Relevant Organization Research Articles

PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE FORMATION OF TOLERANT INTERACTION IN FUTURE MASTERS OF MEDICAL EDUCATION WITH PATIENTS

The article deals with pedagogical conditions of forming tolerant interaction in future masters of medical education with their patients. The field of formation of tolerant interaction in future masters of medical education with patients is the cultural and educational environment of medical school. The determining factor influencing the formation of tolerant interaction in future masters of medical education with patients is the relevant organization of the educational process and appropriate choice of learning methods in the work with students.To achieve the aim, a set of research methods is used: theoretical (analysis, comparison, generalization and systematization of scientific data). It is revealed that the process of forming of tolerant interaction in future masters of medical education with patients will be effective under the following pedagogical conditions:actualization of the potential of the professional training content in the formation of tolerant interaction of medical students with patients; the use of interactive methods in the educational process of higher medical school aimed at the formation of tolerance as a professionally important quality of medical students, and also the skills of constructive interpersonal tolerant interaction; the use of facilitative training technologies of tolerant interaction of medical students with patients in extracurricular activities of the higher medical school. The analysis of the features of different methods of active learning shows that there is no clear boundary between them as they are characterized by multifunctionality. In our opinion, the greatest effect in the formation of tolerant interaction in future masters of medical education with patients would be achieved by the complex application of different methods of active training, taking into account the possibilities of modeling by their subject and social context of medical activity.

FRAND Licensing Levels under EU Law

This paper investigates whether EU or national law provides legal authority to impose a direct or indirect obligation on Standard Essential Patent (“SEP”) holders to license at all levels of the value chain, including at component level (“license to all”, hereafter LTA). It concludes that neither patent law, competition law nor general principles of EU law impose an obligation on SEP owners to license at all levels of the production chain. Whether there exists an LTA obligation is primarily a matter of contract law and depends on the precise text of the FRAND commitment made to the relevant Standard-Setting Organisation (SSO). The ETSI FRAND commitment, which is of special relevance in the European context and is governed by French law, does not impose an LTA regime. With the exception of IEEE, other SSOs also do not seem to impose a contractual duty to license to all levels of the production chain. However, what EU law and FRAND commitments do require is access to the standard. Such access can be achieved in different ways: by having a direct license; by selling standard-implementing components to licensed end-device manufacturers (indirect licence); by concluding non-assertion agreements; or even without any licence or authorization at all if the SEP owner has a policy of monetising its SEPs only at one level of the production chain and does not enforce its patents against others.

Analysis and Design of Interruptible Gas Contract in China under Energy Market Reform

Under the background of economic development, energy security and environmental demands, the development of clean and low-carbon energy has promoted natural gas and non-fossil energy to become the main direction of world energy development. China’s natural gas consumer market has wide seasonal peaks and valleys. Because China’s natural gas peak shaving practices have some problems, we concluded that interruptible gas management has become a viable short-term emergency peak shaving method for natural gas systems in the transition period. In this paper, we take Shaanxi Province as an example. From the perspective of option pricing, this paper explains the method of using interruptible gas management to deal with the short-term supply and demand imbalance of natural gas. Therefore, we propose an interruptible gas contract trading mode, discuss the content of the interruptible gas contract and the relevant market organization form, and try to use the Black–Scholes model to calculate the option price of the interruptible gas contract. Finally, based on the price of interruptible gas and the option price of the interruptible gas contract to meet the maximum capacity shortage constraint, a provincial natural gas pipeline network company’s optimal purchase model for the interruptible gas was established, and the model was solved using the dynamic queuing method. The results show that the interruptible gas contract can not only reduce the market risk of the provincial natural gas pipeline network company and maintain the stable operation of the gas pipeline, but also reduce the cost of the interruptible users and make up for gas shortage losses.

