Relevant Organization Research Articles

Understanding the role of sleep quality and sleep duration in commercial driving safety

IntroductionLong-haul truck drivers in the United States suffer disproportionately high injury rates. Sleep is a critical factor in these outcomes, contributing to fatigue and degrading multiple aspects of safety-relevant performance. Both sleep duration and sleep quality are often compromised among truck drivers; however, much of the efforts to combat fatigue focus on sleep duration rather than sleep quality. Thus, the current study has two objectives: (1) to determine the degree to which sleep impacts safety-relevant performance among long-haul truck drivers; and (2) to evaluate workday and non-workday sleep quality and duration as predictors of drivers’ safety-relevant performance. Materials and methodsA non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional design was employed to collect survey and biometric data from 260 long-haul truck drivers. The Trucker Sleep Disorders Survey was developed to assess sleep duration and quality, the impact of sleep on job performance and accident risk, and other relevant work organization characteristics. Descriptive statistics assessed work organization variables, sleep duration and quality, and frequency of engaging in safety-relevant performance while sleepy. Linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate relationships between sleep duration, sleep quality, and work organization variables with safety composite variables. ResultsDrivers reported long work hours, with over 70% of drivers working more than 11h daily. Drivers also reported a large number of miles driven per week, with an average of 2,812.61 miles per week, and frequent violations of hours-of-service rules, with 43.8% of drivers “sometimes to always” violating the “14-h rule.” Sleep duration was longer, and sleep quality was better, on non-workdays compared on workdays. Drivers frequently operated motor vehicles while sleepy, and sleepiness impacted several aspects of safety-relevant performance. Sleep quality was better associated with driving while sleepy and with job performance and concentration than sleep duration. Sleep duration was better associated with accidents and accident risk than sleep quality. DiscussionSleep quality appears to be better associated with safety-relevant performance among long-haul truck drivers than sleep duration. Comprehensive and multilevel efforts are needed to meaningfully address sleep quality among drivers.

Abstract 4266: Reproducible spheroid formation using functionalized hyaluronan 3D scaffolds

Abstract Extracellular matrix (ECM) characteristics, including stiffness, porosity, composition and spatial interaction with the surrounding cells and soluble factors are key components for cell growth in a tissue microenvironment. However, poor performance of 2D in vitro systems and animal models demands physiologically relevant well controlled 3D platforms for mechanistic assays, drug resistant phenotypes, new drug efficacy, toxicity assessment. Technical limitations in the current use of multicellular spheroids prevent their widespread use in cancer research and drug development. Existing systems for spheroid formation require lengthy processing times, and make simple tasks like media exchange, cell retrieval and microscopy analysis challenging. An ideal 3D cell culture system would form spheroids in an in vivo like microenvironment, while being easy to handle and compatible with all analytical methods. To address this unmet needs, we use a controlled hyaluronic acid-based scaffolds for spheroid formation. We have enriched 2 hyaluronan scaffolds with other components of the ECM such as collagen I, collagen IV, collagen VI, RGDs motif or galactosamine. Functionalised scaffolds overpass the 2D flat culture limitations by recreating cell/cell interactions and cell/matrix interaction to recreate a more physiologically authentic 3D architecture. The 2 functionalized scaffolds recapitulate the microenvironment for Hepatocyte and Adipocyte growth. Once formed, the spheroids can be cultured long-term, the scaffold is transparent allowing reproducible High Content Screening, the spheroids and the cells can be retrieve, avoiding the technical issues of other 3D systems to retain samples. Moreover, the scaffold is compatible with fluorescence/luminescent kit and immunofluorescent microscopy. We demonstrated this technology using cell lines, primary cells (adipocytes, hepatocytes). We assayed the spheroids over time using various endpoint spheroid morphology, growth and viability, resistance to anti-cancer drug, relevant cell organization formation and toxicity endpoint. Thus, this study introduces functionalized HA scaffold for the use of in vitro culture model as that represent native cell environments is ready to ready to use and compatible with HTS and all analytical methods for drug development and compound screening. Citation Format: Pauline Pannetier, Fiona Louis, Zied Souguir, Agathe Devaux, Didier Le Cerf, Jean-Pierre Vannier, Elise Demange, Guillaume Vidal. Reproducible spheroid formation using functionalized hyaluronan 3D scaffolds. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4266.

Exome-Scale Discovery of Hotspot Mutation Regions in Human Cancer Using 3D Protein Structure.

