (FFMS), IPB University took the initiative to hold the International Seminar on Demersal and Crustacean Fisheries Management (ISDCFM). The seminar was held hybrid at the IPB International Convention Center, Bogor on August 2-3, 2023. The ISDCFM was the first international seminar that emphasizes the direction and strategy of sustainable management, as well as promoting better governance of demersal and crustacean fisheries, by collecting research results in various aspects, from basic to applied science development, down to the policy and trade side. The seminar covers several topics including ecology, habitat, and conservation of the species, product and technology diversification, domestication and cultivation of the species, social-ecological systems and fisheries management, and blue economy fishing industry. The seminar was attended by six keynote speakers, 56 oral presentations, and 11 poster presentations. Presenters come from at least eight countries: Indonesia, United Kingdom, Sri Lanka, Sudan, China, Japan, and Czech Republic. The total participants of this activity were 147 participants, both national and international. Six keynote speakers were experts from various fields, including Dr. Agus Suherman from the Directorate General of Capture Fisheries MMAF, Prof. Dr. Luky Adrianto from the IPB University, Poly Burns from Marine Stewardship Council, Amber von Harten from Sustainable Fisheries Partnership, Dr. Petrus Johannes Mous from Yayasan Konservasi Alam Nusantara, and Kuncoro Catur Nugroho from Indonesian Blue Swimming Crab Association. Many new ideas, insights, methodologies, and state-of-the-art science can be studied and adopted to improve our work in this important area. There have been many interesting and useful presentations in plenary and interactive sessions. Many good experiences have been shared and lessons learned, including in the aspects of ecology, fisheries management, and social economic of demersal and crustacean resources. We would like to take this opportunity to thank all partners, namely the Department of Aquatic Resources Management (ARM IPB University), Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences (FFMS IPB University), Indonesian Blue Swimming Crab Association (APRI), and Indonesian Demersal Association (ADI). Also, we would like to thank all the speakers, reviewers, and the committee for organizing this event and ensuring it runs smoothly. List of Editorial team and Organizing Committees are available in this Pdf.

Optimization of Process Loading Clinker to MV. Star Royal by PT. Varia Usaha Bahari at Maspion Port Gresik

The main focus of this research is to find out the process of loading clinker onto the MV. Star Royal that the activity is running optimally. The factors include in this research loading and unloading equipment, facilities and infrastructure, human resources, weather conditions. This research will identify each of these factors and analyze their impact on the overall clinker loading process. The research method used in the study is a qualitative method involving direct observation in the field, interviews with relevant parties at PT Varia Usaha Bahari, and analysis of data related to the clinker loading process. With a comprehensive approach, this research aims to provide concrete and implementable recommendations to improve the optimization of the clinker loading process at Maspion Gresik Port. The results of this research are expected to make a positive contribution in improving the performance of PT Varia Usaha Bahari in carrying out clinker loading activities on other vessels. With a deeper understanding of the factors that influence the clinker loading process, it is expected that the company can implement a more optimized strategy in the clinker loading process to better achieve their goals in the future.

Blockchain Technology as an Approach for Enhancing Communication in the Construction Industry

Abstract The construction industry has long grappled with the challenge of establishing effective communication and collaboration systems among its stakeholders. Consequently, there is a pressing need for a digital platform that can seamlessly connect all relevant parties and enhance communication. One promising solution lies in the adoption of blockchain technology (BCT), which operates as a distributed ledger system supporting triple-entry accounting. The problem that motivated this work is the inefficient communication between multiple parties within a specific part of the chain. This inefficiency results in the exchange of erroneous and outdated documents, including frequent design changes and engineering drawing errors. The research aim is to investigate the role of BCT in enhancing communication within the construction industry. To achieve this aim, a qualitative approach is employed. First, a comprehensive literature review explores the impact of BCT on communication enhancement in construction. Second, a case study is presented, focusing on the implementation of BCT during the construction of a new bridge. The results from both the literature review and the case study underscore the strong correlation between BCT adoption and improved communication and collaboration among diverse stakeholders in the construction industry.