Avrupa Birliği’ne Üyelik Sürecinde Türk Kamu Yönetiminin Kurumsal Kapasitesi

The development of Turkey’s administration capacity necessary for the orientation, monitoring and coordination of the preparatory work for its membership to the European Union has reached an important level. For the foreseeable future, the transformation and the administration level of the relevant body is directly affected by the relations between Turkey and the EU, and, in turn, this affects the relations between them. The body was first established as the General Secretary for EU Affairs under the Prime Ministry. Later, it became an independent body and was named the Ministry for EU Affairs. More recently , it started functioning under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as the Directorate for EU Affairs . In case of Turkey becoming a member of the EU, the directorate for EU Affairs will also be in charge of the coordination of the postmembership process. Not only has the Directorate’s place within the administrative structure changed after the passage to the presidential system but its internal structure has also changed extensively. Monitoring the institutional development of the directorate in recent history and the relevant organization in other ministries will shed light on the administrative capacity in the membership process. In addition, positive developments in the relations between Turkey and the EU will allow us to reinterpret the administrative position of the Directorate. This study, based on an institutionalist approach, reveals the institutional capacity of the Directorate for EU Affairs and of other relevant public administration by analyzing the relevant legislation and the activity reports of the body. Although the Directorate has accumulated the necessary administrative experience stemming from a long period of candidacy and membership negotiations, its administrative motivation has decreased in the last few years due to the stagnation observed in the relations between the parties.

Displacing and translocating hazel dormice (Muscardinus avellanarius) as road development mitigation measures

Road development can remove valuable wildlife habitat and reduce habitat connectivity. Where such works impact on European Protected Species in the UK, such as hazel dormice (Muscardinus avellanarius), mitigation is required to satisfy the relevant Statutory Nature Conservation Organisation licensing process. The study described here concerns the removal of dense road verge landscape planting occupied by hazel dormice prior to the construction of a new road junction and slip roads on a dual carriageway in Wales. Pre-construction monitoring started in May 2007, followed by vegetation clearance between August and September. Dormice were displaced into retained habitat through maximum daily vegetation clearance of 30 m lengths (varying widths), in parallel with translocation. This process resulted in the discovery of 48 natural (i.e. not within a nest box) dormouse nests, and the capture of 29 dormice for translocation; 90% were successfully released. Whilst within soft-release cages prior to release, dormice preferred a diet of blackberries (Rubus fruticosus agg.) and freshly picked hazel (Corylus avellana) nuts, prompting a recommendation for early Autumn (mid-August – September) as the ideal translocation season. Other recommendations for displacing and translocating dormice are provided, albeit limited in the absence of comprehensive pre-construction, and post-translocation monitoring.

ON THE NEW DIMENSIONS IN THE CONTENT AND TEACHING OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL AID IN THE CHANGING WORLD

The traditional concept of international legal aid among the judicial authorities of different states in civil and criminal matters has, in a sense, limited the capacity and possibilities to its study. In addition, the need to use information and communication technologies in education during the pandemic is not fully matched by available materials and techniques. This study aims to identify new dimensions in the content and teaching of international legal aid. The subject under consideration may be supplemented by the issues of inter-state legal assistance in administrative matters, interaction between a particular state and the relevant international organization (or inter-state body) in the various forms of international legal assistance. This article focuses on a number of educational technologies aimed at forming the necessary competences of the students of legal master’s programs. One of them is to follow a definite algorithm when writing a comment for a judgment with the possibility to monitor and control the results of work through information platforms. Another technology is to adapt the pedagogical method of researching a media text (in this case, a feature film) in a project research seminar on a given topic. Finally, the fresh insight into the possibilities of examining the procedure for the fulfilling of requests for international legal aid by means of videoconferencing is given, since these means are in particular demand under the current circumstances. The results of the study include proposals to change the structure of the discipline and to develop training technologies. New dimensions in the content and teaching of international legal aid are aimed at improving the results of master’s studies in the changing world and will undoubtedly contribute to the development of quality legal education.