The impact of somatic missense mutation on cancer etiology and progression is often difficult to interpret. One common approach for assessing the contribution of missense mutations in carcinogenesis is to identify genes mutated with statistically nonrandom frequencies. Even given the large number of sequenced cancer samples currently available, this approach remains underpowered to detect drivers, particularly in less studied cancer types. Alternative statistical and bioinformatic approaches are needed. One approach to increase power is to focus on localized regions of increased missense mutation density or hotspot regions, rather than a whole gene or protein domain. Detecting missense mutation hotspot regions in three-dimensional (3D) protein structure may also be beneficial because linear sequence alone does not fully describe the biologically relevant organization of codons. Here, we present a novel and statistically rigorous algorithm for detecting missense mutation hotspot regions in 3D protein structures. We analyzed approximately 3 × 10(5) mutations from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and identified 216 tumor-type-specific hotspot regions. In addition to experimentally determined protein structures, we considered high-quality structural models, which increase genomic coverage from approximately 5,000 to more than 15,000 genes. We provide new evidence that 3D mutation analysis has unique advantages. It enables discovery of hotspot regions in many more genes than previously shown and increases sensitivity to hotspot regions in tumor suppressor genes (TSG). Although hotspot regions have long been known to exist in both TSGs and oncogenes, we provide the first report that they have different characteristic properties in the two types of driver genes. We show how cancer researchers can use our results to link 3D protein structure and the biologic functions of missense mutations in cancer, and to generate testable hypotheses about driver mechanisms. Our results are included in a new interactive website for visualizing protein structures with TCGA mutations and associated hotspot regions. Users can submit new sequence data, facilitating the visualization of mutations in a biologically relevant context. Cancer Res; 76(13); 3719-31. ©2016 AACR.

The 5th National Logistics and Supply Chain Conference

Abstract. The 5 th National Logistics and Supply Chain Conference (ULTZK) held in Mersin Divan Hotel on the 26-28 May 2016. A number of academics, logistics service receiver company representatives (manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, etc.), logistics service provider company representatives (transport, logistics, storage, etc.), non-governmental organization representatives, and the relevant public institution and organization representatives participated to the conducted panels and sessions. In those sessions Logistics General Issues; Supply Chain Management; Logistics Costs; Urban Logistics; Mathematical Modelling; Maritime Logistics and Port Management; Green Logistics; Hazardous Substances Logistics; Logistics and Foreign Trade; Logistics Facility Site Selection; Logistics Current Issues; Air Logistics; Vehicle Routing; Logistics and Administrative Logistics Issues; and Logistic Village issues were covered. In broad terms, the conference was highly informative and provided significant out comes to its participants. Keywords. Logistics, Logistics economy, Logistics management, Supply chain. JEL. M10, M11, M19.

Пoзнaвaтeльный интepec кaк aктуaльнaя пpoблeмa вocпитaния учaщихcя

The article is devoted to problems of development of
 cognitive interest of pupils. The authors examined the concept of
 "cognitive interest", "interest" from the point of view of various
 scientists. They had proposed definition of "interest" based on the
 analysis of existing definitions. Pupils ´ interest in teaching is a
 determining factor in the process of mastering their knowledge.
 The interest in the acquisition of knowledge of students is formed
 only by relevant organization teacher training activities. It should
 be directed to the development of pupils cognitive interests.

The Effect of Regional Socio-Economic Factor on Development of Heterogeneous Urban Contexts; Case Study: Bandar Abbas City

Heterogeneous urban development of Iran during current decades along with ineffectiveness of urban planning system and shortcoming of national development programs and land use planning have led to many problems of urbanism in Iran so that heterogeneous and old contexts can be named as one of the problems in this field. Urban decay is one of the serious and inevitable problems of urban management in all countries. This study has been conducted to analyze and assess the effect of regional factors on development of problematic urban contexts emphasizing on socio- economic indicators in Bandar Abbas City. Having urban macro-indicators at regional and country level, Bandar Abbas City faces various physical problems which problematic and old contexts are the most important of them that cover an area of 1033 hectares. Economic issues and heterogeneity within social contexts have expanded the mentioned problem in addition to physical problems. Methodology of this study has been analytical-descriptive, data collection method of documentary information has been gathered from relevant administrative organization such as Statistical Center of Iran, the Municipality and the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, and survey data has been collected through 90 questionnaires. According to the obtained results of this study, it could be found that social, economic, political and managerial factors have had effects on formation of heterogeneous contexts and extensive migration during the current years has expanded problematic contexts of Bandar Abbas due to its specific regional conditions. Moreover, the obtained results of this study indicated that heterogeneous contexts had some features including fine-grained, inadequate access network, impervious, inferior materials and poor construction of buildings and lack of necessary infrastructure.