INTEGRATED SOCIAL SERVICES AT SOCIAL WELFARE CENTER IN LEBAK SILIWANGI COBLONG DISTRICT BANDUNG CITY

This research aims to describe in depth the integration of social services in the social assistance program carried out by Puskesos Kelurahan Lebak Siliwangi Coblong Kota Bandung with the use of an integrative social services approach, i.e., coordination of services, cooperation, collaboration, and interprofessional. The results of the research obtained show that Puskesos Lebak Siliwangi has integrated social services into the social assistance program with the Social Services Office of Bandung City, the National Amil Zakat Agency (Baznas) of the city of Bandung, and the Rumah Amal Salman. The integration of services in the social assistance program carried out by Puskesos with the relevant parties has been done well, but there are obstacles experienced, such as inaccuracy of information of the recipients of assistance when communicating with the related parties, lack of special appreciation by the service provider, and no brainstorming in the collaboration carried on. All these problems lie on one focus of the problem, which is the lack of joint evaluation of the service process that has been ongoing.

Is Islamic Banking Sustainable in Terms of Financial Performance? Empirical Evidence from GCC Countries

The aim of this study is to evaluate the Islamic banking sector with the help of financial performance criteria and to reveal whether the sector is sustainable or not. The sustainability analysis uses the latest unit root tests that take into account Fourier expansions. The study uses unit root tests, which are generally used to analyze the sustainability of public debt, with updated versions that differ from the literature and with the help of financial performance indicators of the banking sector for sustainability analysis. The study uses the data of the Islamic banking sector operating in the member countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) for the 4th quarter of 2013 and the 2nd quarter of 2022. The quarterly data of “ROA, ROE and Net Profit Margin” are considered as financial performance indicators for sustainability analysis. Although the results of the empirical analysis show different results for each of the financial indicators of Islamic banking in the analyzed countries, in general it shows that the Islamic banking sector operating in all GCC countries except the UAE is sustainable in terms of the financial indicators used in at least one category. These results show that the development of Islamic banking is real and promising for the future. Therefore, the development of projects that contribute to the development of the Islamic financial sector and the support of this sector is an important responsibility for the relevant parties. It is expected that these results will provide important signals to the policymakers of the respective countries and contribute to the healthy development of the Islamic banking sector.

Optimalisasi Parimeter Di Wilayah Airside Di Bandar Udara Oesman Sadik Labuha Terhadap Keamanan Penerbangan

Airports play a crucial role in the transportation system, linking flights with ground transportation and supporting the global economy. Flight safety is a top priority, and one important aspect of ensuring it is the optimization of the perimeter in the airport's airside area. At Oesman Sadik Airport, there is an issue with inadequate runway fencing, which causes the public to frequently approach the runway and threaten flight safety. This study aims to identify the constraints in optimizing the perimeter in the airside area of Oesman Sadik Airport and provide recommendations to enhance the security system for better flight safety.This study uses a descriptive qualitative method to evaluate perimeter optimization in the airside area of Oesman Sadik Airport in September 2023. The subjects are airport employees, and the object of the study is the perimeter system itself. Primary data is collected through interviews and observations, while secondary data includes documents such as SOPs and airport maps. Data analysis involves reduction, presentation, and verification. Data validity is tested using source and method triangulation. The research steps include observation, problem identification, planning, data collection, analysis, and conclusion.The results show that steps for optimizing the perimeter at Oesman Sadik Airport include utilizing advanced technology, enhancing security personnel, and physical improvements to significantly improve flight safety. Addressing the constraints in optimization requires a structured approach, including a thorough evaluation of security needs, efficient resource allocation, strong partnerships with relevant parties, and the implementation of innovative and adaptive solutions to face technical and environmental security challenges at the airport.