Proposing an Electronic System for Following-up and Managing the Field Training: Palestine Ahliya University as a Case

Obviously, digital technology offers simplified solutions to solve or mitigate problems in general. In the academic sector in particular, the field training is one of the core courses that students must enroll during the third and fourth academic year, where the students have manually to select a relevant organization or institution based on their specialization. The academic staff and hosting institutions do not supervise the trainees as required due to lack of communication between them, wrong selection of the hosting institutions by students in some cases, limited following-up the trainees, thus leading to uncertainty in the number of training hours and reports required by students. These problems can be addressed or mitigated by proposing an electronic training system improving the communication between supervisors of field training, host institutions, and trainees and thus solving most of the mentioned problems. Based on this e-training system, the training unit at the university could therefore follow-up the trainees and thus improve the communication and cooperation with the training institutions. It will also definitely contribute in improving the training task itself for the students. In this proposed paper, the importance of the proposed system was presented. Other related systems were mentioned and used as references in the analysis stage. In the analytical stage, data was collected using 3 different questionnaires developed for students, supervising staff, and for the training institutions. Consequently, obstacles and problems faced these entities were extracted and mentioned. Finally, a preliminary design was proposed in this paper to develop and implement an electronic training system at Palestine Ahliya University.

Smart Health Monitoring System based on IoT and Cloud Computing

This paper presents a secure IoT-based health monitoring system that shortens the distance between a patient and the relevant medical organization. Vital signals captured from sensors are processed and encrypted using AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) algorithm before sending to the cloud for storage. A Node MCU microcontroller is utilized to carry out the processing and encryption functions, and for providing connectivity to the cloud over WiFi. In addition, a medical specialist can visualize the private health data in real-time only after providing decryption credentials. Moreover, the proposed system provides an alert by sending an email to some patient relatives or coordinating specialist if vital signs are outside the normal rates. The proposed system provides privacy, security, and real-time connectivity for private health data records.

Bovine pericardial extracellular matrix niche modulates human aortic endothelial cell phenotype and function

Xenogeneic biomaterials contain biologically relevant extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and organization, making them potentially ideal surgical grafts and tissue engineering scaffolds. Defining the effect of ECM niche (e.g., basement membrane vs. non-basement membrane) on repopulating cell phenotype and function has important implications for use of xenogeneic biomaterials, particularly in vascular applications. We aim to understand how serous (i.e., basement membrane) versus fibrous (i.e., non-basement membrane) ECM niche of antigen-removed bovine pericardium (AR-BP) scaffolds influence human aortic endothelial cell (hAEC) adhesion, growth, phenotype, inflammatory response and laminin production. At low and moderate seeding densities hAEC proliferation was significantly increased on the serous side. Similarly, ECM niche modulated cellular morphology, with serous side seeding resulting in a more rounded aspect ratio and intact endothelial layer formation. At moderate seeding densities, hAEC production of human laminin was enhanced following serous seeding. Finally, inflammatory marker and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression decreased following long-term cell growth regardless of seeding side. This work demonstrates that at low and moderate seeding densities AR-BP sidedness significantly impacts endothelial cell growth, morphology, human laminin production, and inflammatory state. These findings suggest that ECM niche has a role in modulating response of repopulating recipient cells toward AR-BP scaffolds for vascular applications.

Universal screening for social determinants of health in pediatric sickle cell disease: A quality-improvement initiative.

Social determinants of health (SDoH) are socioeconomic factors that influence health outcomes. Guidelines recommend universal screening for SDoH at clinic visits; however, models that do not require additional resources are limited in subspecialty clinics. Individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) face the burdens of chronic illness and often racial disparities, both of which may increase their vulnerability to adverse SDoH. Hematologists can impact both quality of life and clinical outcomes for their patients by implementing screening and referral programs addressing SDoH. Through prospective, quality-improvement methods, we introduced universal screening for SDoH into our pediatric hematology clinic. The intervention was a paper screener followed by a referral to local community organizations for the specific needs endorsed. The aims of this study were to determine the feasibility of universal screening for SDoH in a busy subspeciality clinic using pre-existing resources to identify the needs of our patients and to facilitate referrals between our patients and community organizations via this low touch intervention. Between August 2017 and November 2018, 156 screens were completed. Sixty-six percent were positive for at least one unmet social need for which 80% were referred to a relevant community organization. Forty-five percent of patients available via follow-up phone call reached out to the community organization. There is a high burden of SDoH in families of children with SCD. Universal screening at a pediatric hematology clinic with the subsequent connection of patients with SCD to community resources is feasible using existing clinic resources.