Protocol for a Systematic Review: “No Excuses” Charter Schools for Increasing Math and Literacy Achievement in Primary and Secondary Education: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Protocol for a Systematic Review: “No Excuses” Charter Schools for Increasing Math and Literacy Achievement in Primary and Secondary Education: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Change in Global Environmental Governance

Where does change come from in the architecture of global environmental governance? To the extent that a traditional answer to this question exists, it is that states self-consciously make changes in the architecture, to meet specific cooperative goals and in response to new information about the state of the natural environment. This is the classical neoliberal, institutionalist, regime theory answer: States, understood as rational unitary actors, create new institutions to reduce the market imperfections in international cooperation. This answer has informed much good work on global environmental politics over the past two decades, but it is limited by its terms of reference. States are often neither rational nor unitary, and they are not the only actors of relevance to global environmental governance. A more recent counter-narrative to state-based regime theory abjures the state and the formal intergovernmental organizations created by states, looking both to other levels of government and to nongovernmental actors as sources of environmental governance. This approach looks at networks of nonstate actors as the source of voluntary global environmental leadership, built up from the grass roots rather than imposed from the top. This is a useful corrective to an exclusive focus on the state as the unit of analysis, and on conscious design rather

Sponge erosion under acidification and warming scenarios: differential impacts on living and dead coral.

Ocean acidification will disproportionately impact the growth of calcifying organisms in coral reef ecosystems. Simultaneously, sponge bioerosion rates have been shown to increase as seawater pH decreases. We conducted a 20-week experiment that included a 4-week acclimation period with a high number of replicate tanks and a fully orthogonal design with two levels of temperature (ambient and +1°C), three levels of pH (8.1, 7.8, and 7.6), and two levels of boring sponge (Cliona varians, present and absent) to account for differences in sponge attachment and carbonate change for both living and dead coral substrate (Porites furcata). Net coral calcification, net dissolution/bioerosion, coral and sponge survival, sponge attachment, and sponge symbiont health were evaluated. Additionally, we used the empirical data from the experiment to develop a stochastic simulation of carbonate change for small coral clusters (i.e., simulated reefs). Our findings suggest differential impacts of temperature, pH and sponge presence for living and dead corals. Net coral calcification (mgCaCO3 cm(-2) day(-1) ) was significantly reduced in treatments with increased temperature (+1°C) and when sponges were present; acidification had no significant effect on coral calcification. Net dissolution of dead coral was primarily driven by pH, regardless of sponge presence or seawater temperature. A reevaluation of the current paradigm of coral carbonate change under future acidification and warming scenarios should include ecologically relevant timescales, species interactions, and community organization to more accurately predict ecosystem-level response to future conditions.

A política de saúde brasileira: principais debates e desafios e interface desses com a Vigilância Sanitária

Health surveillance (HS) is concerned with the protection of the populations’ health. HS is considered as one of the main component of Unified Health System but it faces the challenge of setting priorities in healthcare policies. The aim of this study was to present and discuss the main challenges and issues concerning healthcare policies and its connection with the field of Visa. This research was performed in two parts: 1) analysis of documents from 1999 to 2009; and 2) conducting interviews. For data analysis, we used the thematic content analysis method. The results presented in this study address the issues covered by the category called “context” of healthcare. It is noted that SUS represents a major change in the Brazilian healthcare policies, but its focus on healthcare may have undermined HS. Strategies based on completeness are fundamental to the understanding of HS as a relevant organization involved in healthcare policies, such as the Family Health Strategy. Little consensus in national politics for the areas of public health also weakens HS and produces disagreement among important healthcare policy makers. Development of the industrial complex tends to put the emphasis on HS, but with the risk of adding to the healthcare burden, rather than improving healthcare.

Microstructure Evolution and Shaping of Friction Stir Lap Welded Dissimilar Magnesium Alloy Joint

Friction stir lap welding (FSLW) experiment has been conducted on 3mm thick AZ80 extruded sheet and 2.3mm thick AZ31B rolled sheet. The influence of the shape of the taper thread mixing head on microstructure has been discussed. Pores forming, hooked defects, interface migration, tissue distribution have been analyzed. The organization of both sides of nugget zone (NZ) is arranged diagonally above, due to the corresponding resultant force along the thread of pin. NZ was collided to form a cascade "onion ring" by plastic microstructure rotating with thread of the pin and dropping from concave of mixing head conical body. Cavity defect was concerned with the poor deformation of AZ80 magnesium alloy placed underneath and relevant organization collision.