Wise Use of Technology : Fostering IMTAQ and IPTEK in The Pesantren Region of Cianjur Regency, West Java

This community service aims to foster IMTAQ (Faith and Piety) and IPTEK (Science and Technology) in the pesantren (Islamic boarding school) region of Cianjur Regency, West Java. The focus of the community service is on how pesantren can integrate modern technology to strengthen religious and academic education. The methods applied in this service involved a participatory approach and collaboration with relevant parties. The results showed that the integration of technology in pesantren not only improves the quality of learning but also facilitates the balanced development of student's character in both IMTAQ and IPTEK. This study highlighted the importance of training and capacity building for educators and the need for policies that support the wise use of technology in the pesantren environment. The community service had successfully demonstrated the transformative potential of integrating faith-based education with modern technological advancements. Through a series of targeted interventions and collaborative efforts, the project achieved several significant outcomes. Thus, pesantren can become a model of education that combines traditional values with technological advancements to produce a generation that is both religious and knowledgeable.

The use of conceptual models to structure stock assessments: A tool for collaboration and for “modelling what to model”

Conceptual models are simplified representations of the main components and processes of a dynamic system, the mechanisms by which they are related, and the ways they are observed (i.e., the data generating processes). Constructing a conceptual model (CM) should be the first step when planning a new stock assessment or updating previous assessments, because it can improve the modelling process by guiding the workflow and “modelling what to model”. CMs should be built by summarizing information about a system while also proposing hypotheses or assumptions about the uncertainties and unknown aspects. Several steps are necessary to build a CM: 1) gather known information about the species and the fisheries that interact with it, 2) state the objectives of the stock assessment, 3) define the spatial scale, 4) define the temporal scale, and 5) outline components and processes of the system (biological, fisheries and observation processes) and what drives them. Initial draft CMs should be based on the best available science and constructed using the fundamental principles of ecology, socioecology, fisheries and other relevant sciences. CMs offer a framework for integrating knowledge across domains, and benefit from an elicitation process. The elicitation process is a set of deliberate activities (e.g., workshops) that allow other experts and relevant parties to contribute with their knowledge to enrich draft CMs. CMs are not static entities but rather dynamic constructs that can identify future research directions and evolve to incorporate new insights and knowledge. Fisheries systems for highly migratory pelagic species in the Pacific Ocean (north Pacific Albacore tuna, eastern Pacific Dorado, and south Pacific Swordfish) are used as examples to illustrate how to develop CMs, and demonstrate improvements to the subsequent assessment models following development of the CMs.

A New Process Model for Relationship-Centred Shared Decision-Making in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Settings.

We present a relationship-centred shared-decision-making (RCSDM)process model to explicate factors that shape decision-making processes during physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR) encounters among patients, their care partnersand practitioners. Existing shared decision-making (SDM) models fall short in addressing the everyday decisions routinely made regarding persons with chronic disabilities who require high levels of support, their care partnersand rehabilitation practitioners. In PMR, these everyday decisions are small scale, immediateand in service to a larger therapeutic goal. They can be thought of as micro-decisionsand involve multiple practitioners, care partnersand patients. How micro-decisions are made in this context is contingent on multiple roles and relationships among these relevant parties. Our model centres on micro-decisions among patients, their care partnersand practitioners based on our disorders of consciousness (DoC) research. To develop our model, we examined peer-reviewed literature in SDM in PMR, chronic disabilityand person-centeredness; formed collaborations and co-created our constructs with rehabilitation practitioners and with care partners who have lived experience of caring for persons with DoC; analysed emerging empirical dataand vetted early versions with expert scientific and clinical audiences. Our model builds from the core tenets of relational autonomy,and scholarship and activism of disability advocates. Our model conceptualizes four non-hierarchical levels of analysis to understand the process of micro-decision-making in chronic disability and medical rehabilitation: social forces (historical and sociological); roles and relationships (multiple and intersecting); relational dimensions (interactional and contextual)and micro-decision moments (initiation, responseand closure). Relationships among patients, their care partnersand practitioners are the intersubjective milieu within which decisions are made. Our conceptual model explicates the process of micro-decision-making in PMR. Care partners (or caregivers) and rehabilitation practitioners are active members of our team. We work together to develop research projects, collect, analyseand disseminate data. The conceptual model we present in this manuscript was co-created-input from care partners and practitioners on previously collected data became the impetus to develop the RCSDM process model and share co-authorship in this manuscript.