Efficiency of the organization of personal choice in the development by the students of the methods of creative activity

The reasons for introducing opportunity of a choice in lesson structure as an intrinsic feature of teacher personality has been represented. And it demands relevant organization in the process of professional training. The correlation between the readiness of a teacher to act under conditions of uncertainty and the readiness of students to choose ways of creative activities has been substantiated. The basic aspects of organization of students' personal choice of ways of creative activities, for example, heuristic tasks, have been examined. The factors, which raise or lower the effectiveness of organization of that choice, have been highlighted.

Premarital Sexual Behaviour and its Impact on Health among Adolescents

More than two-thirds of young people in developed nations have sexual intercourse while still in their teens. The most vulnerable group of premarital sexual behaviour are youths and adolescents. The aim of the study is to assess factors affecting premarital sex behaviours among adolescents and its impact on health. This study is based on the review of secondary information published by the relevant organization and authors in Nepal and beyond. Study materials were primarily identified searching through Electronic databases and Software bases. Age group of 10-19 called as adolescents during the period, there is drastic development in physical, cognitive, social and emotional development. There are multidimensional factors that leads to premarital sexual behaviour. Parent relationship withtheir children and family environment, societal environment, cultural and traditional rules and values, economic condition, school environment, peer's relationship, love and affairs, communications (mobiles, internet-pone movies etc.) and rules and regulation are the risk factors that affect in premarital sexual behaviour of the adolescents. Sex after marriage is fruitful but having a premarital sex with mutual understanding with full protection is not a big issue. Unwanted pregnancy, teenage pregnancy, abortion, STIs, HIV/AIDS, regrets, guilt, loss of self-respect, depression, loss of family support, substance abuse and even suicidal death are the health impact of premarital sexual behaviour among adolescents.

How athletes’ rights can be better protected when it comes to retroactive Therapeutic Use Exemptions

Therapeutic Use Exemptions (‘TUEs’) provide athletes a route to take prohibited substances for medically supported therapeutic reasons without violating anti-doping rules. They were instituted for the purpose of protecting an athlete’s right to medical care; however, the current retroactive TUE policy under the World Anti-Doping Program fails to uphold this right. In order to obtain a retroactive TUE, athletes are required to prove not only that they meet the criteria for obtaining a prospective TUE (i.e., their use of a prohibited substance or method is medically necessary and will not enhance their performance above a normal state of health) but also that their circumstances fall into one of four ‘exceptions’. The ‘fairness provision’—the last of the four exceptions—is the ‘catch-all’ provision that permits athletes to receive a retroactive TUE only if both the World Anti-Doping Agency (‘WADA’) and the relevant Anti-Doping Organization agree that fairness requires the grant of a retroactive TUE. Since its inception, this ‘fairness provision’ has been narrowly interpreted by TUE Committees, thus preventing athletes from avoiding anti-doping rule violations even in instances where they have met the test to obtain a prospective TUE. The Ultimate Fighting Championship’s (‘UFC’) TUE Policy, in contrast to WADA’s policy, more broadly permits athletes to obtain retroactive TUEs, in the end helping them avoid getting caught up in the anti-doping system. As the fourth edition of the WADA Code will be approved in the next year, we believe WADA stakeholders should consider a broader and more equitable use of the ‘fairness’ provision or adapt its policy to better protect all athletes’ right to medical care.

Endoscopic sphincterotoMy for delayIng choLecystectomy in mild acute biliarY pancreatitis (EMILY study): protocol of a multicentre randomised clinical trial

IntroductionAccording to the literature, early cholecystectomy is necessary to avoid complications related to gallstones after an initial episode of acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP). A randomised, controlled multicentre trial (the PONCHO...