공공공사의 발주방식선정을 위한 의사결정요인 연구

공공공사의 발주는 발주방식의 선정이 발주부서 또는 발주업무 담당자의 업무적 경험 위주로 선정되고 있어, 해당 공사의 유형이나 특성 분석이 고려된 객관적인 선정 프로세스를 거치지 못하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 프로젝트 발주방식 선정 모델의 개발을 위한 초기 연구로써 공공공사의 발주방식 선정에 영향을 끼치는 주요 요인들을 분석하여 제시하고자 한다. 기존의 발주방식 관련 문헌조사를 통해 1차 요인을 제시하고, 요인분석을 통해 최종 영향 요인을 제시한다. 그 결과 발주자의 특성, 건설시장 환경, 조직, 프로젝트 특성, 비용, 책임요소의 6가지 대분류로 나뉘었으며, 하위요인으로 14가지가 선정되었다. 본 연구에서 제시된 요인들은 향후 공공공사 발주방식 선정을 위한 의사결정 지원 모델개발의 기초자료로 활용될 것이다. The procurement of public construction, which has been selected mainly on the basis of the work experience of a department of public agencies that award construction contracts or those in charge of ordering, has not been executed through an objective selection process considering the construction types or characteristics. Thus, as a preliminary study on developing a model for the selection of contract methods, this study intends to analyze and present the key factors affecting the selection of procurement methods in public construction. Through a literature review on the existing methods, foundational factors were first presented, based on the analysis of these factors, the final influence factors were proposed. As a result, 6 factors contractor's characteristics, the environment of the construction market, relevant organization, the characteristics of a project, costs, and responsibility factors were determined, and 14 sub-factors were selected. The factors presented in this study will be used as base data for developing a decision making support model for the selection of contract methods in public construction.

Patient satisfaction with medical disclosure and consent documents for treatment: Applying conceptualizations of uncertainty to examine successful attempts at communicating risk

Although growing evidence suggests that the informed consent process often involves ineffective communication, little is known about how patients evaluate the communicative features of medical disclosure and consent documents (MDCDs). This study was an attempt to uncover some successful elements of MDCDs by asking patients to report on what they found satisfying with a consent form. Participants (N = 150) were administered a sample form for a cardiac catheterization and were asked during face-to-face interviews to describe what they liked about it. They also provided data about their level of education, level of health literacy, age, and experience receiving healthcare as patient characteristics. Open-ended comments were thematically analyzed according to conceptualizations of uncertainty and information management in healthcare settings. We found that patients commented most often on the completeness of relevant information, clear language, straightforward organization, and minimal volume of material in the document. There was little evidence that patient characteristics such as health literacy or experience receiving healthcare predicted patients’ satisfaction with the MDCD. A recommendation for incorporating these findings into practice, termed the CLOVE framework, is summarized.

Public health response to two incidents of confirmed MERS-CoV cases travelling on flights through London Heathrow Airport in 2014 – lessons learnt.

In May 2014, Public Health England was alerted to two separate laboratory-confirmed cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection who transited through London Heathrow Airport while symptomatic on flights from Saudi Arabia to the United States of America. We present the rationale for the public health response to both incidents, and report results of contact tracing. Following a risk assessment, passengers seated two seats around the cases were prioritised for contact tracing and a proactive media approach was used to alert all passengers on the planes of their possible exposure in both incidents. In total, 64 United Kingdom (UK) residents were successfully contacted, 14 of whom were sat in the priority area two seats all around the case(s). Five passengers reported respiratory symptoms within 14 days of the flight, but all tested were negative for MERS-CoV. Details of non-UK residents were passed on to relevant World Health Organization International Health Regulation focal points for follow-up, and no further cases were reported back. Different approaches were used to manage contact tracing for each flight due to variations in the quality and timeliness of the passenger contact information provided by the airlines involved. No evidence of symptomatic onward transmission was found.

Collective Identity and Memory: A Comparative Analysis of Community Response to Environmental Hazards

AbstractResearch has explored the ways in which communities respond to local polluting facilities. In some cases, residents mobilize to confront corporate and state polluters, whereas in other cases residents remain quiescent in the wake of documented environmental threats. The variation in community response is often linked to demographic variables, including age, gender, education, and length of residence; yet cultural factors remain largely unexamined. We examine how cultural factors such as community identity and memory mitigate the relationship between community residents and polluting facilities. We present a comparative study of two heavily polluted communities—Blackwell, Oklahoma, and Cañon City, Colorado—that had divergent responses to contamination. The data for these cases come from in‐depth interviews with community residents and various officials (N = 105), content analyses of newspaper coverage and relevant organization documents, and direct observation of meetings and organizing activities. Our findings indicate that cultural factors play a critical role in understanding the relationship between local residents and polluting facilities. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for future research on rural communities and environmental contamination.