Reproductive and sexual health literacy and associated factors among late-adolescent high school students in Arba Minch and Sawla towns, Southern Ethiopia, 2023: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundAdequate literacy in reproductive and sexual health is essential for adolescents to obtain, comprehend, evaluate and apply information necessary for making well-informed decisions, as low literacy leads to harmful decision-making,...

FINANCIAL PLANNING AMONG YOUTH DURING THE COVID- 19 ERA: A LESSON

The lack of money management among youthhas become a growing concern. The issue cannot be solved simply by providing more savings and spending more money on development and management. There is an urgent need for a better understanding of the current and potential role of financial planning in meeting the needs of life, especially when any shock occurs in a country. Thus, adopting a strategic approach needs to be planned and managed so that the youth generation can carry out its function and roles in financial planning. This research aims to study the factors that influence financial planning and money management among youth. Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) will be used as a baseline to explain the current needs of financial management among youth. Factors like financial literacy, financial attitude and perceived behavioral control were incorporated in this study to see the impact on financial management especially during the economic shock of COVID-19. The results show that the youth generation have a better tendency to manage their financial, in condition they have receive the appropriate financial knowledge form the relevant parties. This knowledge will then form a correct direction of attitude on financial management. Furthermore, the interpretation of how easy it is to control their finance also will depend on the information received. With the result obtained, all parties including the government could do an early preparation in order to equip the young generation with the suitable program hence reducing the problem of high indebtedness.

USE OF FILM MEDIA IN INCREASING STUDENTS' UNDERSTANDING IN HISTORY LEARNING AT SMAN 1 MEDAN

This research aims to explore and analyze the use of film media in increasing students' understanding of history at SMA Negeri 1 Medan. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. This research involves direct observation, interviews, and document analysis to gain an in-depth understanding of how the film medium is used and its impact on student understanding. Research findings show that the use of film media can increase student engagement in history learning, relive historical context, and facilitate understanding of complex concepts. Apart from that, student interaction with film media also strengthens information retention and motivates learning. The implication of this research is the importance of considering the use of film media as an effective learning tool in the context of history learning in high schools. The importance of developing students' media literacy is also highlighted in this research. Teachers need to provide systematic teaching on how to analyze, evaluate and understand messages conveyed through film media so that students can become intelligent and critical media consumers. Apart from that, collaboration between teachers, students, parents and the community is also important in supporting the use of film media in history learning. By involving all relevant parties, the use of film media can become an integral part of the school curriculum and make a significant contribution to achieving national education goals. Overall, this research confirms that the use of film media is a potential tool for increasing students' understanding of learning history at SMA Negeri 1 Medan. However, its use needs to be integrated with a holistic approach, paying attention to aspects of media literacy, fair representation and collaboration between stakeholders. In this way, a richer, more relevant and meaningful learning experience can be created for students to understand their historical heritage.

Green Value Chain Costs and Their Role in Achieving Sustainable Competitive Advantage

Iraqi companies suffer from a significant waste of resources and an increase in the costs of operations and materials for producing the 2-ton window air conditioner. The reason is that these Iraqi companies did not apply green technologies in their activities and operations. The research aims to develop a 2-ton window air conditioner through the use of green value chain technology, focusing on the activities of green research and development, and green design through (replacement, redesign) to achieve the dimensions of sustainable competitive advantage represented by (cost, quality, flexibility, and concern for the environment). . In his study, the researcher relied on the company’s data for the year 2023, in addition to repeatedly visiting the factory and conducting personal interviews with relevant parties. The researchers reached several conclusions, including that redesigning the heat exchanger from 4 rows to 3 rows will lead to reducing costs by an amount of 20,306 dinars for materials and production processes and increasing the efficiency of cooling performance, in addition to reducing the time of production operations from 45 minutes to 35 minutes, and replacing the gas is unnecessary. Environmentally friendly using environmentally friendly gas will lead to increased performance efficiency, reduced costs, and preservation of the environment due to the inability of environmentally friendly gas to deplete the ozone layer.