Réussir une démarche de certification ISO 9001 v 2015 en investigation clinique

In order to evaluate the performance of this quality approach applied to all UHC investigations, the Investigation Department is committed to obtaining an ISO 9001:2015 certification. The quality division of the investigation department conducted the project according to a methodology, based on internal and external evaluations to determine an inventory and the retro-planning of the certification approach. The scope of the certification involved the investigation department of the University Hospital: 24 clinical investigation units, over 500 medical staff, 150 non-medical staff. In our certification approach, the client was the promoter of the clinical study. The process lasted 18 months and included phases of training and awareness-raising for all the staff involved. The quality management system of the investigation department has been revised and improved in accordance with current regulations. The Investigation Department obtained the ISO 9001:2015 certification for all clinical investigations at the Nantes University Hospital in June 2017 without any non-compliance. Our work shows that the investigation department has successfully adapted the ISO 9001:2015 standard to institutional clinical research. The certification for specific activities in clinical investigation is the guarantee of an optimized and relevant organization for the safety of volunteers, participating in clinical research as well as the scientific quality of the research and contributes to the satisfaction of sponsors.

The Role of Civil Society Organizations in Creating Conflict Resolution through Multicultural Education

Dermolo as one of the villages in Kembang, Jepara, was ever hit by a conflict under a religious background. This friction involved Islamic and Christian groups. The dispute between the two groups increasingly culminated and seemed to have no end without the presence of the Nation. When the Regional Government of Jepara encountered a deadlock in breaking down this social conflict, the presence of a civil society organization was absolutely necessary. Lakpesdam NU Jepara since 2014 up to now has been trying to extinguish the fire of conflict in Dermolo which was initially triggered by disputes over the use of a worship place. Through a qualitative descriptive approach by utilizing the theory of conflict resolution and multicultural education, this paper finally succeeds in mapping the four multicultural education patterns used by Lakpesdam NU. Those are economic empowerment, religious approaches, empowering women, and empowering village cadres. The result of this academic discourse at the same time provides an alternative methodological offer that can be replicated by the stakeholders of the policy makers, for example the Regional Government and the relevant Regional Apparatus Organization. It can be used as a prototype for civil society organizations and peace activists in settling disputes wrapped in religious sentiment. This kind of inclusive pattern is considered quite successful as a conflict resolution strategy. Lakpesdam NU Jepara is the only institution that has the sympathy of the residents and the Dermolo Government, because it has contributed positively in restoring social harmony between Christian and Islam groups

Formulating policy recommendations for potential rubber plantation owners and rubber wood consumers in Thailand to obtain international forest management certification

The severity of environmental problems affecting air, soil, water, biodiversity, and forests, prompted relevant organizations to create mechanisms to prevent and manage these problems. One of these key mechanisms is Forest Certification, which is classified into two types, namely, Forest Management Certification (FM) and Chain of Custody Certification (CoC). The FM and CoC are certified by the relevant organization such as the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC). These mechanisms will have an impact on the industry and commerce that use wood and tree products as a production base because of wood product importers may only import the certified products. This research project was designed to formulate policy recommendations for the potential development of rubber plantation owners and rubber wood consumers in Thailand to obtain international forest management certification. This was done using research data from two subprojects, namely, subproject 1: The analysis of rubber plantations on forest management certification status in Thailand, and subproject 2: Analysis of the factors affecting forest management certification of rubber plantations in Thailand. This resulted into four main policy recommendations in four broad areas: 1) Formulation of national policies and strategies to promote and access the forest certification systems for rubber plantation owners and rubber wood consumers; 2) Development of relevant organizations to promote and support forest certification in Thailand by determination and development of governmental organizations with the mission and potential in problem solving/negotiation and the potential developments of rubber plantation owners and rubber wood consumers for the whole system; 3) Development and availability of rubber plantation owners and rubber wood consumers in Thailand to obtain international certification; and 4) Research support in response to the development of forest certification in Thailand

\u201cThe more children you have, the more praise you get from the community\u201d: exploring the role of sociocultural context and perceptions of care on maternal and newborn health among Somali refugees in UNHCR supported camps in Kenya