Benchmarking road safety performance by grouping local territories: A study in the Netherlands

The method of benchmarking provides an opportunity to learn from better performing territories to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of activities in a particular field of interest. Such a field of interest could be road safety. Road safety benchmarking can include several indicators, ranging from performance indicated by crash statistics, to indicators that also account for consequences in costs or the underlying state of the road safety system and relevant organisation and processes at actor level. The structure and culture of a territory is identified as a basic context of road safety performance. This is regarded as important information to use in grouping of territories to get more homogenous or equal and comparable conditions to learn from ‘the best in class’.The main aim of this study is to assess the usability of different groupings using the physical structure for benchmarking road safety performance at local territorial level. A traditional grouping of municipalities in the Netherlands was compared with a simple grouping of these municipalities based on their level of urbanisation and an advanced grouping in which more indicators such as differences in demography, growth and road structure were taken into account. As in other studies, urbanisation showed to be the most predominant structural factor for grouping local territories and related to differences in road safety performance. However, if information would be needed for specific target groups, other factors like age and gender distribution or the distribution of the road network can provide valuable additional insight and better homogenous starting points for benchmarking. Especially benchmarking of rural territories may profit from such extra distinctive characteristics.

What is the Social Innovation Community? Conceptualizing an Emergent Collaborative Organization

Although social innovation is stimulating tremendous interest among scholars and policy-makers, its emergent catalysts are insufficiently understood. This paper thus identifies and explores a relevant collaborative organization, the social innovation community (SIC). Found in cosmopolitan cities, SICs are held together by recognizable shared cultures and online/offline spaces. This account sets out a basic categorization of SICs, profiles their salient features, and offers an original definition. SICs support early-stage social entrepreneurship but may also help to introduce social innovation into new cultural settings, re-programme wider innovation circuits, and promote productive collaboration amid diversity.

Undergraduate training in public health should prepare graduates for the workforce.

Undergraduate training in public health should prepare graduates for the workforce.

Administrative Health Forecasting, through the identification of effective factors within the organization (Case Study: Fiscal Organization in the South Khorasan province)

Today one of the most important damage that threatens the social new order in the bureaucratic and administrative is the issue of corruption and administrative chaos that in front of the office health is considered as one of the most basic concern of executive authorities. Administrative system in any society is the executive arm of the political system in that community and its true or false Performance can sustain the political system or put it away from legitimacy. The fundamental attention to the administrative system in each society and exact pathology (administrative corruption) can be a great help to the policy makers of that community in which with timely diagnosis, they think about required solutions. In this context, this study sought to examine the affecting organizational factors relationship on the administrative health in fiscal affairs of organization in South Khorasan. Due to the nature of this study and according to the intended purpose, this study in terms method is correlation type and from purpose view is a practical one. A questionnaire was used to collect data and obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software and statistical analysis methods. The validity of a questionnaire designed was approved by the expert opinions and professors in the relevant organization. Cranach's alpha of the questionnaire was 78/0 that confirmed its reliability. Finally, the relationship between determined organizational factors and health administrative was approved and the effectiveness of each of these factors was identified using regression methods.

Medication Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: 2015 Position Statement of the Korean Society for Bone and Mineral Research and the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

Bisphosphonates are the most widely prescribed drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis, and are also used in malignant bone metastases, multiple myeloma, and Paget's disease, and provide therapeutic efficacy on those diseases. However, it was reported that occurrence of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) could be related with bisphosphonate exposures, and there have been many cases regarding this issue. Therefore, a clearer definition and treatment guidelines were needed for this disease. The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) and American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) reported statements on bisphosphonate-related ONJ (BRONJ), and a revised version was recently presented. In the revised edition, the diagnosis BRONJ was changed to medication-related ONJ (MRONJ), which reflects a consideration of the fact that ONJ also occurs for denosumab, a bone resorption inhibitor of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) antibody family, and bevacizumab, an anti-angiogenesis inhibitor. In 2009, a statement on ONJ was also reported locally by a relevant organization, which has served as basis for clinical treatment in Korea. In addition to the new official stance of the AAOMS and ASBMR, with an increasing pool of ONJ clinical experience, a revised version of the 2009 local statement is needed. As such, the Korean Society for Bone and Mineral Research (KSBMR) and the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (KAOMS) have collectively formed a committee for the preparation of an official statement on MRONJ, and have reviewed recent local and international data to propose guidelines customized for the local Korean situation.