BackgroundMaternal and neonatal survival are key components of population health and may be particularly vulnerable in humanitarian contexts of civil unrest and displacement. Understanding what factors contribute to poor health outcomes throughout the reproductive life cycle and across the continuum of care is crucial for improving health programming in acute and protracted refugee settings.MethodsWe undertook a mixed-methods baseline assessment of factors related to maternal and neonatal health among refugees living in the Dadaab refugee complex in eastern Kenya. The qualitative component included 23 focus group discussions with 207 community members and 22 key informant interviews with relevant UN and non-governmental organization staff, community leaders, health managers, and front-line health care providers. We analysed qualitative data for content and themes using inductive and deductive techniques.ResultsTaking a life course perspective, we found that the strong desire for large families and the primary social role of the woman as child bearer impacted maternal and neonatal health in the camps through preferences for early marriage, low demand for contraception, and avoidance of caesarean sections. Participants described how a strong fear of death, disability, and reduced fecundity from caesarean sections results in avoidance of the surgery, late presentation to the health facility in labour, and difficulty gaining timely informed consent. Mistrust of health service providers also played a role in this dynamic. In terms of newborn care practices, while breastfeeding is culturally supported and women increasingly accept feeding colostrum to the newborn, mixed feeding practices and application of foreign substances to the umbilicus continue to present risks to newborn health in this community.ConclusionsThe findings from our study showcase the role that specific sociocultural beliefs and practices and perceptions of health care services have on maternal and neonatal health. An in-depth understanding of how these factors impact the utilization of biomedical health services provides valuable information for targeted improvements in health service provision that are tailored to the local context.

Digital Conglomerates and EU Competition Policy

The paper analyses firms’ motivations and the competitive effects of digital conglomerates with the relevant industrial organisation and strategic management literature. On that basis, it makes recommendations to improve the methodologies and modes of operation of EU competition policy in the digital sector. The paper first shows that some of the characteristics of the digital economy may explain digital conglomerates. On the supply-side, those include the important economies of scope in product development as product innovation and development are often modular and based on shared inputs (such as data, hardware and software). On the demand-side, those include the consumer synergies generated by product ecosystems. The paper then shows that the pro- and anti-competitive effects of conglomerates are amplified in the digital economy. Regarding the anti-competitive effects, bundling may allow big platforms to envelop their smaller competitors in adjacent markets, raise entry barriers for innovating entrants or soften competition by increasing differentiation. The control of key sharable inputs may increase the incentives to refuse access or decrease the costs of an anti-competitive product proliferation strategy. Those effects are even stronger when the digital conglomerate has achieved the position of gatekeeper for access to customers or to specific products. Those anti-competitive effects should always be balanced with the positive welfare effects of digital conglomerates that are equally amplified. Moreover, conglomerate acquisitions of innovative start-ups may in some circumstances lead to a decrease in innovation, which is detrimental to welfare. The paper finally recommends some improvements in the enforcement of EU competition policy in digital markets. (i) Dynamic efficiency should be prioritised over static efficiencies; (ii) Market power should be assessed dynamically by focusing more on potential competition and by defining markets for sharable inputs and innovation capabilities; (iii) The theories of harms should be adapted to the firms’ incentives in the digital economy, in particular the anti-competitive bundling theories need to be extended, the threshold to impose access under the essential facilities doctrine needs to be adapted to the characteristics of data and the effects of a merger on innovation need to be directly taken into account; (iv) Antitrust intervention should be quicker and more agile and the standard of proof should not only take into account the risk of type I and type II errors but also the cost of those errors.

An Olympic‐sized Challenge: Effect of Organizational Pathology on Maintaining and Repairing Organizational Legitimacy in Sports Governing Bodies

AbstractPrivate organizations increasingly wield public authority, with substantial impact on the lives of individual persons. Such authority is often paired with enhanced public scrutiny and decreased trust in the relevant organization, leading to a loss of legitimacy. This paper uses sports governing bodies to contribute to the literature on governance by developing theory on the interaction between organizational legitimacy and pathological internal structures. It takes a nuanced view of legitimacy and extends a model of organizational pathology. While primarily conceptual, the paper uses the well‐documented cases of the International Olympic Committee and, to a lesser extent, FIFA to illustrate how organizational pathology can not only undermine an organization's legitimacy, but can also interfere with its ability to perceive a path to legitimacy repair, even when it recognizes the necessity of doing so. The paper concludes with recommendations for practice and suggestions for future research looking beyond sports governing bodies.